STUDENT MADE SMART TRASH BIN

ALVIN ANITO
ARLJAY MARC DIOLATA
EMMAN JAMES PRECELLAS
KEVIN CLARK BABA
REGIE FULLANTE

THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF SULOP NATIONAL HIGH

SCHOOL SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL, SULOP DAVAO DEL SUR
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR
PRACTICAL RESEARCH II
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY PAGES PAGE

TITTLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
ABSTRACTION iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGRURES viii
LIST OF APPENDICES ix

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
Background of the study 1
Statement of the Problem 3
Significance of the study 4
Scope and Delimitation of the study 5
Operational Definition of Terms 6

II RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature 10
Related Studies 13
Prior Art 1 17
Prior Art 2 18
Prior Art 3 19
State of the Art Landscape 20
Synthesis 22
Theoretical Framework 23
Conceptual Framework 24

III METHODOLOGY
Research Design 26
Research Locale
Sample and Sampling Technique 26
Data Gathering Procedure 33
Developmental Phase 35
Designing of the parts 35
Construction Time Fame 37
 Project Cost 39
Project Testing, Validation and Revision Phase 41
Evaluation Phase 41
Research Methods 42
Research Instrument 43
Research Locale 44
Data Gathering Procedure 44
Evaluators 45
Statistical Analysis 45
Ethical Consideration 45

REFERENCES 65
 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Exposure to plastic waste has been evidently increasing globally with almost

every industry, corporation and community relying on plastics as they have become a

commodity to the citizens. With the United Nations announcing plastic pollution as a

global crisis, many countries have banned single-use plastics and started to urge people

to help minimize their plastic usage. Furthermore, many manufacturers and producers

have started changing their entire production industry to help in their own ways to

reduce plastics. In this context, an efficient collection of plastic waste is being perceived

as a fundamental public service. The existing solutions and policies for plastic-waste

management differ per country.

Due to the fast pace of urbanization, waste management is becoming a bigger

issue each day in each developed and developing countries. In Malaysia, rapid

urbanization and industrialization transition have changed the solid waste

characteristics. The generation of municipal solid waste [MSW] over the past 10 years

has increased by 95 per cent due to rapid development in the urban areas. The waste

created from various sources will be lead to environmental pollution arising without an

effective and well organized solid waste management.(Yusof et al.,2018)

As a tropical country, the Philippines experiences heavy rainfall from August to

December. Because of these heavy downpours, flooding is a perennial problem in the

lowland urban areas (Chen et al., 2017) like that in Cebu City. In this city, flooding in

the downtown areas is common even in times of minimal downpours. As observed, the

drainages easily overflow because of the very noticeable accumulation of garbage

(Thanvisitthpon et al., 2020). Several countermeasures had been implemented by the

local government units to address this garbage accumulation. Some of these were the

scheduled cleaning of the drainages. Also, the national government invested millions to

reconstruct the drainages to improve the performance of flood management system.

Also, several city ordinances had been passed for implementation by the stakeholders .

However, such problem has been recurring over the years. In this light, it is

crucial to develop a system that can monitor the garbage level in real-time such that

the concerned agency can be advised on the actual status of garbage in the drainages.

In this manner, timely garbage collection in drainages can be achieved. The system

should be low-cost so that the government can install it in all drainages in Cebu City.

(Parilla et al.,2020)

This pressing condition essentially showed gaps in the local institutional

implementation of the policy. The Department of Education (DepEd) is considered

significant in policy implementation along with the LGUs. The institution accommodates

the bulk of younger population and must be given proper training on SWM. Further,

schools with better SWM practice showed positive response by providing SW recycling

options (Smyth et al., 2010; Mbuligwe, 2002; Mason et al., 2003; Malakahmad et al.,

2010; Kelly et al., 2006; Felder et al., 2001; De Vega et al., 2003; 2008). Consequently,
schools can implement a structure to mitigate SWM issues. Locally, the city division of

DepEd on 2015 issued a mandate (Memorandum 696) to participate in SWM and waste

segregation in coherence with the local government. The implementation however of

this mandate to respective schools was not measured. It is with this purpose that this

study was conducted, to identify qualitatively and descriptive the implementation of RA

9003 and DepEd Memo 696 to selected public secondary schools in Cagayan de Oro.

The objectives of the study were to determine the level of awareness; attitude; and

practices among selected secondary public school teachers. The study similarly, aimed

to identify gaps and best practices of SWM practices in participating schools.

The present problem of Sulop National High School Senior High School department is
the Poor waste disposal situation. Thus this study is proposed to make a Smart Trash
Bin to address the foregoing problem. The researcher believe that students in the
previous years have not tried Smart Trash Bin to address the said problem.

Objective of the study

Addressing the issue of Solid Waste Problem at Sulop National High School is the
goal of this study. The purpose of this study was to develop new linked gadgets by
creating, designing, and creating a device that would assist. to combat the trash issue
at the institution. . Moreover, this study specifically has the following objectives:

1. To develop, design and build an innovative device.

2. To test the functionality of the smart trash bin terms of:

2.1. Recycled Materials

2.2. Arduino uno

2.3. Sensors

2.4. Servo Motor

 2.5. Gsm Module

Significance of the Study

The goal of this project was to generate new, more feature-rich related devices

by building, designing, and developing them. updated tool that would assist with the

school's waste issue and teach users that this kind of innovation can make tasks simpler

than those posed by emerging technologies. As a result, it protects the school's health

and cleanliness from waste issues that could be brought on by solid waste

contamination;

STUDENTS- Students can use this tool to safeguard their fellow students' health and

safety as well as the environment.

TEACHERS- By using this equipment, teachers can instruct students on environmental

protection.

SCHOOL- This device may give your school the eco-friendly reputation it deserves

while saving time, money, and resources.

Scope and Delimitation of the study

 For schools that now struggle with waste, Smart trash bin will help to maintain a

clean and healthy atmosphere. To make sure the technology can function effectively for

human use, it must undergo significant experimentation, research, and testing. The

respondents for this survey will be Sulop National High School students, who will assist

in conducting it there. With the use of our automatic waste segregator trash can, this

study will assist the school's kids in being environmentally friendly with regard to the

issue of school garbage.Smart trash bin will be created using the following components

Recyclable Materials, Arduino Uno, Ultrasonic sensor, PIR sensor, Servo motor, Gsm

module.

Operational Definition of Terms

The operational key terms used in the study of the parts present in the Smart trash bin.

Arduino- Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use

hardware and software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, .

Garbage Monitoring system- which monitors the garbage bins and informs about

the level of garbage collected in the garbage bins via a web page. It shows the System

Architecture, in which system uses ultrasonic sensors. placed over the bins to detect the

garbage level and compare it with the garbage bins depth.

Waste- (of a material, substance, or byproduct) eliminated or discarded as no longer

useful or required after the completion of a process.

Waste management- Waste management or waste disposal includes the processes

and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal .
TRASH BIN- a large container for holding waste
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter on the conceptual framework presents the review of related

literature and studies, and research paradigm.

ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM

Recycling is a resource recovery method which involves collection, sorting and

reuse of waste materials such as glass bottles, plastic containers, tin cans and papers.

One method of recycling is called single-stream recycling wherein all recyclable

materials are placed in a single bin for collection, and the sorting is done at a central

facility. Recycling is done to reduce energy usage, limit filling up landfills, lessen air and

water pollution, minimize greenhouse gas emissions and preserve natural resources for

future generations Nagayo, A., et al(2019).

Smart Trash Bins have been researched since the 1990s. It was in 2013 that the word

“Smart Trash Bin” first appeared in a paper based on a Google scholarly search. Since

then, the number of papers has increased, especially in 2017, they quadrupled from the

previous year, and 82 were found from 2020. Table 2 shows the number of papers
searched under Smart Trash Bin and “Smart Trash Bin” in Google’s scholarly search.

Smart Trash Bin was used to find comprehensive research, and “Smart Trash Bin” was

used to search for papers directly mentioning Smart Trash Bins.( Huh, J. et al.,2021)

Table 1. The Number of Papers with the Keywords Smart Trash Bin and “Smart Trash

Bin”

Year Smart Trash Bin “Smart Trash Bin”

2013 998 4

2014 1080 2

2015 1070 6

2016 1140 5

2017 1250 20

2018 1280 32

2019 1460 45

2020 1334 82
 Fauziah et al. reviewed Google scholarly search and ScienceDirect papers on

Smart Trash Bins from 2015 to 2019. R. P. Chandra et al. analyzed the literature and

surveys on the recognitions of bins part of smart trash bin projects and concluded that

smart trash bin projects could affect people’s interest in disposing of trash in its place

and the community’s way of treating trash. Henita Rahmayanti et al. in their research,

applied smart trash bins to schools, which would be an educational tool to help students

understand the type of trash. P Haribabu et al. analyzed mobile applications connected

to smart trash bins to achieve Smart City goals and save human resources.

RELATED LITERATURES

The smart garbage monitoring and collection systems were quite numerous in the

extant literature. A good example of this was the one developed by Ramson and Moni

(2017). In this system, Wireless Monitoring Units (WMU) was utilized in trash bins. The

sensor in the WMU can detect the unfilled trash level in the bin. The data were then

sent to the Wireless Access Point Unit (WAPU) for processing in the monitoring station.

A possible improvement in the evaluation of the system was to test it using both 4G

and 5G networks. Another IoT-based system for waste management was the works of

Aleyadeh and Taha (2018) and Mirchandani et al. (2017). The ultimate feature of these

works was its ability to provide an optimal solution for waste collection by minimizing

the time length of waste collection through smart means. However, the architecture

proposed by the work of Aleyadeh and Taha (2018) is yet to be prototyped for actual

implementation and testing. As to the contribution of Mirchandani et al. (2017), there is

a need to further test the system using different types of wastes and dustbins to ensure
that the weight sensor used can effectively function in different types of wastes and

dustbin materials.

Other smart garbage monitoring developments were crafted by Chowdhury and

Chowdhury (2007), Hong et al. (2014), Karadimas et al. (2016) and Vasagade et al.

(2017). These works integrated the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), GSM, and

Geographic Information System (GIS), which provided advantages such as power

minimization, low cost, and accurate estimation with a tiny-load fingerprint. However,

several loopholes were identified. The communication between waste tags and readers,

and readers and back-ends were unidirectional in the system of Chowdhury and

Chowdhury (2007). The waste tags used were passive with a minimal storage capacity.

Also, there existed a disadvantage in the system developed by Hong et al. (2014). It

was noted that it needed maintenance cost and there was an identified trade-off owing

to the proposed system’s battery-based power structure. As for the work of Karadimas

et al. (2016), the tests conducted should have been done at more granular level to

consider the different types of wastes. In the work of Vasagade et al. (2017), only basic

features namely audio alarm and visual indicators, the wastes segregation capacity, and

the online monitoring of garbage status were incorporated.

Another smart system equipped with ultrasonic sensors and GPS features was

presented by Fei et al. (2017). It was dedicated to an efficient garbage collection of

garbage trucks. It could help in waste management by keeping track of trash bin status

and the location of trash collection trucks. Like any other online system, there is still a

need to test this system in both 4G and 5G environments since it is primarily dependent
on a cloud connection. Tiwari and Nagarathna (2017) developed a solar-powered

monitoring system that could send its status to the Collection, Logistics, Efficiency, and

Notification (CLEAN) system dashboard. It could crush the garbage by the use of

Advanced Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) Machines (ARM) 7 controllers. The

ARM 7 controllers actuated if the ultrasonic sensor detected a full trash bin. It then

triggered the motor for the crushing process. The system was also capable of sending

SMS to the registered user to inform the status of the trash bin, allowing the motor to

be activated. It had also the capability to segregate the garbage as biodegradable or

non-biodegradable. However, the system was not subjected for testing with regards to

the different types of garbage to be crushed.

SYNTHESIS

This research aimed to design and develop an autonomous robot to feasibly

address waste disposal issues in common indoor places. The researchers found a path

toimprove plan by using Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC). And also, they utilized the

Microcontroller unit to control sound, input proximity and IR sensors, and output geared

DC motors through machine learning and electromechanical interface. They simulated

an adaptive algorithm using Mamdani-type FLC model, implemented this algorithm

using C programming language, then downloaded as machine code to a real prototype.

Based on test results, the waste robot accurately detects human involvement, a feature

that would be pivotal in overcoming individual indifferences on waste management.

This research chronicled how a waste management robot prototype was designed and
developed as feasible solution to address waste disposal issues in strategic locations

such as schools, households, offices.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The Theory of Waste Management represents a more in-depth account of the domain

and contains conceptual analyses of waste, the activity upon waste, and a holistic view

of the goals of waste management. Waste Management Theory is founded on the

expectation that waste management is to prevent waste causing harm to human health

and the environment. The proper definition of waste is crucial to constructing a

sustainable agenda of waste management. It is largely the case that current legislation

attends to existing waste. Definitions emerging from this condition may, however,

conflict with the goals of waste prevention, because something that already exists

cannot be prevented from arising. When material is assigned the label of ‘waste’, it will

be treated as such; consequently, despite its explicit wish of waste prevention,

implicitly, legislation essentially amasses waste. The inherent philosophical implication

of such definitions is that they are not able to facilitate a sustainable waste

management system. Therefore, new, dynamic definitions for waste and waste

management must be sought, which can explain why waste is created and can offer an

intrinsic solution for the problem. A radically new approach, based on an object-

oriented modelling language, is presented to define the key concepts of waste

management.
 Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework of the study is presented in Chapter 3 which served

as the guide in the conduct of the study. Further, the study made use of the input-

output model. The figure is divided into three parts, namely: the input, the process, and

the output. The input consists of ideas from related literature and studies, supplies and

materials, tools and equipment, and labor. The process consists of developing,

designing, constructing, assembling, revising, and evaluating. The output is The parts

Present in the Developmental Design of Automatic waste segregator trash bin.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

-Functioning of
the Open/Close
- Any type of
Mechanism
trash Smart Trash
-Detecting the
Trash bin if its
full Bin