Experiment – 1

Aim: Write a C Program to Design Lexical Analyzer which will identify keywords, identifiers,
sentinels, special characters, operators, number of lines in code.
Source Code:
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
// Returns 'true' if the character is a DELIMITER.
bool isDelimiter(char ch){
if (ch == ' ' || ch == '+' || ch == '-' || ch == '*' || ch == '/' || ch == ',' || ch == ';' || ch == '>' ||
ch == '<' || ch == '=' || ch == '(' || ch == ')' || ch == '[' || ch == ']' || ch == '{' || ch == '}')
return (true);
return (false);
}
// Returns 'true' if the character is an OPERATOR.
bool isOperator(char ch){
if (ch == '+' || ch == '-' || ch == '*' || ch == '/' || ch == '>' || ch == '<' || ch == '=')
return (true);
return (false);
}
// Returns 'true' if the string is a VALID IDENTIFIER.
bool validIdentifier(char* str){
if (str[0] == '0' || str[0] == '1' || str[0] == '2' || str[0] == '3' || str[0] == '4' || str[0] == '5' ||
str[0] == '6' || str[0] == '7' || str[0] == '8' || str[0] == '9' || isDelimiter(str[0]) == true)
return (false);
return (true);
}
// Returns 'true' if the string is a KEYWORD.
bool isKeyword(char* str){
if (!strcmp(str, "if") || !strcmp(str, "else") ||!strcmp(str, "while") || !strcmp(str, "do") ||
!strcmp(str, "break") || !strcmp(str, "continue") || !strcmp(str, "int")|| !strcmp(str, "double") || !
strcmp(str, "float")
|| !strcmp(str, "return") || !strcmp(str, "char")|| !strcmp(str, "case") || !strcmp(str, "char")
|| !strcmp(str, "sizeof") || !strcmp(str, "long") || !strcmp(str, "short") || !strcmp(str, "typedef")
|| !strcmp(str, "switch") || !strcmp(str, "unsigned") || !strcmp(str, "void") || !strcmp(str, "static")
|| !strcmp(str, "struct") || !strcmp(str, "goto"))
return (true);
return (false);
}
// Returns 'true' if the string is an INTEGER.
bool isInteger(char* str){
int i, len = strlen(str);
if (len == 0)
return (false);
for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
if (str[i] != '0' && str[i] != '1' && str[i] != '2'&& str[i] != '3' && str[i] != '4' && str[i] !=

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'5'&& str[i] != '6' && str[i] != '7' && str[i] != '8'&& str[i] != '9' || (str[i] == '-' && i > 0))
return (false);
}
return (true);
}
// Returns 'true' if the string is a REAL NUMBER.
bool isRealNumber(char* str){
int i, len = strlen(str);
bool hasDecimal = false;
if (len == 0)
return (false);
for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
if (str[i] != '0' && str[i] != '1' && str[i] != '2' && str[i] != '3' && str[i] != '4' && str[i] !=
'5' && str[i] != '6' && str[i] != '7' && str[i] != '8' && str[i] != '9' && str[i] != '.' ||
(str[i] == '-' && i > 0))
return (false);
if (str[i] == '.')
hasDecimal = true;
}
return (hasDecimal);
}
// Extracts the SUBSTRING.
char* subString(char* str, int left, int right){
int i;
char* subStr = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char) * (right - left + 2));
for (i = left; i <= right; i++)
subStr[i - left] = str[i];
subStr[right - left + 1] = '\0';
return (subStr);
}
// Parsing the input STRING.
void parse(char* str){
int left = 0, right = 0;
int len = strlen(str);
while (right <= len && left <= right) {
if (isDelimiter(str[right]) == false)
right++;
if (isDelimiter(str[right]) == true && left == right) {
if (isOperator(str[right]) == true)
printf("'%c' IS AN OPERATOR\n", str[right]);
right++;
left = right;
}
else if (isDelimiter(str[right]) == true && left != right || (right == len && left != right)) {
char* subStr = subString(str, left, right - 1);
if (isKeyword(subStr) == true)
printf("'%s' IS A KEYWORD\n", subStr);
else if (isInteger(subStr) == true)
printf("'%s' IS AN INTEGER\n", subStr);
else if (isRealNumber(subStr) == true)
printf("'%s' IS A REAL NUMBER\n", subStr);
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 else if (validIdentifier(subStr) == true
&& isDelimiter(str[right - 1]) == false)
printf("'%s' IS A VALID IDENTIFIER\n", subStr);
else if (validIdentifier(subStr) == false && isDelimiter(str[right - 1]) == false)
printf("'%s' IS NOT A VALID IDENTIFIER\n", subStr);
left = right;
}
}
return;
}
// DRIVER FUNCTION
int main(){
// maximum length of string is 100 here
char str[100] = "int a = 5; ";
parse(str); // calling the parse function
return (0);
}

Output:

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 Experiment – 2

Aim: Write a program to construct a DFA to check the acceptance of an identifier.

Source Code:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
int main(){
int initial_state = 1,len,current_state = 1;
char a,b,str[10];
printf("Enter IDENTIFIER : ");
scanf("%s",str);
len = strlen(str);
if(str[0]>= 97 && str[0]<= 122 || str[0] >= 65 && str[0] <= 90){
if (initial_state == 1){
current_state = 2;
}
for (int i=1;i<=len;i++){
if(current_state==2 &&(str[i]>=97 && str[i]<=122 || str[i]>=65 &&
str[i]<=90) || (str[i]>=0
&& str[i]<=9) || (str[i]=='_')){
current_state = 2;
}
}
}
else{
printf("\n String is Rejected.");
}
if( current_state == 2 )
printf("\n The Identifier entered is correct and the final state is: %d",current_state);
}

Output:

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 Experiment – 3

Aim: Write a program to construct a DFA to check the acceptance of an identifier.

Source Code:
%{ #include<stdio.h>
%}
LETTER [_a-zA-Z]
DIGIT [0-9]
%%
for|while|int {printf("Recognized keyword is %s\n",yytext);
}
{LETTER}({LETTER}|{DIGIT})* {printf("Recognized identifier is %s\n",yytext);
}
%%
main()
{
printf("Enter any string:");
yylex();
}

yywrap()
{
return 0;
}

Output:

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