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Class 9th Chapter 6 Tissues Part 2

This document provides information about plant tissues. It discusses the epidermis, which is the outermost layer covering the entire plant. It contains single flat cells with thick outer walls. Stomata are pore structures enclosed by guard cells that allow for gas exchange. Cork is hardened epidermis that protects older plants. It also describes xylem and phloem, the two complex permanent tissues. Xylem contains dead water-conducting cells and provides support. Phloem contains living cells and transports food throughout the plant. Both tissues have vascular bundles and conduct fluids vertically and horizontally.

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148 views6 pages

Class 9th Chapter 6 Tissues Part 2

This document provides information about plant tissues. It discusses the epidermis, which is the outermost layer covering the entire plant. It contains single flat cells with thick outer walls. Stomata are pore structures enclosed by guard cells that allow for gas exchange. Cork is hardened epidermis that protects older plants. It also describes xylem and phloem, the two complex permanent tissues. Xylem contains dead water-conducting cells and provides support. Phloem contains living cells and transports food throughout the plant. Both tissues have vascular bundles and conduct fluids vertically and horizontally.

Uploaded by

Rhythm Mishra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class IX Biology

Chapter 6 Tissue (Part 2)

Learning Objective:

Structure and function of Epidermis and cork.

Complex permanent tissue- Xylem and Phloem.

Differentiation between Xylem and Phloem

Draw diagram of Epidermal cells and complex tissues.


Epidermis
 The outermost layer of the cell is known as the Epidermis.
 It covers the entire plant.
 It is a thin layer of single cells but in places with less water, the epidermis of the plants can become thick in order to avoid
frequent water loss.
 The cells are flat and they have no intercellular spaces between them.
 The outer walls of the epidermal cells are thick and the inner walls are thin.
 The epidermal cells often have long hair-like structures in roots which facilitate the absorption of water.
 The main function of the epidermis is to protect the plants from fungi, water loss and any injuries by secrets a wax-like water-
resistant substance called as Cuticle on the surface of the plants which protects the plants.

Diagram of Guard cells and Epidermal cells


Stomata
 Stomata are pore-like structures that are present in the epidermis of the leaves.
 These pores are enclosed by two cells that have a similar shape as a kidney. These are
called Guard Cells of Stomata. Guard cells are modified epidermal cells.
 Guard cells are responsible for the exchange of gases and transpiration.

Cork
As plants grow older, epidermis undergoes certain changes and transforms into phellogen or cork. The cambium cells of cork
are rectangular and are dead. The walls of cork cells are heavily thickened by the deposition of suberin which makes these
cells impermeable to water and gases. Cork cells prevent desiccation, infection and mechanical injury .
Complex Permanent Tissues
Complex Permanent Tissues comprise of different kinds of cells. These different types of cells coordinate with each other and
perform a common function in these tissues. Two Complex Permanent Tissues are - Xylem and Phloem.
Similarities between Xylem and Phloem
Their main function is to carry food and water in the plant.
Both have a vascular bundle which is a conductive tissue in plants that helps them survive in different environmental conditions.
Xylem
Xylem is made up of dead cells having a thick cell lining. It consists of following elements-
Tracheids and Vessels – They have broad tubular structure so that can allow transportation of minerals and water in the plants
vertically.
Xylem Parenchyma – It stores food and helps in transportation of water horizontally in the plants.
Xylem Fibers – They provide mechanical support .
Phloem
Phloem is made up of living cells and it allows the movement of food from leaves to other parts of the plant. It has the following
elements –
Sieve Tubes – are slender tube like structures with perforated walls.
Companion Cells – They facilitate the functions of the sieve tubes
Phloem Fibers – Provide flexibility to the phloem
Phloem Parenchyma – Stores starch and proteins.
Section of Phloem

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