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Standalone and Rac Database Differences Classnotes

The document compares standalone and RAC databases. A standalone database has a single instance, while RAC uses multiple instances with additional components like GRD. RAC instances each have their own processes, memory components, undo tablespaces in shared storage. RAC also requires additional licenses and configuration of components like redo logs, archives, and parameter files across instances.

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Manohar Sankar
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109 views

Standalone and Rac Database Differences Classnotes

The document compares standalone and RAC databases. A standalone database has a single instance, while RAC uses multiple instances with additional components like GRD. RAC instances each have their own processes, memory components, undo tablespaces in shared storage. RAC also requires additional licenses and configuration of components like redo logs, archives, and parameter files across instances.

Uploaded by

Manohar Sankar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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what is differences between standalone database and RAC database.

standalone database RAC database.

1. only one instance multiple instances

2. SGA,PGA additional memory component is introduced in RAC .ie GRD


Global resource directory.

3. background process additional background process in rac is lmon,lms,lmd,lck


smon,pmon,dbwr,lgwr and diag,acms,gtx,ping etc
ckpt etc

4. only one undo tablespace Every instance has its own undo tablespace which should
is required in the shared storage.

5. 2 redolog group is Every instance has its own thread, thread is consists
mandatory. of minimum 2 redolog groups and should be in shared storage

redo_%T_%R_%S.arc,T-thread number,R -resetlogs,S-


sequence number

6. datafiles,controlfiles datafiles,controlfiles,tempfiles should shared


tempfiles in local filesystem.
filesystem.

7. only alert logfile Every instance has its own alert logfile.
will be there

8. only one oracle home every node has its own oracle home in local filesystem
or will maintain the
will be there shared oracle home in shared filesytem.

9. only rdbms license rdbms license + rac license

10. alter system switch alter system archive log current or alter system switch
logfile all logfile(it will do switch all nodes)

11. only one set of archives Every instance has its own archives which should be
will be there. on the shared storage.

12. if instance is crashed if one instance is crashed then other instance smon
in the next startup mount will do the instance recovery until that GRD will get
state smon will do the freezed that is reason will keep undo tablespace and
isntance recovery. archives and redologs(threads) in shared location.

13. only parameter file Every instance has its own parameter file and also
will be there we can maintain common pfile/spfile in shared storage.

drawbacks of 10g RAC:

we cant place the OCR file and voting disk in ASM diskgroups because at the time of
cluster software installation ocrfile and votingdisk will be created and ASM is not
ready at that time because in oracle 10g ASM is included with rdbms software so
after rdbms software only ASM instance will be started and ASM diskgroups will be
mounted so we cant place ocr file and voting disk in ASM diskgroup in oracle 10g
rac.
database components --instance + CRD files

rac components -- ocrfile and voting disk.

11gRAC /12c RAC:

ASM is included with rac software that is called grid infrastructure.

when will install the grid software it will automatically starts the ASM instance
and it will mounts the ASM diskgroups so we can store the ocrfile and votingdisk
in ASM diskgroups.

OHASD oracle high availability service daemon is newly introduced from oracle 11gr2
onwards.

what are the different storage options/clusterfilesystem are available in RAC

1. rawdevices/rawfilesystem.

rawdevices is also called block devices.

will take the storage and will do the partitions(storageadmin) and will do the
rawdevice mapping (in /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices by linux admin) and will mount as
rawfilesytem (in /etc/fstab by linux admin)

raw filesystem is also called block fielsystem.


we can create 256 partitions in a disk
we cant expand/shrink the raw partiion once created
we can store only one file in a partition
rawfilesystem performance wise good
rawfilesystem backup and recovery is difficult
there is no proper formatting software on raw filesystem.

2. ocfs/ocfs2 filesystem.

ocfs is oracle own cluster filesystem which is introduced from oracle 9i but
it will supports only for linux and windows.

ocfs2 is the latest version

we need install the ocfs related rpms (packages)


we need to enable the o2cb(./o2cb enable)
invoke ocfs console
and register the filesystem in /etc/fstab to mount the filesystem when os booted
automatically.

3. thirdparty cluster filesystem.

we have veritas cluster fileystem or QFS,GPFS etc

4. ASM cluster filesystem

from oracle 11gr2 onwards every one will use ASM as ASM cluster filesystem.

ASM is the backbone for the RAC.

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