Institute of Actuaries of India

ACET November 2022 Solutions

Mathematics
1. B. It is known that −1 ≤ cos 𝑥 ≤ 1. this implies that −1 ≤ 1 − 2 cos 𝑥 ≤ 3 and
1 1
must be less than or equal to −1 or greater than or equal to 3.
1−2 cos 𝑥
1 1
Hence the range of 𝑓(𝑥) = 1−2 cos 𝑥 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 is (−∞, −1] ∪ [3 , ∞).

1
2. C. Given that 𝑓(𝑥) = (4 − 𝑥 4 )4 . Then
1
1 1 4 4 1
𝑓 ∘ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 ((4 − 𝑥 4 )4 ) = [4 − {(4 − 𝑥 4 )4 } ] = [4 − 4 + 𝑥 4 ]4 = 𝑥.

√3 √3 𝜋 𝜋
3. D. Let cos −1 = 𝜃 ⟹ cos 𝜃 = = cos 6 ⟹ 𝜃 = 6 𝜖[0, 𝜋].
2 2
√3 𝜋
Hence the principal value of cos−1 is 6 .
2

4. B. 𝑥 = +√𝑥 + 6 is defined if 𝑥 + 6 > 0, so 𝑥 > 0. Now, 𝑥 2 = 𝑥 + 6 or 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 6 =

0, giving (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 2) = 0.
Since 𝑥 > 0, the solution of the equation is 3.
8 8 𝐴 𝐵
5. C. One can write 𝑛2 −4𝑛+3 = (𝑛−3)(𝑛−1) = 𝑛−3 + 𝑛−1.

This implies 8 = 𝐴(𝑛 − 1) + 𝐵(𝑛 − 3) giving 𝐴 = 4, 𝐵 = −4. Hence,

∞ ∞
8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
∑ 2 = ∑4[ − ] = 4 {[1 − ] + [ − ] + [ − ] + ⋯ }
𝑛 − 4𝑛 + 3 𝑛−3 𝑛−1 3 2 4 3 5
𝑛=4 𝑛=4
1
= 4 (1 + ) = 6.
2
1+2+⋯+𝑛 𝑛(𝑛+1) (𝑛+1) (𝑛+1)2
6. A. 𝑆𝑛 = = = ; 𝑆𝑛2 = . Hence,
3𝑛 6𝑛 6 36
20 20
(𝑛 + 1)2 22 + 32 + ⋯ + 212 (12 + 22 + 32 + ⋯ + 212 ) − 1
∑ 𝑆𝑛2 =∑ = =
36 36 36
𝑛=1 𝑛=1
1 21 × 22 × 43 1 1
= ( − 1) = × 3310 = × 𝑆.
36 6 36 36

4 12
7. D. Given that sin 𝑥 = 5 (in I quadrant) and cos 𝑦 = − 13 (in II quadrant).

16 3 3
cos 𝑥 = ±√1 − sin2 𝑥 = ±√1 − 25 = ± 5 = 5 (cos 𝑥 is positive in I quadrant).

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 144 5 5
sin 𝑦 = ±√1 − cos2 𝑦 = ±√1 − 169 = ± 13 = 13 (sin𝑦 is positive in II quadrant).
4 −12 3 5 33
Hence, sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) = sin 𝑥 cos 𝑦 + cos 𝑥 sin 𝑦 = 5 . 13 + 5 . 13 = − 65.

8. B. Given that 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 has roots 𝛼 and 𝛽. Then 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 2 and 𝛼𝛽 = 𝑐.

𝛼 𝛼
Similarly, 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 has roots and 2𝛽, which implies 2 + 2𝛽 = 3 and 𝛼𝛽 =
2
𝑐.
𝛼 2 4 8
Solving 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 2 and 2 + 2𝛽 = 3, one has 𝛼 = 3 and 𝛽 = 3 giving 𝑐 = 𝛼𝛽 = 9.

9. A. ⃗⃗ are (3, −4,1).

The direction ratios of the vector 𝑎⃗ = 3𝑖⃗ − 4𝑗⃗ + 𝑘
|𝑎⃗| = √32 + (−4)2 + 12 = √26
3 −4 1
Hence, the direction cosines of the vector 𝑎⃗ are ( , , ).
√26 √26 √26

10. C. The two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are

⃗⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 2𝑖⃗ − 3𝑗⃗ − 4𝑘
𝑎⃗ = 3𝑖⃗ − 5𝑗⃗ + 6𝑘 ⃗⃗ .
Hence, the diagonal of the parallelogram
𝑐⃗ = 𝑎⃗ + ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑏 = (3𝑖⃗ − 5𝑗⃗ + 6𝑘 ⃗⃗ ) + (2𝑖⃗ − 3𝑗⃗ − 4𝑘
⃗⃗ ) = 5𝑖⃗ − 8𝑗⃗ + 2𝑘
⃗⃗ .
|𝑐⃗| = √52 + (−8)2 + 22 = √93. Hence a unit vector parallel to the diagonal is
𝑐⃗ 1
= ⃗⃗ ).
(5𝑖⃗ − 8𝑗⃗ + 2𝑘
|𝑐⃗| √93

(1 − cos 2𝑥)(2 + cos 𝑥) (2 sin2 𝑥)(2 + cos 𝑥)

11. D. lim = lim
𝑥→0 𝑥 tan 3𝑥 𝑥→0 tan 3𝑥
𝑥 3𝑥 3𝑥
2 sin2 𝑥 2 + cos 𝑥 1
= lim × lim × lim = 2 × 1 × 1 = 2.
𝑥→0 𝑥 2 𝑥→0 3 𝑥→0 tan 3𝑥
3𝑥

12. B. Given that log(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 3𝑥𝑦. Differentiating with respect to 𝑥, we have

1 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦 1
(𝑥+𝑦)
(1 + 𝑑𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 3𝑦. This gives (𝑥+𝑦)
+ 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥+𝑦 − 3𝑥) = 3𝑦.
1
𝑑𝑦 3𝑦− 3𝑦(𝑥+𝑦)−1
𝑥+𝑦
Hence, 𝑑𝑥 = 1 = 1−3𝑥(𝑥+𝑦).
−3𝑥
𝑥+𝑦

Now, when 𝑥 = 0, log( 𝑥 + 𝑦) = 3𝑥𝑦 implies log 𝑦 = 0 and 𝑦 = 1.

𝑑𝑦
Hence, 𝑑𝑥 = 2.

13. A. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥𝑒 𝑥(1−𝑥) then

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥(1−𝑥) + 𝑥𝑒 𝑥(1−𝑥) (1 − 2𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥(1−𝑥) [1 + 𝑥(1 − 2𝑥)]
= 𝑒 𝑥(1−𝑥) [1 + 𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 ] = −𝑒 𝑥(1−𝑥) [2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 1]
= −𝑒 𝑥(1−𝑥) (𝑥 − 1)(2𝑥 + 1).
The right-hand side will be positive only if (𝑥 − 1)(2𝑥 + 1) < 0 and it is possible

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 only if one of them is positive and the other is negative.
Both (𝑥 − 1) > 0 and (2𝑥 + 1) < 0 are not possible. The set of 𝑥 for which
1
(𝑥 − 1) < 0 and (2𝑥 + 1) > 0 is (− , 1).
2

14. B. ∫(tan 𝑥 + cot 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(tan2 𝑥 + cot 2 𝑥 + 2 tan 𝑥 cot 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

= ∫{(sec 2 𝑥 − 1) + (cosec 2 𝑥 − 1) + 2}𝑑𝑥

= ∫(sec 2 𝑥 + cosec 2 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = tan 𝑥 − cot 𝑥 + 𝑐.

15. D. 3 0 1 3
∫ |𝑥 3 − 𝑥| 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ |𝑥 3 − 𝑥| 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ |𝑥 3 − 𝑥| 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ |𝑥 3 − 𝑥| 𝑑𝑥
−1 −1 0 1
≥ 0 on [−1,0)
3
Now, 𝑥 − 𝑥 { ≤ 0 on [0,1)
≥ 0 on [1,3].
Hence,
3 0 1 3
∫ |𝑥 3 − 𝑥| 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (𝑥 3 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ −(𝑥 3 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (𝑥 3 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
−1 −1 0 1
4 2 0 2 4 1 4 2 3
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
=[ − ]| + [ − ]| + [ − ]|
4 2 −1 2 4 0 4 2 1
1 1 1 1 81 9 1 1 33
= −[ − ]+[ − ]+[ − ]−[ − ] = .
4 2 2 4 4 2 4 2 2

16. A. The given relation

3𝑖 −4𝑖 1
|2 4𝑖 −1| = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦
10 4 𝑖
implies
3𝑖 1 1
−4𝑖 | 2 −1 −1| = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 ⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑦 = 0..
10 𝑖 𝑖

17. C. Given that

cos 𝜃 − sin 𝜃
𝐴=[ ],
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
then
cos 𝜃 − sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 − sin 𝜃
𝐴2 = [ ][ ]
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
=[ cos 2 𝜃 − sin2 𝜃 − sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 − cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃] = [cos2 𝜃 − sin2 𝜃
]
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 + cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 − sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 sin2 𝜃 cos2 𝜃
cos 𝜋 − sin 𝜋 −1 0
= [ ]=[ ].
sin 𝜋 cos 𝜋 0 −1

18. D. Given that

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 0 3𝑞 𝑟
𝐴 = [𝑝 𝑞 −𝑟].
𝑝 −𝑞 𝑟
Hence
0 𝑝 𝑝
𝐴𝑇 = [3𝑞 𝑞 −𝑞 ].
𝑟 −𝑟 𝑟
Now, 𝐴𝐴𝑇 = 𝐼 implies
9𝑞 2 + 𝑟 2 3𝑞 2 − 𝑟 2 −3𝑞 2 + 𝑟 2 1 0 0
[ 3𝑞 2 − 𝑟 2 𝑝2 + 𝑞 2 + 𝑟 2 𝑝2 − 𝑞 2 − 𝑟 2 ] = [0 1 0].
−3𝑞 2 + 𝑟 2 𝑝2 − 𝑞 2 − 𝑟 2 𝑝2 + 𝑞 2 + 𝑟 2 0 0 1
This gives 9𝑞 2 + 𝑟 2 = 1; 3𝑞 2 = 𝑟 2 ; 𝑝2 − 𝑞 2 − 𝑟 2 = 0.
These give 𝑝2 = 4𝑞 2 and 9𝑞 2 + 3𝑞 2 = 12 𝑞 2 = 1.
1 1
Hence 𝑝2 = 3 giving |𝑝|= .
√3

19. A. Given that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 1. Hence 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 − 2.

With the given initial value 𝑥0 = 1,
𝑓(1) = 𝑒 1 − 2 × 1 − 1 = 𝑒 − 3 = 2.7183 − 3 = −0.2817.
𝑓 ′ (1) = 𝑒 1 − 2 = 2.7183 − 2 = 0.7183.
𝑓(𝑥 ) −0.2817
Hence, the first iteration, 𝑥1 = 𝑥0 − 𝑓′ (𝑥0 ) = 1 − = 1 + 0.3922 = 1.3922.
0 0.7183

Now, 𝑓(1.3922) = 𝑒 1.3922 − 2 × 1.3922 − 1

= 𝑒 1 × 𝑒 0.3922 − 2 × 1.3922 − 1
= 2.7183 × 1.4802 − 2 × 1.3922 − 1
= 4.0236 − 2.7844 − 1 = 0.2392.
Similarly, 𝑓 ′ (1.3922) = 𝑒 1.3922 − 2 = 4.0237 − 2 = 2.0236.
Hence, the second iteration,
𝑓(𝑥1 ) 0.2393
𝑥2 = 𝑥1 − = 1.3922 − = 1.3922 − 0.1182 = 1.2740.
𝑓 ′ (𝑥1 ) 2.0236

1 1
20. A. 𝑦 = 1+𝑥 with ℎ = 2 we have the following table.

x 0 1 1
2
y 1 2 1
3 2
1
1 ℎ 1 1 2 17
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = [(𝑦0 + 𝑦2 ) + 2𝑦1 ] = [(1 + ) + 2 × ] = .
0 1+𝑥 2 4 2 3 24

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 Statistics

21. D. Total number of arrangements of the letters of the word “ATTITUDE” is 8! .

3!
Other than three T’s, there are five letters which can be arranged in 5! ways. In each
arrangement of these 5 letters there are 6 places, 4 between the 5 letters and one on
extreme left and the other on extreme right. To separate 3 T’s, arrange them in 6
places. This can be done in (63) ways.
So the number of ways in which no two T’s are together is 5! × (63).
Required probability is
5! × (63) 5! × 6! × 3! 5
= = .
8! 3! × 3! × 8! 14
3!

3 1 1 1 3 3
22. B. 𝑃(𝐹) = 5. 𝑃(𝐸|𝐹) = 2 ⇒ 𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 2 × 𝑃(𝐹) = 2 × 5 = 10.
𝑃(𝐸 ∪ 𝐹) = 𝑃(𝐸) + 𝑃(𝐹) − 𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹).
4 3 3 1
⇒ 5 = 𝑃(𝐸) + 5 − 10 ⇒ 𝑃(𝐸) = 2.

sum of 𝑛+1 observations sum of 𝑛 observations+𝑥 𝑛𝑥̅ 𝑛 +𝑥

23. C. 𝑥̅𝑛+1 = = = .
𝑛+1 𝑛+1 𝑛+1

24. A. Suppose the ordered observations are 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏 ≤ 𝑐 ≤ 𝑑. Median = 𝑏+𝑐. We have

2
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐+𝑑
Mean = = 12, Range = 𝑑 − 𝑎 = 20 and smallest observation = 𝑎 = 5.
4

So 𝑑 = 20 + 𝑎 = 20 + 5 = 25.
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐+𝑑
= 12 ⇒ 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 48 − 𝑎 − 𝑑 = 48 − 5 − 25 = 18.
4
𝑏+𝑐 18
Median = = = 9.
2 2

25. B. Probability distribution of 𝑋.

𝑥 23 24 25 26 27
𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) 2 4 2 3 1
12 12 12 12 12
Probability that the age is more than 25 is
3 1 1
𝑃(𝑋 > 25) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 26) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 27) = 12 + 12 = 3.

26. D. Let 𝐴𝑖 be the event that order 𝑖 is not shipped on time.

𝑃(𝐴𝑖 ) = 0.10, 𝑖 = 1, 2, 3
Probability that exactly one order is not shipped on time, computed from the

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 binomial distribution with parameters 3 and 0.10, is
3
( ) × 0.9 × 0.9 × 0.1 = 3 × 0.081 = 0.243.
1

27. D. Let the observations be 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , … , 𝑥20 .

∑20 20 20
𝑖=1(𝑥𝑖 − 10) = 50. This implies ∑𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 − 20 × 10 = 50. So ∑𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 = 250.
∑20
𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 250
Mean of the observations is = = 12.5.
20 20

28. A. The smallest observation is 1 and largest observation is 37. Range = 37 − 1 = 36.
Observations are ordered. Median = (25th obs. + 26th obs.) /2 = (4 + 5)/2 = 4.5.
The distribution is positively skewed.
The mean should be larger than median for a positively skewed distribution.

29. B. 𝐶 = event that a claim is filed

𝐴1 = event that the client is high-risk
𝐴2 = event that the client is medium-risk
𝐴3 = event that the client is low-risk
𝑃(𝐶|𝐴1 ) = 0.02, 𝑃(𝐶|𝐴2 ) = 0.01, 𝑃(𝐶|𝐴3 ) = 0.0025.
𝑃(𝐴1 ) = 0.10, 𝑃(𝐴2 ) = 0.30, 𝑃(𝐴3 ) = 0.60.
𝑃(𝐶) = 𝑃(𝐶|𝐴1 )𝑃(𝐴1 ) + 𝑃(𝐶|𝐴2 )𝑃(𝐴2 ) + 𝑃(𝐶|𝐴3 )𝑃(𝐴3 )
= 0.02 × 0.10 + 0.01 × 0.3 + 0.0025 × 0.60
= 0.002 + 0.003 + 0.0015 = 0.0065.
0.02 × 0.10 4
𝑃(𝐴1 |𝐶) = = .
0.0065 13

30. A. The expected number of red lights she hit each day is
5

𝐸(𝑋) = ∑ 𝑥𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥)
𝑥=0

= 0 × 0.05 + 1 × 0.25 + 2 × 0.30 + 3 × 0.20 + 4 × 0.15 + 5 × 0.05 = 2.3.

𝑎 1 𝑎
31. C. 𝑃(−𝑎 < 𝑋 < 𝑎) = ∫−𝑎 𝑑𝑥 = = 0.95. So 𝑎 = 1.90.
4 2

32. B. 𝑃(𝑋 = 3) = 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 3) − 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 2) = 𝐹(3) − 𝐹(2) = 0.6 − 0.3 = 0.3.

𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 3) = 1 − 𝑃(𝑋 < 3) = 1 − 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 2) = 1 − 𝐹(2) = 1 − 0.3 = 0.7.
𝑃(𝑋 = 3, 𝑋 ≥ 3) 𝑃(𝑋 = 3) 3
𝑃(𝑋 = 3|𝑋 ≥ 3) = = = .
𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 3) 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 3) 7

33. A. 𝑌 = 5 + 0.5𝑋. 𝐸(𝑌) = 5 + 0.5𝐸(𝑋).

𝑥2
∞ 1
𝐸(𝑋) = ∫−∞ 𝑥 𝑒 − 2 𝑑𝑥 = 0. So 𝐸(𝑌) = 5 + 0.5 × 0 = 5.
√2𝜋

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 25
𝐸(𝑌 − 𝐸(𝑌)) = 𝐸(5 + 0.5𝑋 − 5)25 = 𝐸(0.5𝑋)25 = (0.5)25 𝐸(𝑋 25 ).
∞ 𝑥2
1
𝐸(𝑋 25 ) = ∫ 𝑥 25 𝑒 − 2 𝑑𝑥 = 0.
−∞ √2𝜋
25
So 𝐸(𝑌 − 5) = 0.

𝑏 1 𝑎+𝑏
34. B. Mean of the distribution is = ∫𝑎 𝑑𝑥 = .
𝑏−𝑎 2

𝑥0.25 : 25th percentile of the distribution.

𝑥 1 𝑥0.25 −𝑎
𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 𝑥0.25 ) = 0.25 ⇒ ∫𝑎 0.25 𝑏−𝑎 𝑑𝑥 = 0.25 ⇒ = 0.25
𝑏−𝑎

⇒ 𝑥0.25 = 𝑎 + 0.25(𝑏 − 𝑎) = 0.75𝑎 + 0.25𝑏

𝑎+𝑏
So = 8 and 0.75𝑎 + 0.25𝑏 = 6. This implies 𝑎 = 4, 𝑏 = 12.
2

90th percentile of the distribution = 𝑎 + 0.90(𝑏 − 𝑎) = 4 + 0.90 × 8 = 11.2.

35. C. 𝑃𝑋 = 2, 𝑌 ≥ 1 = 𝑃(𝑋 = 2)𝑃(𝑌 ≥ 1) (since 𝑋 and 𝑌 are independent)

1 1 1 1 2
= (𝑃(𝑌 = 1) + 𝑃(𝑌 = 2)) = ( + ) = .
3 3 3 3 9

36. A. Let 𝑋 be the number of cracks in 6 kilometres of highway.

𝑋 ∼Poisson(18).
Required probability = 𝑃(𝑋 = 0) = 𝑒 −18 .

37. D. Let 𝑋 be the random variable denoting the time to failure of the component.
∞ 𝑥 200
1
Required probability = 𝑃(𝑋 > 200) = ∫200 100 𝑒 −100 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 −100 = 𝑒 −2 .

38. B. Assume that Regression of 𝑥 on 𝑦 is 𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 3 = 0. This implies 𝑥 = −4𝑦 − 3

4 1
Regression of 𝑦 on 𝑥 is 4𝑥 + 9𝑦 + 1 = 0. This implies 𝑦 = − 9 𝑥 − 9.
4 16
Then 𝑟 2 = the product of regression coefficients is −4 × (− 9) = >1
9

This is not possible. So the regression of 𝑥 on 𝑦 is 4𝑥 + 9𝑦 + 1 = 0 and the

regression of 𝑦 on 𝑥 is 𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 3 = 0.
9
Regression coefficient of 𝑥 on 𝑦 is − .
4
1
Regression coefficient of 𝑦 on 𝑥 is − 4.
9 1 9
𝑟 2 = (− 4) × (− 4) = 36.
3
𝑟 = − 4 = −0.75. (Sign is negatives as sign of regression coefficient is negative.)
Note that 𝑥̅ and 𝑦̅ satisfy both the regression equations. Therefore, by solving 𝑥 +
23 11
4𝑦 + 3 = 0 and 4𝑥 + 9𝑦 + 1 = 0, we get 𝑥̅ = 7 and 𝑦̅ = − 7 .

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39. B. 𝑃(𝑌 = 3|𝑋 = 1) = 𝑃(𝑋=1,𝑌=3).
𝑃(𝑋=1)

𝑃(𝑋 = 1)
= 𝑃(𝑋 = 1, 𝑌 = 0) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 1, 𝑌 = 1) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 1, 𝑌 = 2) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 1, 𝑌 = 3)
= 0 + 1⁄8 + 2⁄8 + 1⁄8 = 1⁄2.
1⁄8 1
𝑃(𝑌 = 3|𝑋 = 1) = 1⁄2 = 4.

cov(𝑌1 ,𝑌2 )
40. C. corr(𝑌1 , 𝑌2 ) = .
√var(𝑌1 )var(𝑌2 )

𝑋1 and 𝑋2 are independent, so cov(𝑋1 , 𝑋2 ) = 0.

cov(𝑌1 , 𝑌2 ) = cov(𝑎11 𝑋1 + 𝑎12 𝑋2 , 𝑎21 𝑋1 + 𝑎22 𝑋2 )
= 𝑎11 𝑎21 .var(𝑋1 ) + 𝑎11 𝑎22cov(𝑋1 , 𝑋2 ) +𝑎12 𝑎21cov(𝑋2 , 𝑋1 )+ 𝑎12 𝑎22 var(𝑋2 )
= 𝑎11 𝑎21 𝜎12 + 𝑎12 𝑎22 𝜎22 .
2 2 2 2 2 2
var(𝑌1 ) = 𝑎11 var(𝑋1 ) +2𝑎11 𝑎12 cov(𝑋1 , 𝑋2 ) + 𝑎12 var(𝑋2 ) = 𝑎11 𝜎1 + 𝑎12 𝜎2 .
2 2 2
var(𝑌2 ) = 𝑎21 var(𝑋1 ) +2𝑎21 𝑎22 cov(𝑋1 , 𝑋2 ) + 𝑎22 var(𝑋2 ) = 𝑎21 𝜎12 + 𝑎22
2
𝜎22 .

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 Data Interpretation
41. B. Number of total drivers under 20 = 51 + 9 = 60.
Total number of drivers = 968 + 432 = 1400.
The percentage of total drivers under 20 = (60/1400) × 100 = 4.3 (approx.).

42. B. The number of male drivers in the age group 25-44 = 92 + 95 + 97 + 99 =

383. Similarly, the number of female drivers in the age group 25-44 = 43 +
45 + 63 + 61 = 212.

43. B. Number of male drivers in the age group 30-59 = 95 + 97 + 99 + 106 + 111 +
87 = 595.
Number of female drivers in the age group 30-59 = 45 + 63 + 61 + 54 + 49 +
33 = 305.
Total number of drivers in the age group 30-59 = 595 + 305 = 900.
900×100
Percentage of drivers in the age group 30-59 = = 64.3 (approximately).
1400

44. D. Total number of gold medals = 280.

Percentage of gold medals won by Australia and England = (67 + 57) × 100/280
= 124 × 100/280 = 44.3 (approx.).
Number of countries which won at least 6 gold medals is 13.
Number of countries which won less than 4 gold medals is 12.
Percentage of gold medals won by Australia, England, Canada and India
172
= (67 + 57 + 26 + 22) × 100/280 = (280) × 100 = 61.4 (approx.).

45. A. Chart shows that the maximum number of fatalities occur in 1995 and the
minimum number of fatalities occur in 2010.

46. D. There is negative correlation in (b).

No linear relationship in (d). So 0.022 must be related to (d).
Positive correlation is related to (e) and (f). There is strong positive correlation in
(e). So 0.974 is related to (e ) and 0.333 must be related to (f ).

47. B. Negative correlation is related to (a), (b) and (c).

There is strong negative correlation in (a). −0.987 must be related to (a).
Correlation in (c) is stronger than (b) but weaker than (a).
Therefore, −0.889 must be related to (c) and −0.522 must be related to (b).
There is a weak positive correlation in (f).

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48. C. The chart shows that C3, C5, C10 and C12 have no industrial portion.

49. A. The chart shows that C2, C9, C15 and C16 have no vacant sites portion.

50. D. From the chart, it is seen that C3 is having highest percentage of residential property
and C17 is having second highest.

51. D. The chart shows that C13 is having highest percentage of vacant sites – about 55%.

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 English
52. A.
53. A.
54. D.
55. C.
56. C.
57. A.
58. D.
59. C.
60. C.
61. C.
62. A.

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 Logical reasoning
63. D. The only sister of the brother of the woman will be the woman herself and she is the
mother of that man. Thus, the woman is the daughter of the maternal grandmother
of that man.

64. B. 1896 was a leap year. The next leap year came in 1904 as 1900 was not a leap
year.

65. C. In 12 hours, the hand turns 360 degrees. In 7 hours it will be (360/12) × 7 = 210.
degrees.

66. B. A 5 × 5 × 5 cube has 5 cubes of dimension 1 × 1 × 1 along its length, breadth and
width. If we add a layer of 1 × 1 × 1 cubes (the smaller cubes) then the new cube
will have following dimensions:
Length = 5 + 1 + 1 = 7; breadth= 5 + 1 + 1 = 7 and width= 5 + 1 + 1 = 7.
So the number of 1 × 1 × 1 cubes in it = 7 × 7 × 7 = 343.

67. A. Only one message is true and the other two are false. If the second box has the gift,
then there will be two true messages, which would be on the first and third boxes. If
the third box has the gift, then there will be two true messages, which would be on
the first and second boxes. If the first box has the gift, then there will be one true
message, which would be on the second box. Hence the gift is in the first box.

68. D. The ocean is lake and no sea is a ocean. So no lake can be sea which is Conclusion
II. Some rivers are sea means some rivers are not seas and can be ocean and some
ocean is water therefore water being river can be a possibility which is Conclusion
III.

69. C. The number listening to music only is 113 − 43 − 29 − 18 = 23.

70. B. The movement towards West in the second leg of the journey is cancelled by an
equal movement towards East in the fourth leg. The final position is 17 meters to
the South of the initial position.

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