GE 9 Module3

MODULE 3.
COMPUTER SYSTEM
A. Introduction:
This module will introduce you to the computer system. Knowledge of these
physical components and their functions will enable you to understand how the
parts of a computer relate to one another. It will also help you troubleshoot when
you meet problems in using computer systems.
B. Objectives:
At the end of this module, students are expected to:
1. identify the components of a computer system;
2. identify common input devices and explain its function;
3. identify common output devices and explain its function;
C. Learning Content:
 Computer Systems
 Hardware
 Input Devices
 Output Devices
 Storage Devices
D. Pre-Test:
Match Item in Column A with its correct meaning in column B. Write the letter
of your answer on the blanks.
Column A Column B
1. Computer Part of CPU that extracts instructions, performs
memory execution, maintains and directs operations of entire
system.
2. ALU The physical component of a computer system.
3. Control unit Storage area where data is stored.
4. Touch screen All types of processing, such as comparisons, decision-
making and processing of non-numeric information takes
place here.
5. Hardware Input device which uses sensors to sense touch of users
to get input data.
E. Learning Activities:
Computer Systems
1
Computer systems consist of three components as shown in below image:
Central Processing Unit, Input devices and Output devices. Input devices provide
data input to processor, which processes data and generates useful information
that’s displayed to the user through output devices. This is stored in computer’s
memory.
Central Processing Unit
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is called “the brain of computer” as it

controls operation of all parts of computer. It consists of two components:
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), and Control Unit.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Data entered into computer is sent to RAM, from
where it is then sent to ALU, where rest of data processing takes place. All types of
processing, such as comparisons, decision- making and processing of non-numeric
information takes place here and once again data is moved to RAM.
Control Unit
As name indicates, this part of CPU extracts instructions, performs execution,

maintains and directs operations of entire system.
2
Functions of Control Unit Control:
 It controls all activities of computer

 Supervises flow of data within CPU
 Directs flow of data within CPU
 Transfers data to Arithmetic and Logic Unit
 Transfers results to memory
 Fetches results from memory to output devices
Hardware
Hardware is the physical component of a computer system. It refers to the

electromechanical parts and devices that make up a computer.
Input Devices
Input devices help to get input or data from user. Some of input devices are:
Name Characteristics Image
The keyboard was first peripheral

device to be used with computers. It
Keyboard
helps to input text and numbers into
computer. It consists of 104 keys and
12 functional keys.
A mouse is an input device which is

also called as pointing device because
Mouse
it helps to point data on screen. It also
helps to select, highlight content and
drag-drop controls.
There are few other input devices which help to feed data to the computer. They are as
follows:
A trackball is also a pointing device

which will work like a mouse. It is
Trackballs
mainly used for gaming and
entertainment purpose.
3
A digital pen is another input device
which is mostly used with tablets,
Digital Pens
PDAs, etc. A digital pen is also called as
a Stylus which helps to write or draw
data over pad.
Scanners transform printed material

and photographs into a digital
Scanners
representation. After scanning of
printed material, page is represented
in memory as an array of pixels.
Barcode reader helps to read

information which is printed as bars in
Barcode
back of goods or items. Barcode
readers are most widely used input
devices which we can see in most of
products in our day to day life.
Voice recognition system interprets or

receives dictation or spoken
Voice
commands to authorize user.
recognition
system
A touch screen is an input device

which uses sensors to sense touch of
Touch screen
users to get input data.
Output Devices
Output devices help to display output to user. Some of output devices are:
A monitor is most common type of

output device. It is also called as
Monitors
“Visual Display Unit”. The inputs
given by keyboard or any other
input devices will get displayed on
monitor. Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
and Flat panel display monitors
are commonly used monitors.
4
Printers are most common type of
output devices which are used to
Printers
take a hard copy of any digital
document. The two types of
printers are impact and non-
impact printers. Non-impact
printers such as laser and inkjet
printers are less noisy, more
reliable and faster and also offer
high quality compared to impact
printers.
Sound systems are output devices

which are used to get multimedia
Sound Systems
content such as voice, music, etc.,
as output. Some of examples of
sound systems are speakers,
headphones, and microphones.
Computer Memory
Computer memory refers to storage area where data is stored. It is of two
types:
 Primary Memory
 Secondary Memory
Primary memory is the main memory of computer present in motherboard.

Primary memory is of two types as shown in the image below.
Random Access Memory
RAM is referred as temporary memory, in which, information stored is lost

once computer is turned off. It is a volatile memory. Instructions written in this
memory can be modified; hence it is also known as programmable memory.
The two types of RAM are Static RAM (faster and costlier) and Dynamic RAM.
5
Functions of RAM are as follows:
 It stores data till it gets processed.

 It stores instructions for data processing.
 It acts as a working space where data processing takes place and
intermediate
 Results are stored. It stores processed data/results before it is sent to output
devices.
Read Only Memory
ROM is referred as permanent memory, in which information stored is

available even if computer is turned off. Instructions stored in this memory can only
be read and cannot be modified. Mostly ROM has a start-up instruction which is
executed every time when computer is switched on.
Types of ROM are PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable
PROM), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable PROM) and flash memory.
Secondary Memory
Sometimes when data to be processed is large, it cannot fit in primary

memory as it is limited, in such cases, we use supplement memory or secondary
memory. Secondary memory helps to store information permanently and is non-
volatile.
Storage Devices
Storage devices all serve the same general purpose: to store data. Because of
the differences in storage capacity, portability and speed, different storage devices
are generally used for different reasons.
Types of Storage Devices
6
Hard Disk Drive (Hdd)
A computer hard disk drive is a secondary storage

device consisting of magnetic disks or platters that rotate at
high speed. Its main function is to store data permanently
by controlling the positioning, reading and writing of data
onto the hard disk.
External (Portable) Hard Drives
Portable (or external) hard drives are used outside of the computer case.
They are a lot easier to move around than fixed hard drives.
External hard drive SSD
SD Memory card
Flash drive
Motherboard
A computer’s motherboard is a large printed circuit board that physically

connects all the different components. On the motherboard, there are specific
positions where the CPU, GPU and RAM can be inserted. There are also connectors
that allow you to connect a power supply to a computer. Finally, the motherboard
has several ports that allow you to plug in devices, such as keyboards, speakers and
monitors easily.
The functions of the motherboard is to:

 provide a place for other devices or interfaces to be connected to (such as
more memory or another graphics cards)
 distribute power to the various components
7
 Act as a communication hub as the components send and receive
information through the motherboard.
Ports
The following are some of the most important ports found on the motherboards.

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MODULE 3.

Central Processing Unit

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is called “the brain of computer” as it

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

As name indicates, this part of CPU extracts instructions, performs execution,

 It controls all activities of computer

Hardware is the physical component of a computer system. It refers to the

Name Characteristics Image

The keyboard was first peripheral

A mouse is an input device which is

Name Characteristics Image

A trackball is also a pointing device

Scanners transform printed material

Barcode reader helps to read

Voice recognition system interprets or

A touch screen is an input device

Name Characteristics Image

A monitor is most common type of

Sound systems are output devices

Primary memory is the main memory of computer present in motherboard.

Random Access Memory

RAM is referred as temporary memory, in which, information stored is lost

 It stores data till it gets processed.

Read Only Memory

ROM is referred as permanent memory, in which information stored is

Sometimes when data to be processed is large, it cannot fit in primary

Types of Storage Devices

A computer hard disk drive is a secondary storage

External (Portable) Hard Drives

External hard drive SSD

A computer’s motherboard is a large printed circuit board that physically

The functions of the motherboard is to:

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