Malaysian Journal of Industrial Technology, Volume 3, No.

2, 2019
eISSN: 2637-1081

MJIT 2019 Malaysian Journal of Industrial Technology

FLOOD MONITORING AND WARNING SYSTEM WITH IOT

Haslina Farhana Awang Sufa1, a, Mohd Ismail Yusof2, b, *Corresponding author’s email:
Mohd Aliff Afira Sani3,C. [email protected]

1UniKL MITEC, Pasir Gudang, Johor

[email protected], [email protected],
[email protected].

Abstract
In Malaysia, flooding is one of the most common disasters occurring at the end of the year, especially in monsoon time, where it will
cause death and loss of property. Today, human activities are the major problem contributing to this disaster such as uncontr olled
development, river obstruction, deforestation that damage the catchment area and other factor contributing to flooding. Public
use conventional ways to forecast events in many rural areas in Malaysia to track flood occurrence where they will be waiting for
some expected activity near the river side. By observing the area that had known in danger, this action is risky. The population
always has its own deficiency of society, which will influence the measured data. Thus, a flood protection plan was planned b ased
on human and property. This project idea was generated to solve this issue by developing a Flood Monitoring and Warning System
with IoT (FMWSI). This project used Arduino IDE for coding and Blynk software for Internet of Things (IoT) which it can help the user to
monitor the road from a long distance. Using ultrasonic sensors, the detection system acts as water level detectors. The i2c 16X2
LCD display and traffic light module were used in this FMWSI to reveals the river's state to the user where it will be located 1km from
the selected area so that the citizen will always recognize and be warning. When ultrasonic sensor detects the water level, the led
will turn on according to the condition of the water level and the IoT will sends the notification to the user. The device plays an
important role in keeping properties and human life safe and monitoring them. This system will help the residence to act before the
flood gets worse and prevent flood trap.

Keywords: Flood; Flood monitoring and warning system; IoT; Arduino IDE; Blynk software.

1.0 INTRODUCTION
In many countries around the world, flooding is one of when waterfalls too quickly on saturated soil or dry soil
the major events impacting most residents each year. that has poor absorption capacity. Flash floods
This is destroying property, natural resources and the frequently take place in a dry place and do not have
environment. Flooding in these disasters is the most a strong drainage system.
important occurrence. Due to various factors, such as
Nevertheless, river rains (monsoon floods) generally
rising sea levels and floods, the flood risk has been
occur during the regional tropical wet season from
enhanced.
October to March. Flooding occurs when heavy rain
In Malaysia, flooding or flash floods are two famous lasts for a few days or when heavy rain in a short time
floods which usually occur every year. Flash floods are causes the water level of the river or stream to sink to the
triggered by slow-moving thunderstorms that ground. Usually, this flood happens in east coast
frequently pass over the same region, or by heavy rain countries such as Kelantan, Pahang, and Terengganu.
from hurricanes and tropical storms. It takes about a The flood of the river is a growing natural disaster.
few minutes or two hours to develop. Flash floods arenot Inundation of the water causes loss of human life and
seasonal, but it can happen at any time and have damage to property. Every year, the number of deaths
some disadvantages relative to the flooding in the from floods in the river is more than any other natural
channel. disaster in Malaysia.
Normally, floodwater moves quickly and flash floods Flooding is the world's most severe natural disaster
occur when the barrier holding back water fails or without warning. It was understood that floods did
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1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

some significant damage and ruin houses, plants,
vehicles, buildings and everything. Animals and people The FMWSI was designed to be a smart flood
are caught in the flowing water current and are unable monitoring system at remote locations with high flood
to escape before rescue attempts are made. Although intensity. FMWSI is one of the technologies that can be
flooding was an anomalous phenomenon in the past,it used to prevent loss of life in floods, especially in states on
is now considered a life for mankind that treats natural the East Coast such as Kelantan, Terengganu and
disaster. Flooding has always created immense fear in Pahang. This system is fully automated, operating at all
countries across the world where people lost lives, times without human intervention.
displaced people, agricultural land washed away in FMWSI has many features that enable the
water, highways, bridges, and homes. As a monitoring station and others at flood-prone locations to
consequence of floods, property damage. be alert before the flood reaches a critical level. This
system's purpose is to calculate the river's water level
and give a report on the water level to the user. This
1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT device has been designed specifically for rescue
teams such as PDRM, BOMBA, and JPAM. With this
Several individuals and organizations had to devote tool, the rescue team can collect water level data
time and allow the flood recovery plans to reduce the and alert the public of flood victims for evacuation
expense for the affected sites and survivors as well. purposes in particular.
Most of these projects involve a lot of resources and
physical power, such as rescue workers, surgeons, The self-monitored system allows the control station to
teachers, technicians, and so on. The state has to be notified on a real-time basis about any changes in
spend a large amount of cash on numerous water level at a specific location. The area prone to
restorations of physical structures in flood-infected flooding requires regular surveillance, particularly
places other than the armed resources. If only an during rainy seasons, as precipitation can continue to
effective early flood warning mechanism has been cause flooding. FMWSI can be implemented for
used, such casualties can be minimized and sufficient effective and rapid monitoring at a high potential
steps can be taken within the available resources in the flood location.
shortest possible time to tackle the flooding scenario.
In most situations, the rate of flood water increases
higher and the people are given fewer time to 1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
evacuate. The residents around the flood-prone areas This research relies on construction fieldwork to study
have to prepare carefully in some situations and adapt and examine the water level inside the river when it
by themselves based on the water level. For the rains. The main goals of this project are, in general, to
respective organizations and agencies, warnings to develop a system for measuring the level of water
early flood warning systems are usually intended. This will and the rate of water that will help people track the
take time for them to hit when there is a flooding actual level of water. There are specific objectives to
situation in a certain area as the liquid in most situations be achieved in this project as follows:
increases quickly. At the height of the storm, there will be
congestion of residential areas, public buildings and  To fabricate a prototype of Flood Monitoring
roads, and significant disruption will be experienced. and Warning System with the aid of IoT.
 To generate flood level indicator and risk
In general, flooding is inevitable, but it is possible to use
the early detection or warning system to reduce the warning system.
victims and government's overheads. In fact, there are  To develop a closed connection
many advanced devices that are commonly used by betweenuser and prototype via IoT.
some organizations or responsible governments to
control flood rates at a certain venue. Most of these At the completion of this course, students can learnon
way to get the optimal situation that will render the
machines are difficult to use and manage. Such
machines, in fact, are typically only used for process in the best possible shape and be able to
surveillance purposes between the flood-prone area design a plan that will benefit the community and
nature. Students can also study and improve their
and the monitoring station.
process and soft skills for time management, technical
Such a system allows all private and government skills, and common knowledge.
agencies to focus on the preparations for emergency
evacuation or prevention before the flood situation
gets worse. The rescue team has to prepare for the best 1.4 SCOPE OF STUDY
possible evacuation and recovery operations during
the flood in a limited time with sufficient resources. The project's context was to incorporate the built-in
technologies and research the control process and the
field of the project in order to achieve the goals of this
network. Research was conducted in Bandar Seri

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Alam in Johor Bahru, Malaysia, at the Universiti Kuala 2.1 PROCESS FLOW
Lumpur Kampus Cawangan, Malaysian Institute of
Industrial Technology (UniKL MITEC). The project aims to The system uses an ultrasonic sensor on the banks of theriver
develop IoT (FMWSI) Flood Monitoring and Warning or wherever a calculation of water level is required, as
System that can control water levels and warn shown in Figure 1. With the shift in water level, the sensor
consumers and rescue teams. This system will be sensitivity rises as the sensor location. The sensors are
applied. In this task, which is the FMWSI format and sending the sensed information to the control unit
what sort of right sensor has to be used, there will be afew wirelessly. The control device decides which output
items to be focused on. The following section contains port to mean the water level is to be used. The new
information on the study of the company. change to alerting remote station staff and consumers to
details at a real-time level by Flood Monitoring and
Warning System via IoT is an innovative and efficient
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY strategy. The data at water level can be sent to
customers using the ports defined. IoT is the most
The outcomes of this plan will benefit society in this popular software used by citizens during working hours
country and play a significant role. Indeed, the and during their free time to provide instant warnings
problem of a large number of deaths can be on shifts in the level of water.
minimized by the implementation of FMWSI. This is
because it initiative, particularly in rural areas, could
raise people's awareness. Actually, this device can
increase the risk of loss of personal property.

2.0 EXPERIMENTAL
The data was collected from the publications that are
relevant to the venture in the process of developing
the program. This technique involves gathering the
essential information for the studies by implementing
some field research data that was embraced in others.
Secondary data was obtained from archive archives
and institutions to help the information collected. In this
venture, a study was conducted on the functionality of
the system and project design to meet the goals.
The project for the final year was split into two Fig.1 Process flow
phases. The first phase was Project 1 of the Final Year (FYP The program can also be used, in addition to
1) and Project 2 of the Final Year (FYP 2). The time given for notifying the user, to automatically cause flood
the first phase was one or six months. A topic for the warnings to road users, buildings and public areas. The
research project will be selected in this phase, and system flow for this plan is shown in Figure 1. The bestway
research must be done to prepare solid reasons for the to show this data in public places is through the digital
selection of the topic. In addition, a study will be display system. If changes in water levels happen in
conducted based on past research to generate ideas areas vulnerable to floods, this display system may
on how to implement the project. interpret and display information. Depending on the
At the same period, the project's hardware and location and the rate of raise of the water the number of
software have been established. To ensure smooth sensors used can differ. The traffic light is automatically
integration of hardware and software, the right activated after the warning signs has been shown and
hardware and software must be chosen. The electrical the user is alerted. The flood ratearea shown in Figure 2.
circuit and figure were built to give an overview of the
project's implementation. Other than that, the design
must complete the electrical circuit, software and
coding. In a nutshell, FYP 1 will focus on writing the
introduction chapter, reviewing literature and
methodology as well as developing the prototype. The
time given to finish the project in the second phase was
similar to FYP 1. Unit evaluation must be carried out onthe
model in this process to ensure that the design has met
the research project's objectives. FYP 2 focused
primarily on maintaining the smooth running of the
system through the trial and troubleshooting. To assess the
output off the process, the tests are evaluated.
Fig.2 Flood level zone

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2.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM icons to create a visual task. The client can create a
In this project, ultrasonic sensor is being used to development template using the Blynk software and
determine the water level. For sending the current level track different related objects.
and alert to local people during flood times, the LCD
and IoT was been used. Figure 3 shows the block
diagram of the flood monitoring and warning system Hardware Development. The device consisted of
with IoT. several variations of major components and machine
circuit architecture for the hardware development
portion. These main components consisted of several
electrical and electronic elements being mixed. The
suitable hardware components are chosen based on
best performance and well-calibrated to reduce any
errors found in the next section when analyzing datafor
the test.
WeMos D1R1. The D1 board can be set up to work in
the Arduino environment with BOARDS MANAGER,
however, the arduino board itself cannot be
connected to the arduino IDE. The panel is also
comparing the D1 board can be set to work in the
Arduino environment with the same NODEMCU
Fig.3 Block Diagram
feature. The name means D1 Mini is a smaller version of
R1, R2 boards are like Arduino UNO boards, but the
2.3 ANALYSIS METHODS model is not written. The ESP12 unit is built from
The analysis methods used were split into two parts. The WEMOS, which is also written on some panels. Also, D1has
first part was development of software and the been published on some other panels where the AI
second part was hardware development. Thinker machine is the ESP12 chip. Because ESP12 only
has an ANALOG button, the deck is only dummy with A0
and other analog pins.
Software Development. A coding framework is Ultrasonic Sensor. Ultra-Sonic detector for water level
introduced in the chapter on software development, assessment. It is mainly a distance detector for
which is Arduino IDE. This paragraph should describe the calculating space using the SONAR system. It has two
technology in depth. ultrasonic transmitters, the amplifier and the control
Arduino IDE. The Arduino IDE or Arduino Integrated chain. The transmitter transmits a high-frequency
ultrasound wave which rebounds and receives any
Development Environment or Arduino Software (IDE)
solid object as an echo. The echo then is measured by
included a text editing software for code composition, a
the control loop to determine the duration and the
message region, a product field, a toolbar with
discrepancy between the transmitter and the receiver
simple functionality catches and menu progression.
signal. The distance between the detector and the
The transfer of programs and interface with them was
artifact it serves can then be calculated using this
associated with the Arduino and Genuine equipment.It
time. The high-frequency sound waves that cannot be
was used in this project to create programming
detected through a transducer through human ears
codes to work with the microcontroller. The software
are generated by this ultrasonic sensor. When the
generated for this project must be compatible with
wave passes and reaches a flat surface, the ultra-
the framework. This software was used for IoT where the
sonic waves can move backwards to reach the ultra-
code in C language was written. Because of its ability
sonic detector via the same transducer again. The
to integrate and link with wireless fidelity devices,
detector calculates and provides the average length
such as Cytron WiFi Shield consisting of ESP8266, the
of the distance between the time span and these
application is ideal for IoT.
deux waves. The ultrasound detector has a precise
Blynk (IoT). Blynk is a system that is compliant with iOS value and is therefore more accurate to the ultra-
and Android phones to power Arduino andRaspberry sonic device. The ultra-sonic sensor will give the exact
PI. No plate or shield is attached to it. It supports range with minimal error possible. The four pins are
hardware for users to choose from and connects via composed of VCC, GND, TRIG, ECHO. The ultrasonic
Wi-Fi to the Internet. According to Durani. detector creates the sound waves, which a person
H. Sheth. M. Vaghasia. M. & Kotech. S (2018), users cannot listen to at high speeds. When the sound
could create a draft dashboard and place buttons, waves are produced and the sound waves are
sliders, charts, and other widgets on the monitor. The transmitted to the ultra-sonic detector when the
system client uses and shows sensor data are allowed or target or obstacle is hit. The ultra-sonic detector tests the
deactivated by the consumer. Developers can duration between the produced sound waves and
therefore quickly develop applications to monitor and the sound waves.
manage hardware projects for customers. It is a virtual
dashboard that allows users to just drag and drop

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I2C LCD. Although LCD and some other displays 2.6 PROJECT DESIGN
greatly increase the interaction between man-
machine, they share a common weakness. Once the The project design of this project that will be
controller is attached to a device, it has many IOs with considered in completing this project is been showed in
not so many internal ports. It also restricts the other this section. There are 3 perspectives shown which isFigure
features of the system. The LCD1602 is equipped with an 5 for front view, Figure 6 for isometric view and Figure 7 for
I2C bus to solve the problem. I2C bus is a serial bus system top view. This is a sketch design to what this project will be.
built by Philips. This is a serial bus with high performance
and multiple host systems with bus control and
network synchronization function. Only the serial data
line and the serial clock line (SCL) I2C bus have two
bidirectional parts. The Blue Potentiometer I2C
LCD1602 is used for switching the backlights so that the
I2C LCD1602 becomes easier toview.

2.4 DEVELOPMENT OF SYSTEM

This study developed the flood monitoring and warning
system with IoT. The system can display the level of Fig.5 Project design in front view
flood from the sensor of water level. In addition, a
design of this system needs to be illustrated and well
designed in order to achieve the system developmentof
this project.

2.5 DESIGN OF WIRING DIAGRAM

This design consisted of the actual overall project
wiring diagram. This wiring diagram showed how to
combine and connect the main components of this
project. This design was done early in the next stage to
ensure that a prototype of this project will not be
mistaken. A software called as Fritzing was
implemented for this design where this software
consisted of many electronic components for easy
design. Figure 4 demonstrated the layout of the wiring
diagram.
Fig.6 Project design in isometric view

Fig.7 Project design in top view

3.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The design process consists of checking the ultrasonic
sensor features and evaluating all the hardware and
software for the device. The results obtained from this
Fig.4 Wiring Diagram

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research will be clarified throughout this section fromthe starts when the ultrasonic sensor detected when the
final testing carried out. Result of the projectincludes water is poured into the tank and LCD will display its
the results obtained by using a PLX-DAQ Excelfor real time current condition. If the water was 0-2 cm, the LCD is low
monitoring and Arduino IDE for internet ofthings. In other to and the led becomes green. The LCD shows thewater
obtain the best result for this system,all the matters stated level normal and transitions to a yellow switch when
were considered and followed. Hardware. Based on the the water level has felt 3-7 cm. The LCD will display
first objective, which is to develop the prototype of the water level high and the led turns red immediately
FMWSI, this chapter hasexplained how the process when the water level hits 8-10 cm. At last, the LCD will be
was done and the result.The development of prototype shown at water levels too high if it exceeds 11-15 cm,
is the objective for thisproject. The development of led changes and a pop-up alert emerges on the Blynk
this project includeshardware and software. This application.
paragraph will explainhow the process is performed
and the result based onthe first purpose of using IoT to
create the flood control and warning system template.
The creation of designis the goal of this venture.
Hardware and software arepart of the project's growth.
The tank and electricalwiring schematic for this plan
are included in theequipment. The code of the
project contains theinstallation of the Blynk. The
development of thisprototype using WEMOS R1D1 is
shown in this section.Ultrasonic sensor is installed at the
top of the tank tomonitor water level when the water is
poured in. Water
level will be displayed at the front of the tank.
Fig.9 Graph of time/s vs water level/cm of the
water level

Table 1. Summary of Flood Level Indicator and Risk

Warning System.
Water level (cm) Display LED Colour Alert
0-2 Water Level Low Green Off
3-7 Water Level Normal Yellow Off
8-10 Water Level High Red Off
11 Water Level Too High Red On

Based on table 1, the LCD will display either the

water level is low, normal, high or too high. The LED will
change the colour from Green to Yellow and to Red,
based on the water level indicator. The alert will on
Fig.8 Isometric view prototype of FMWSI after the water level indicator is too high. For water
level 0 cm to 2 cm, the level of water is low, and therewill
Electrical Wiring. Wiring has been done along the be green colour for the LED. 3 cm to 7 cm the display
frame and the top of the tank for easier installation. will show that the water level is normal and theLED colour
Testing has been done for each electrical of the main
will change to yellow. For high water level which
components before installing the frame of the
between 8 cm to 10 cm the LED colour will be Red.
prototype. Last, the alert will on when the water level achieves
Results of Flood Level Indicator and Warning the ‘Water Level too High’ which is the measurement of
System. In this project, PLX-DAQ software was used to
water exceed 10 cm.
monitor the data in real time. The project results
include the results obtained through the use of an Result for Internet of Things. This project used Arduino IDE
Arduino IDE for real-time water level monitoring. for water level measurement, which was then sent to the
Ultrasonic can detect water rise to measure the internet for cloud computing and data storage. Due to
current water level. Usually, the ultrasonic can its low-price Cloud Computer System relative to other
measure the range of measurement for the water cloud system, the Blynk application was used. Inaddition,
from 10 cm to 400 cm. Ultrasonic must link to the the project developer could easily make the billing on a
Arduino in this venture to monitor the water level. But this Malaysian made platform since the project is analyzed
plan has just made those measurements from 0 cm to 15 in Malaysia. The software used to get the virtual
cm for now. This project created an algorithm to make dashboard is Blynk Application. Blynk is a network for
the ultrasonic works. Figure 9 shows the graph of time/s vs Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and the like, utilizing IOS and
water level/cm of the water level and all the data Android software. This is a virtual dashboard where you
obtained from PLX-DAQ Excel. The operation can easily drag and fall widgets to create a graphical
interface for the design. It can remotely

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control hardware, show sensor data, store data, view sharing their vast knowledge in helping me to write a
and do a lot of other cool things. The ultrasonic sensorwill proper report in the format set by the university.
detect the water level that have been classify intothree Secondly, I would like to convey my sincere gratitude to
layer which is low, moderate and high. The ledwill turn my beloved family, Awang Sufa Abdullah and Che
on depending the water level and when the water Kamariah Che Ngah, as well as to my brothers and
level is at very high a notification will pop up on the sisters who have stood by me in tough times and have
screen and the graph will be shown. given me hope of completing the project. I always
inspire me to do my utmost by offering me constant
guidance and giving me full support. Their blessing is
4.0 RECOMMENDATION one of the reasons why I make every effort to complete
this project. Last but not least, I would like to appreciate my
During that endeavor, most changes cannot be colleagues for spending their time with me and
rendered because of lack of resources or open media. supporting them especially Nurul Huda Ibrahim.
Several guidelines could be added to this project in Without a doubt, the exchange of knowledge became
order to increase its accuracy, usability and vital to us. Therefore, I want to thank everyone who
marketability. Power supply of the sensors and the sponsored me and encouraged me as if I had not been
centralized control unit is feasible with solar cells. The able to complete the task in time. Thank you all, and
FMWSI can be easily installed and operated if powered may God reward you all forever.
by solar cells. Solar power is also a cheaper source of
power to the complete system, especially when the References
device is situated in a remote location. A warning siren [1] Abdullahi, S. I., Habaebi, M. H., Gunawan, T. S., &
also should be installed at the flood area in order to Islam, M. R. Miniaturized Water Flow and Level
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Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
(Vol. 260, No. 1, p. 012019), 2017.
5.0 CONCLUSION
[2] Billa, L., Mansor, S., & Rodzi Mahmud, A. Spatial
To conclude, this project has provided useful
information technology in flood early warning systems: An
knowledge and understanding in conducting research
overview of theory, application and latest
and development of technology. This project was
developments in Malaysia. Disaster Prevention and
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property and life loss. It plans will allow authorities in
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[4] Khalid, M. S. B., & Shafiai, S. B.X. Flood disaster
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Acknowledgement [5] Satria, D., Yana, S., Munadi, R., & Syahreza, S.
Prototype of Google Maps-Based Flood Monitoring
In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Beneficent.
System Using Arduino and GSM Module. Int. Res. J. Eng.
Alhamdulillah, I am grateful to Allah S.W.T. for giving me
Technol, 4(10), 1044-1047, 2017.
good health, both physically and mentally, throughout
the process of completing the project. Besides, I was
[8] Subramaniam, S. K., Vigneswara, R. G.,
blessed with patience to complete this project on time.
Subramonian, S., & Hamidon, A. H. Flood level indicator
Thanks to Allah S.W.T., who is willing to give me the
and risk warning system for remote location monitoring
opportunity to complete this final year project entitled
using Flood Observatory System. WSEAS Transactions on
Flood Monitoring and Warning System with IoT. This final year
Systems and Control, 5(3), 153-163, 2010.
project report was prepared for Universiti KualaLumpur
(UniKL MITEC) in order to complete the bachelor of
[7] Yusoff, A., Din, N. M., Yussof, S., & Khan, S. U. The Semantic
engineering technology in instrumentation and control
Network of Flood Hydrological Data for Kelantan,
in the final year. Deepest gratitude and appreciation
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to my supervisor, Dr. Mohd Ismail Yusof, and to my co-
Environmental Science (Vol. 32, No. 1, p. 012021),2016.
supervisor, Dr. Mohd Aliff Afira Sani, for their assistance
and support throughout the execution of my final year
project. I am grateful to them for

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