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    Space Frame

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    Jashin Bansal
    Space frames are lightweight, truss-like structures constructed from interconnected struts in a geometric pattern. They were independently developed in the early 1900s but gained more widespread use and architectural influence in the 1950s through Buckminster Fuller's geodesic dome designs. Space frames can span large areas with few interior supports and distribute loads through tension and compression along the struts. They are used for applications like arenas, pavilions, and industrial buildings due to their structural strength, aesthetic qualities, and ability to cover large areas.

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    Space Frame

    Uploaded by

    Jashin Bansal
    59 views29 pages
    Space frames are lightweight, truss-like structures constructed from interconnected struts in a geometric pattern. They were independently developed in the early 1900s but gained more widespread use and architectural influence in the 1950s through Buckminster Fuller's geodesic dome designs. Space frames can span large areas with few interior supports and distribute loads through tension and compression along the struts. They are used for applications like arenas, pavilions, and industrial buildings due to their structural strength, aesthetic qualities, and ability to cover large areas.

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    Space frames are lightweight, truss-like structures constructed from interconnected struts in a geometric pattern. They were independently developed in the early 1900s but gained more widespread use and architectural influence in the 1950s through Buckminster Fuller's geodesic dome designs. Space frames can span large areas with few interior supports and distribute loads through tension and compression along the struts. They are used for applications like arenas, pavilions, and industrial buildings due to their structural strength, aesthetic qualities, and ability to cover large areas.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    59 views29 pages

    Space Frame

    Uploaded by

    Jashin Bansal
    Space frames are lightweight, truss-like structures constructed from interconnected struts in a geometric pattern. They were independently developed in the early 1900s but gained more widespread use and architectural influence in the 1950s through Buckminster Fuller's geodesic dome designs. Space frames can span large areas with few interior supports and distribute loads through tension and compression along the struts. They are used for applications like arenas, pavilions, and industrial buildings due to their structural strength, aesthetic qualities, and ability to cover large areas.

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    of 29

    SPACE FRAMES SYSTEMS

    CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
    SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SEMESTER - VII
    SPACE FRAME

    • A space frame is a truss-like, lightweight rigid


    structure constructed from interlocking
    struts in a geometric pattern.

    • It is a structure system assembled of linear


    elements so arranged that forces are
    transferred in a three-dimensional manner.

    • Space frames can be used to span large


    areas with few interior supports.

    space frame

    SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SEMESTER - VII


    HISTORY OF SPACE FRAME

    • Space frames were independently developed


    by ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL around 1900.

    • Bell's interest was primarily in using them to


    make rigid frames for nautical and
    aeronautical engineering, with the tetrahedral
    truss being one of his inventions.

    • BUCKMINSTER FULLER in the 1950s, Fuller’s


    focus was architectural structures and his work
    had greater influence.

    • American engineer, architect, and futurist who


    developed the Geodesic Dome —the only large
    dome that can be set directly on the ground as
    a complete structure and the only practical kind
    of building that has no limiting dimensions.

    SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SEMESTER - VII


    A space frame is strong because of :

    • Inherent rigidity of the triangle.

    • Flexing loads (bending moments) are


    transmitted as tension and compression loads
    along the length of each strut.
    LOAD DISTRIBUTION
    Horizontal slab of interlocking square, Pyramids and
    Tetrahedral built from aluminium or tubular steel struts.

    Stronger form is composed of interlocking


    tetrahedral in which all the struts have unit length.

    SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SEMESTER - VII


    APPLICATION
    • Platform or overhead structure that spans large distances without need for
    internal load bearings support.
    • Space frames are used mainly due to its great structural potential and visual
    beauty.
    • New and imaginative applications of space frames are being demonstrated in the
    total range of building types, such as:

    • Sports arenas
    • Exhibition pavilions
    • Assembly halls/ Auditoriums
    • Airplane hangars
    • Workshops and warehouses enclosures
    • Shopping Malls
    • Commercial and Industrial buildings
    • Sky lights
    • Petrol pumps
    • Canopies
    • Traffic signs
    • Pools

    SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SEMESTER - VII


    SALIENT FEATURES

     Enormous spanning
    capability
     Light weight
     High aesthetics
     High resale value
     Higher safety factor
    Entrance canopies, Luxury homes, Museums, Theme parks
    & in building where visual impact is desired.  Extension with additional
    unit
     Free forms
     All service lines run
    through frame
     Suit irregular support or
    plane geometry

    SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SEMESTER - VII


    COMPONENTS OF SPACE FRAME

    Consists of axial members : Tubes Circular Hollow Sections

    Rectangular Hollow Sections


    SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SEMESTER - VII
    TYPES OF SPACE FRAME

    SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SEMESTER - VII


    TYPES OF SPACE FRAME

    ACCORDING TO THE CURVATURE

    SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SEMESTER - VII


    TYPES OF SPACE FRAME

    FLAT COVER SPHERICAL DOME

    SPHERICAL DOME
    BARREL VAULT

    SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SEMESTER - VII


    CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF GRID LAYERS

    a) Single Layer Grid:


    • All Elements are placed on
    the surface approximately.

    b) Double Layer Grid:


    • They are commonly used
    space frame.
    • Elements are organized in
    two parallel layers with
    each other at certain
    distance apart.
    • The diagonals bars
    connecting the nodes of
    both layers in different
    directions.

    c) Triple Layer Grid:


    • Placed in three parallel lines, linked by the diagonals.
    • Almost always flat.
    • They are mostly used for larger span building.

    SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SEMESTER - VII


    Single Layer Grid

    Double Layer Grid

    Triple Layer Grid


    SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SEMESTER - VII
    CONNECTORS

    Members are fixed using connectors different types of connectors are:

     NODUS CONNECTOR
     TRIODETIC CONNECTOR
     TUBALL NODE CONNECTOR
     HEMISPHERICAL DOME CONNECTOR

    NODUS CONNECTOR
    • It can accept both rectangular
    and circular hollow sections
    and that the cladding can be
    fixed directly to the chords.

    • Chord connectors have to be


    welded to the ends of the
    hollow members on site.

    SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SEMESTER - VII


    NODUS CONNECTOR

    SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SEMESTER - VII


    TRIODETIC CONNECTOR

    Consists of a hub, usually an aluminium extrusion, with slots or key ways.

    SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SEMESTER - VII


    TUBALL NODE CONNECTOR
    • Hollow sphere made of spheroidal graphite.
    • End of the circular hollow section member to be connected is fitted at its
    ends by welding
    • Connection from inside the cup is done using bolt and nut.

    SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SEMESTER - VII


    TUBALL NODE CONNECTOR

    SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SEMESTER - VII


    HEMISPHERICAL DOME CONNECTOR:

    • Usually used for double


    layer domes.
    • Can be adopted for
    spans more than 40m.
    • More economical for
    long spans.
    • The jointing is connect
    by slitting the end of
    the tube or rod with the
    joint fin.
    • Two types of joint:
    pentagonal joint and
    hexagonal joint.

    SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SEMESTER - VII


    SPACE FRAME COMPONENTS

    CONNECTIONS

    SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SEMESTER - VII


    BOLTED CONNECTION

    WELDED CONNECTION

    THREADED CONNECTION
    SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SEMESTER - VII
    CALCULATION OF DEPTH OF SPACE FRAME

    For analysis of a double layer grid, it is important to determine the depth and the
    module size.
    The depth is the distance between the top and bottom layers.
    The module is the distance between two joints in the layer of the grid.
    It plays an important role on the economy of the roof design.
    The factors influencing these parameters are:
    • Type of double layer grid
    • Span between the supports
    • Roof cladding

    The depth and module size are


    mutually dependent which is
    related by the permissible
    angle between the centre line
    of web members and the
    plane of the top and bottom
    chord members.

    SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SEMESTER - VII


    METHOD OF ERECTION OF SPACE FRAME

    SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SEMESTER - VII


    METHOD OF ERECTION OF SPACE FRAME

    The method chosen for erection of a space frame depends on:

    • Its behaviour of load transmission, constructional details so that it will meet


    the over all requirements of quality, safety, speed of construction and
    economy.

    • The scale of the structure being built, the method of jointing.

    • The individual elements, and the strength and rigidity of the Space frame until
    its form is closed must all be considered.

    METHODS

    SCAFFOLD BLOCK ASSEMBLY


    METHOD LIFTING METHOD
    METHOD

    SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SEMESTER - VII


    SCAFFOLD METHOD LIFTING METHOD

    BLOCK ASSEMBLY METHOD


    SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SEMESTER - VII
    ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

    • Light
    • Elegant & Economical • One major disadvantage
    • Carry load by three dimensional is that they can be
    action difficult to engineer.
    • High Inherent Stiffness • It's not straightforward to
    • Easy to construct determine how forces will
    • Save Construction Time & Cost distribute
    • Services (such as lighting and air • throughout a structure
    conditioning)can be integrated with that has a lot of
    space frames redundant pieces
    • Space frames are advantageous
    compared to other common
    structures by their; light weight,
    mass production, stiffness, and
    versatility.
    • Offer the architect unrestricted
    freedom in locating supports and
    planning the sub division of the
    covered space.

    SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SEMESTER - VII


    SAN SIRO STADIUM, MILAN

    SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SEMESTER - VII


    PRAGATI MAIDAN- NEW DELHI

    SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SEMESTER - VII


    INDIA HABITAT CENTRE - NEW DELHI
    SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SEMESTER - VII
    SAEED ANISA AZHARUNNISA SEMESTER - VII

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