Modern Marvels: World War I Technology

1. World War I exposed the ofthe Industrial

Revolution.

2. Approximately how many soldiers were killed in WWI?

3. Dr. William Atawater uses the word “stalemate”to refer to the battles on the 7
Western Front. What does this word mean?

4, What was placed in front of the trenches to prevent the enemy from invading?

5. Whatinvention was created to plow through the burningvillages, dead soldiers and
tree stumps? Which country is to be credited for its creation?

6. Whatis the word “tank”short for?

7. What new weapon was used to observe enemy movements from up in the air?

8. What would cometo be the greatest technological accomplishmentin warfare as a

result of WWI?

9. Why weren’t radios frequently installed on WWIairplanes?

11. How many rounds per minute could a machine gun spew out?

12. What weapon played a decisive role in almost every battle in WWI?

13. Why did the flamethrower makelittle to no contribution to WWI?

13. What was the mostinsidious technology used during WWI?

14. True or False: Adolf Hitler fought during World War I.

15. Who is known asthe father of the modern submarine?

16. What was the U-boats primary weapon?

 Chapter 23 Section1
War Breaks Out in Europe
Pages 720-725

THE GREAT WARBEGINS

Long Term Causes of WWI CENTRAL ALLIES
M POWERS
1. 1,

A 2: 2.
I 3. 3.

4 4.
N
5.

Immediate Cause (Spark) 6.

7.

Old Fighting Styles VS. New Technology

Trench Warfare 1.
(define)
2:

3.
/
ys .
—

té) 5.

AMERICA’S PATH TO WAR - Describethe 3 events that lead to the US entering World WarI.

Lusitania Zimmerman Telegram Submarine Warfare

April 2, 1917 - US ENTERS THE WAR

 Chapter 23 Section 2
America Prepares for War
Pages 728-733

Selective
Service Act

SOCIAL
CHANGES
AT HOME

War Bonds

War Industries
Board

Key Vocabulary
General John J.
Pershing

Propaganda

Espionage
Act/Sedition Act
 a

<
eg
dé
m
@
(O
@
©
2
(QE
«
{
| a ;
\ 2 / : A policy of aggressive military preparedness leading to tensions

: A system of “I’ve Got Your Back!” leading countries to pick sides

a

ED Ex: Triple Alliance:

Triple Entente:

I : Wealth from overseas empires leading to jealousy

| : Feeling that a specific nation, language, or culture is superior

ojetS
=
EX
AMD SO THE GREAT WAR BEGINS
On Austria-Hungary declares war on !

(Cue the Alliances formed before the actual war broke out...) because had stated thatit

would backthe Slavs (Russia hated Austria-Hungary! Austria-Hungary hated the Slavs!)

declares war on | Well, that's not going to stand! “I've Got Your Back!” says

to , SO declares war on

, and while they wereat it... declares war on

! And since had pledged to protect the neutrality of any

and all nations threatened by a militaristic es marchesthru

Belgium dragging into war! (Remember how much these two countries hated each
other?) And the result...

VS,

SS
 WoodrowWilson
President 1913 to 1921

Neutrality

World War | began in Europein 1914.

Woodrow Wilson had been president for two
years. Wilson wasup for re-election in 1916.
Many Americans did not want to becomein-
volved in a war in Europe. They thoughtit was
awar among the kingdomsof Europe and didn't
have muchto do with America.

Besides, the United States was making

moneyselling food and goodsto Great Britain
and France who wereat war with Germany.
Germanydecidedto sink ships from the United
States that were sending goods to Britain and
France. Wilson decided to arm American ships
andfight backif attacked. This policy was called
“armed neutrality.”
Decision
However, Wilson promised when he ran
for president in 1916 to keep America outof the Whatwould you do if you were Wilson?
war. In March, 1917, the Germans sank three
American ships. Some Americans were upset A. Ask Congress to declare war.
and wanted the United States to declare war
against Germany. Others thoughtit was best B. Continue the policy of armed neutral-
for the United States to stay out of a European ity.
war.
U.S. exports to Great Britain, France, and Germany, 1912-1916

2000
(sıejjop jo suoijjiu ul) suodxy3

Current Issue
Should the United States become in-
volved in a distant war because welike one side
1000 + more than the other side?
Under what circumstances should the
United States become involvedin a foreign war
Britain
that does noteffect the United States directly?
Germany

France

1912 1913 1914 1915 1916

T

Year

Copyright 1987, revised 1995 by Stevens & Shea Publishers,Inc.

 easonsfor U.S.
LocationPrecede
Neutrali

Whydid the U.S. join WWI?

It had been argued that without America, the Allies would have lost WWI. In
1917, the Russians, who had been onthesideof the Allies, pulled out of the
war because the country became embroiled in a revolution. This meant that
Germanyno longer hadto fight on two fronts; they could turn all its soldiers
towards the west against Britain and France. At this point, the U.S., who had
been neutral for three years, officially joined the Allies. With the help of the
invigorated U.S. soldiers, and plentiful weapons and supplies, the Allies were
able to push Germanyback. In just over a year, the Allies won WWI. But why
did the U.S. get involved in the bloodiest war in the first place?

Whydid the U.S. remain neutral for 3 years?

* Americans were divided in their loyalties as the population contained
many British-Americans and German-Americans. All these countries had
differing ideas on war.
* President Woodrow Wilson did not want foreign problemsto disrupt his
presidency. His 1916 re-election slogan was “He kept us out of war!”
* Many Americansstill liked the idea of ISOLATIONISM, primarily keeping
out of international politics and external affairs

So what madethe U.S. change its mind and join the Allies?
Ss),
so)
{\
DocumentA: The table below shows how much the U.S. made from supplying
goodsto other countries during WWI.
© A ©

Combine $500 Million | $8.5Billion

GERT $169 Million $1.1 Billion
Neutral Nations $187 Million $280 Million
Total: $865 Million $4.88 Billion
* What conclusion can you draw aboutthe U.S. economy during WWI?

* How much did American trade go up between 1914 and 1917?

* What do you think the U.S. may have been selling?

x Based on the data in the chart, what arguments can you think of as to why America
might have wanted to keep out of WWI?

Document B
FREEDOM OF THE SEAS
Thousandsof Gross Tons of Allied Shipping Lost

JE A ti
yy P= wae

i
NM
)

Feb Apr June Aug

Aug Oct Dec Feb Apr June Aug Oct Dec Feb ee "Ost Dec
1914 1915 1916 1917
U-BOAT CAMPAIGN, 1914-1918

Germany aggressively went after all cargo ships carrying goods to Allied and neutral countries.
It refused to follow the rules of war. (Yes, there actually are rules for war!) Based on the data in
the chart, what arguments can you think of as to why America had no choice but to Join WWI?
 DocumentC: Usethe information in this chart to answer the question
below.
Unlimited Submarine Warfare The Lusitania
Accordingto international law, civilian ships On May 7, 1917, a German U-boat sank the
must be warnedbefore targeting. They must British liner, the Lusitania, killing 1,198
allow passengers to escapeto safety first. people. The Germansclaimed it was carrying
ammunition and explosives to the Allies.
Germanydid not uphold this rule in U-boat (This was discovered to be true 1982.) Among
attacks on both, Allied and neutral nations. the dead were 128 Americans. The U.S. was
= furious about this direct attact on their
~ pe _ citizens. Public opinion about U.S.
T = = = involvement began to sway.
The Russian Revolution The Zimmerman Telegram
Vowing that the U.S. would not deal with a In March, 1917, Great Britain released a
nation that didn’t embrace democracy, the secret telegram sent from Germany to
monarchy of Russia kept the U.S. from Mexico. It said that if the U.S. entered the
joining the Allied Powers. However, when war against the Central Powers, Mexico
Russia pulled out of the war in early 1917 to should attack the U.S. directly. As a reward,
deal with a violent revolution, the Eastern given that the Central Powers won, Mexico
Front collapsed, leaving the tired Allies, to would receive Texas, New Mexico and
face double the numberof Central Power Arizona for their loyalty. If Mexico accepted
soldiers on the Western Front. Military this deal, U.S. troops would be split between
leaders calculated that the Allies were only the war in Europe and a war at home. The
six weeks from imminent defeat. American people were outraged! (Mexico,
| tired from internal strife, never even
considered Germany’s offer.)

* Using the information above, how did each of the events lead the U.S.
into WWI?
Unlimited Submarine Warfare The Lusitania

The Russian Revolution The Zimmerman Telegram

E
“nd so...according to Woodrow Wilson, the United States will enter the war... “for the
\ rights of nations great and small andthe privilege of men everywhere to choosetheir way
of life and of obedience. The world must be made safe for democracy.”
y.S. Citizens Prepare for Way.
As you watch the Powerpoint, take notes regarding how the U.S.

ormiation? Was it
 am. Controversial Decisions At Home SQ
* FS TS
À a . Po. . x:3
x =“ Pressure for America to join World War 1 increased each year the war dragged on. When Æmerita 4
finally declared warin 1917, they faced two major problems. First, many Americans disagreed with the
decision and did not want to get involved. Manystrikes and protests erupted across the nation in protest
of sending young Americanboysto die in trenchesto fix Europe’s mess. Second, America’s military and
economywasnot ready for such a massive war. The government needed millions of dollars to help
organize, feed, and supply a new army. While America had manyfactories and jobs, there were not
enough making modern guns, tanks, airplanes.
To deal with these two problems, the U.S. government took several steps that were controversial.
Some Americans supportedthe decisions because they helped with the war effort. Other Americans
argued they violated the Constitution and Bill of Rights. Read about each example and brainstorm
reasons to support the government’s decision, and reasonsto opposeit.

Arhe War Industries Board

In 1917, the WarIndustries Board was created. The WarIndustries Board took overthe
production and distribution of goods and resources needed for the war effort. For example, items
suchasoil, metals, food, and rubberwere very valuable to the army. The War Industries Board
was given the power to set prices on these items (and hundredsof others) so that no one could
charge unfairly high prices for materials needed to help the soldiers win the war. This helped the
government obtainall of the supplies it neededat the lowest cost possible. However,this also
meant that many American businesses were forced to sell their goods for lower prices than they
wanted,
Reason(s) to Support the Decision Reason(s) to Oppose the Decision

The Sale of “Liberty Bonds”

The U.S. government needed a lot of money to finance the massive new wareffort. In order to
raise some of this money, the governmentsold “Liberty Bonds” to the Americanpublic. A Liberty
Bond wassimply a piece of paperthat promised that the U.S. government would pay back the
ownerovertime. (Provided that the U.S. would win the war.) The sale of “Liberty Bonds”
broughtin billions of dollars for the war. However, the bonds also pushed the governmentinto
debt, for it would eventually have to pay back the people. a
ny
ES
Y
a

Reason(s) to Support the Decision Reason(s) to Oppose the Decision

KT
 The Selective Service Act
Facing the largest warever, the U.S. army wasin need of soldiers. Better knownas a “draft”, the
Selective Service Act required all men betweenthe ages of18 and 45 toregister (sign up) for the
first draft since the Civil War. Anyone whose name wasselected would be required to join the
armyor else be sentto jail. Of the 24 million males whoregistered underthe Selective Service
Act, 2.8 million names were chosen.
Reason(s) to Support the Decision Reason(s) to Opposethe Decision

The Espionage Act PA

Many Americans protested the draft by refusing to sign up and encouraging others not to. The
government feared the effect this would have on the size, power, and morale (spirit) of the army.
In response, it cracked down with the Espionage Act in 1917. Under this law, people who
avoided orinterfered with the draft would face up to 20 years in prison and a $10,000 fine.
Reason(s) to Support the Decision Reason(s) to Oppose the Decision

ir
ER The Sedition Act
When some Americans continued to passionately criticize the war, the government went one
step further. Under the Sedition Act, criticism ofthe U.S. governmentor military becameillegal,
punished by prison time ora fine. The governmentargued that too much wasat risk to allow
people to undermine the wareffort, which could lead to America losing and being forced to sign
a treaty that stripped the country of land, rights, or even democracy. More than 1,500 people
were arrested underthe act forcriticizing the governmentorthe war.
Reason(s) to Support the Decision Reason(s) to Opposethe Decision

>
Schenck vs. U.S.
0
= =
In this 1919 Supreme Court case, Charles Schenck, who had beenarrested for criticizing the
draft, argued that the Espionage Act violated his Ist Amendmentright to freedom of speech.
The judgesruled that the Sedition Act was constitutional because in times of war, the right of
free speech wasnot always unlimited. The Supreme Court declared that during a time of war,
free speech that threatened the wareffort could be limited.
Reason(s) to Support the Decision Reason(s) to Oppose the Decision
 Chapter 23 Section 3

Pushing the Germans Back

Pages 734-739

thinkit was better for the Allies

if Russia stayed in the war?

Using the map on page 737 in yourtext,

answerthe following questions.

THE WESTERN FRONT- 1918

: 9
# of Americans dead?
Americans fighting? Where did most ofthe fighting take place
(country)?

TURNING POINT What wasthe closest the Germans were from Paris?
Second Battle of the Marne

Significance?
Accordingto the armistice line, how much did the
borders of France, Belgium, and Germany change
at the end of the war?

FINAL RESULTS OF WWI

Armistice Date: Time:

Dead

# Wounded
# Civilian
Deaths
 Chapter 23 Section 4
The Legacy of World WarI
Pages 740-745

14 POINTS AND TREATY OF VERSAILLES

(knowthe differences!!!
Wilson’s Fourteen Points: “Peace Without ”
Whatdoes this mean?

Treaty of Versailles: hasto accept full blame for WWI.

KEY POINTS OF EACH TREATY

Circle which treaty 14 Points Treaty of Versailles
waspassed.
WhoLiked It?

Goal
Parts 1. 1. Define: |
Reparations

2 2

3 3

Whatat hihappened when Wilson

i Ik
talked =
N **Government Review**
to the Senate about the treaty?
a Why does Wilson have to ask the Senate about the
treaty that he negotiated?
lunch at your table with your pals. This all changed the day the new kid moved to the
table next to you. His name was Wilhelm, or Willie to his friends. Shortly after his
arrival, Willie decided that he wanted yourtable, the one closest to the vending
machines, for his own! While Willie’s size was intimidating, you had nodesire to give
up the perfect lunch table to a small-time bully.

At first there existed a tense peace between you and Willie. Then one day, Willie
showed up to lunch with two new friends, Ferdinand and Otto. Ferdinand and Otto
seemed to be as angry and aggressive as their newpal, Willie. Willie and his equally
nasty friends started to push their weight around and intimate everyoneelse at your
table. If they wanted somebody’s food, they just tookit. If they wantedtotell a joke at
your expense, they told it. And if they wanted to shove and trip you in front of the
entire cafeteria, they did it. Nobody stood in their way. Nobody was going ta mess with
Willie and his nasty friends.

Out of fear, you found yourself a couple of good-sized friendsfor allies, and it
appeared that your problems with Willie were ended since he no longer had the upper
hand. You and your new group weredefinitely happy to stay clear of Willie, Otto, and
Ferdinand.
Unfortunately, this all changed the momentyourfriend Ivan’s
pipsqueak brother chucked a french fry, and it smacked Willie’s
friend, Ferdinand, square in the middle of his gigantic forehead!
Every around the lunchroom chuckled nervously as they waited
to see what would happennext...

In a rage, Ferdinand came upto Ivan’s pipsqueak brother and demanded an apology.
Ivan’s pipsqueak brother, feeing safe in the companyof your two friends, Ivan and
Pierre, told Ferdinand to drop dead. Ferdinand, now angry and humiliated, knew he
couldn’t back down in front of the whole lunchroom. He had a reputation to keep, and
a lunch table to hold. So Ferdinand landed the motherof all stomach.punches.on.
Ivan’s pipsqueak brother, and to topit off, stole his lunch tray.

This was exactly what you feared. Ivan wasobligated to help his pipsqueak brother,
and you swore to Ivan that you would “get his back”if anything ever happened with
Willie and his nasty friends. As a result, Ivan jumped up and punched Ferdinand, and
Willie jumped up and punchedIvan! Willie also punched Pierre, and when he decided
to go after another one of your lunch buddies, Bill, you jumped in between Bill and
Willie’s fist, losing two teeth and gaining a bloody nose!
Soon spaghetti and fists were flying around the lunchroom. It was chaos! Almosthalf
the lunchroom was soon involved in a quarrel that should have been limited to your
two lunch tables. Unfortunately, you and your friends were getting beat up pretty
badly, and you soonstarted to look for a way out. The fighting got to be too muchfor
Ivan, who was having trouble at home as well, and he decided to quietly slip out the
back door, choosing to deal with Willie on another day.
As Willie started to smash you into the wall, you happened to look across the
lunchroom and spy one of the largest kids in school, Sam, standing on theside
watching the fight. You desperately called out to Sam for help, but he yelled back that
he didn’t want to get involved since he had no beefwith you orWillie.
At that moment, you decidedto tell Sam that it was Willie who hadwritten the note
about Sam that was uncovered in history class! It was Willie that had caused so much
embarrassment and anger in Sam when Mr. Zimmerread the note out loud to the
class! It was Willie who had called Sam a chicken and a loser! Sam stared to waiver,
and whenhesawhislittle sister, Lucy, get his by a stray chicken nugget,hefinally
decided to help out!

Luckily for you, it was Sam’s entrance into the fight that proves to be the difference.
Willie and his nasty friends are soon subduedto the point of being helpless at your
feet. Willie and his nasty friendstell you that they want to stop the feud between the
two groups at ANY conditions.

Whatwill you do?

1. What conditions would you force Willie and his nasty friends agree to?

2. If you were Assistant Principal Falzoi, the one in charge of discipline, how many
detentions or in/out of school suspensions would you give each of the following
students?
Willie: Otto:

Ferdinand:

Ivan: Ivan’s Pipsqueak brother:

Pierre: You:

Sam: The other 50 kids whoparticipated:

3. What do you think Assistant Principal Falzoi should do to solve the problems that
led to the whole incident, and what should he do to make sure that an incidentof this
nature never happens again?
4. Identify the following:

Black

White White

Red Red/Green

White

Blue

Red White

SI
 ALISM
Communist Countries: Capitalist Countries:
Communist in Reality vs. Capitalism in Reality vs.
Communism in Theory Capitalism in Theory

Government: Government:

Country is ruled by a dictator or 4 Voters choosetheir leaders in a

democracy. ANYONE whois a
severaldictators.
Thereis a one party system. citizen can participate in the

Candidatesare chosen by this government, but wealth is

party, and candidates run sometimes as determining factor.
unopposed.
à Multiple political parties compete
Leaders write the laws, and run in free and open elections.

the court system.

However, usually 2 or 3 parties
Citizens do not have manyrights dominate.
Newsis censored. Free speech is À Leaders chosen byvoters write the
limited. Dissent (disagreeing) is laws, laws must obey the
generally not allowed. constitution, as well as court
Those whovoice opposition decisions. However, sometimes
“disappear”. Fear is a motivating lawsare madeto favor personal
factor. preferences over majority rule.
A Civil rights, like free speech,is
Economy: guaranteed,and dissentis allowed

Government ownsfarms,factories, Economy:

and manybusinesses...for the good
of the country À Individuals can own farms,
Governmentdecides what to factories, and businesses.
produce, how much to pay the Businesses, called corporations, are
workers, and whatprices should
ownedby stock holders.
be charged for goods and Businessesare privately owned,
not owned by the government.
services...for the good of the
à Through the free enterprise system
country
Workersare “assigned”to certain or “free market” what is produced,
a

jobs...for the good of the country as well as the price of whatis

produced,is determined by supply
Job assignments are determined by
a

what needs to be done/produced and demand.

À Careers and jobs are chosen by
for the good of the country...for
the good of the country individuals. Anyone can achieve
It is a classless society. There are
the “American Dream”...well, in
norich or poorcitizens, all are theory
A Wagesare determined by
equal...well, in theory.
Goodsandservices are shared by employers, although the
government can set a minimum
all, all needs are met, but
sometimesnotfairly... wage.
À Goods and services are sold to
those whocan afford them. 2% of
the population generally controls
98% of the wealth.
 Read each description. Decide whetherit is describing something that mightoccurin a
COMMUNIST COUNTRY(C) or a CAPITALIST COUNTRY(S$).

1. Emily would like to open a new sporting goodsstore. She has saved up money, and
wants to find a vacant space in a shoppingplaza in her town.If her business goes well she
gets to keep all the profits.

2. Jacquessaysto his friend,“I think our presidentis a really obnoxious guy. We

should impeach him!”He is NOT arrested.

3. Peter would like to be a carpenter. However,the leader of his country is concerned

that there will not be enough wheat producedthis year. Peter will not become a carpenter,
but is sent to work on a government-owned farm instead.

4. Alexanderfalls while skateboarding. His parents take him to the hospital where his
brokenlegis put into a cast. Since health care costs in his country are covered by the
government, his parents do not have to worry aboutthecost.

5. Nicholasis his nation’s leader. Nicholas doesnot like the Big Sister Party. He sees
their activities are a threat to the country. Nicholas has all the membersof the Big Sister
Party shot. Now his party is the only party in his country.

6. Joseph tells his army’s generals to arrest the publisher of the nation’s leading
newspaperbecause the paperis saying nasty things about him. The generals comply with
Joseph’s request.

7. Melissa’s restaurantis doing great, so she decidesto issue stock and become a
corporation. She can use the revenueshe gains from selling shares to open three more
restaurants.

___— 8. Leo and his wife are assigned a small apartmentin the city. They can ask the
governmentfor a bigger apartment when they have children.

9. The governmenthasdecided that wheat will be sold for $5/bushel this year.

10. Wheat will sell for $5/bushel this year because that is what consumersare willing
to payforit.

CAPITALISM

POSITIVE
CHARACTERISTICS

NEGATIVE
CHARACTERISTICS
The Russian Revolution
Czarist Russia
Until 1917, Russia was ruled by a czar. A ezaris a ruler
who has absolute control over a country -also known as
an autocrat. Nicholas II was crowned the czar of Russia
in 1894. He tried to lead his country with an ironfist.
Rights were denied, and the people felt oppressed. People
who spoke out against the government were sent to
prison. Protests broke out in the streets. Protestors were
attacked by the Cossacks (Russian soldiers). Many people
were hurt, and evenkilled. In 1905, there was a
revolution against the rule of the czar. In order to keep his
position, Nicholas II was forced to accept a Duma
(legislature), where the people were given a voice in ruling
Russia. But the Duma was weak, and NicholasII kept
mostof the power. If members of the Dumadisagreed
with him they were sent away. The people of Russia were
Czar NicholasII
angry with the czar and his control.

In 1914, Germany declared war on Russia. After the Russian army experienced a
series of devastating defeats, Nicholas II personally took control of the army. In 1915,
as casualties mounted, Nicholas II was blamed, and discontent amongst the military
increased. The war was growing more and more unpopular on the front and at home.

While Nicholas wasat the Eastern Front fighting the war, his wife, Alexandra, wasleft
in charge of the country. As a result of her German heritage, she was despised and
untrusted. Alexandra began to take advice from a very suspicious and mysterious holy
man, named Rasputin. The people resented the influence of Rasputin, and he was
murdered. By 1917, there were food and fuel shortages. High unemployment meant
that huge numbersof people wereliving in poverty. People were dying. And to the
public, Alexandra appearedto carelittle about the plight of her people.

Communism
German philosopher, Karl Marx (1818-1883) wrote in his book the Communist
Manifesto, that industrialization had made the
middle class (the bourgeoisie) rich and
powerful, but had made the workers (the
proletariat) slaves. He said that the workers
should rebel and take power away from the
rich. He believed that nothing should be
privately owned and that everything should be
commonly owned. This theory is called
communism.

Marx’s philosophy was adopted by a group of

Russian revolutionaries, called the
Bolsheviks, who believed that the royal family
should be overthrown and communism introduced.
Vladimir Lenin
The leader of the Bolsheviks was Vladimir Lenin. After encouraging activities against
the royal family, he was forced to leave Russia to avoid being imprisoned. Lenin
continuedto be leader of the Bolsheviks while in exile in Finland — publishing
communistleaflets and raising money for the cause. He also spoke against the war,
and demanded that the czar withdraw Russian troops. As conditions worsened,
communism and the Bolsheviks were growing in popularity.

The February Revolution

Starving and in poverty, in February, 1917, the people rioted in
the streets of Russia. They were joined by soldiers and members
of the Duma. United against the czar, the people demanded he
step down. NicholasII was forced to abdicate (give up his crown),
and a newprovisional government took over. Many Bolsheviks,
including future leader of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin,
believed that the Russian people would not accept a socialist
government, and supported the provisional government led by
Alexander Kerensky, who was named President of Russia. The
workers, soldiers and peasants elected their own councils called
Soviets. The Soviets became as powerful as the government.
Even without Nicholas II in power, the Russian empire wasstill in
Joseph Stalin
turmoil.

The October Revolution

President Kerensky did not end the war as the people had hoped, but instead planned
a newoffensive against the Germans. Soldiers began deserting and returning to their
homes. Many of them used their weaponsto take land from therich.

In April, 1917, Vladimir Lenin returned from exile. He was angry that Russia wasstill
fighting in the war, and that many Bolsheviks supported the provisional government.
Joseph Stalin, whose popularity and power had grown while Lenin was away, had to
decide whether to oppose Lenin, or whether to abandonhis supportfor the provisional
government. He chose to support Lenin, and on October 24th, 1917, the Bolsheviks
seized the Winter Palace, in Petrograd, the headquarters of the provisional
government. The Bolshevik’s named Vladimir Lenin as the leader of Russia. (However,
many saw him asan illegitimate leader, and did not recognize his power.) In
December, 1917, Lenin signed the treaty of Brest-Litovsk which took Russia outof the
war. In 1918, the Russian royal family were murdered by the Bolsheviks.

Civil War
The Bolsheviks believed that the people would rise up, and overthrow oppressive
governments in areas that made up the Russian empire. Many Russiansdid not
support the Bolshevik governmentandtried to oppose the Bolsheviks. They feared
that once in power, the Bolsheviks would becomeas corrupt as the czar who had
preceded them. The Bolsheviks were known as “Reds”, while those that opposed them
were the “Whites”. (The Allied Powers threw their support behind the Whites, hoping
that a democratic government would emerge.) Eventually, civil war between the Reds
and Whites broke out. Armies from Britain, France and the U.S. supported the Whites,
but the Bolsheviks were more powerful. By 1922, the Bolsheviks were fully in charge
of the region that would be renamed the Soviet Union.
Name. Date. Period.

THE WAR TO END ALL WARS?

Overview: World War | officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on June 28, 1919. Negotiated amongthe Allied powers
withlittle participation by Germany. Compare Wilson’s 14 Points with the Treaty of Versailles and answer the guided questions.

What Wilson Wanted What the World Got

January 8, 1918
June 28,1919

1. No secret treaties
1. Germany must admit the war wastheir fault (war guilt
2. International seas shall be free to navigate during peace
clause)
and war.
2. Germany must disarm to an army less than 100,000
3. Removal of economic barriers related to trade
4. Worldwide reduction of armies men
5. Independencefor colonies 3.Germany to hand over colonies
6. The removal of armed forces from Russia 4. Germany must pay $30 billion in damages and
7. The removal of armed forces from Belgium reparations
8. French territory should be freed & restored, including 5. Germany’s navy reducedto 6 battleships with no
Alsace-Lorraine submarines
9. The bordersofItaly will be established; all Italians will be 6. Germany forbidden from havingan air force
within the country of Italy. 7. Formation of Poland, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia
10. Austria-Hungary will continue to be independent 8. League of Nations is established to keep peace
11. Serbia, Montenegro, and Romania will become 9. Germany was not allowed to join the League of Nations
independent 10. American Congress did not approve the Treaty and did
12. Creation of an Independent Turkey notjoin the League of Nations
13. Poland will become independent
14. A League of Nations will be formed

*HIGHLIGHT OR UNDERLINE
Which points from Wilson or the
Treaty you believe would have
helped the world maintain peace

QUESTION : 14 POINTS QUESTION what is the biggestdifference?

Why do you think they are so different?
4% What independent
nations are
formed/proposed?

2. What does it state in \

regards to size of armies
(worldwide or for a
specific country)?

3. What does it state

reparations ($ owed) QUESTION in 1919, when the U.S., France, and
and who should pay Britain hammered out the Treaty of Paris that
them? supposedly ended World War I, one of the provisions
was the League of Nations-a beloved project of
4. Does it state a country WoodrowWilson’s. It was decided that members of

thatshould'be blamed??
the league would be required to go to war against any
nation that attacked another member nation.
Who? Congress refused to go along with such a plan. Why do
you think Congress refused?

5. What punishments
does it lists?

6. How does it propose

peace will be
maintained?
 Name Date Class

World War I continued

DI) Sharpen Your Skills

Reading a Table: Study the table. Then mark each statement below either (T)
for true or (F) for false.

ARMIES MOBILIZED AND CASUALTIES IN WORLD WAR I*

Total Killed or Prisoners

Mobilized Died of Wounded and Total
Countries Forces Other Causes Casualties Missing |- Casualties
Allied & Associated Powers
Russia 12,000,000 1,700,000 4,950,000 2,500,000 9,150,000
France 8,410,000 1,357,800 4,266,000 537,000 6,160,800
British Empire 8,904,467 908,371 2,090,212 191,652 3,190,235
Italy 5,615,000 650,000 947,000 600,000 2,197,000
United States 4,355,000 126,000 234,300 4,500 364,800
Japan 800,000 300 907 3 1,210
Rumania 750,000 335,706 120,000 80,000 535,706
Serbia . 707,343 45,000 133,148 152,958 331,106
Belgium 267,000 13,716 44,686 34,659 93,061
Greece 230,000 5,000 21,000 1,000 27,000
Portugal 100,000 7,222 13,751 12,318 33,291
Montenegro 50,000 3,000 10,000 7,000 20,000
Total 42,188,810 5,152,115 12,831,004 4,121,090 22,104,209
Central Powers
Germany 11,000,000 1,773,700 4,216,058 1,152,800 7,142,558
Austria-Hungary 7,800,000 1,200,000 3,620,000 2,200,000 7,020,000
Turkey 2,850,000. 325,000 400,000 250,000 975,000
Bulgaria 1,200,000 87,500 152,390 27,029 266,919
Total 22,850,000 3,386,200 8,388,448 3,629,829 15,404,477
Grandtotal 65,038,810 8,528,315 21,219,452 7,750,919 37,508,686
*As reported by the United States War Departmentin February 1924.

1. The Allied Powers mobilized more forces than the Central Powers.

2. Germany had more casualties than any other country.

3. The Allied Powers mobilized a force of more than 65 million.

4. Russia, France, and the British Empire supplied over half of the
mobilized forces of the
Allied Powers.

5. The United States mobilized over 5 million soldiers.

6. More than three fourths of the Russians that were mobilized became
casualties.

7. The Central Powers had morecasualties than the Allied Powers.

Permission to reproduce this pageis granted to users of Land ofLiberty © Holt, Rinehart and Winston,
Publishers
Brain LEAGUE OF NATIONS Date:

POP
Name:
Class:
1 What can you infer about the reason why the U.S. followed
an poeta unit foreign policy during the late 1910s and early
1920s? 6 Which of the following is an example of domestic policy?
America's involvement in World War | had been costly and deadly
ou>

The U.S. had very poor relations with the governmentsofBritain A An agreement on international trade
and France
It was the height of the Great Depression, and the U.S. needed to B A treaty that ends a war
oo

focus on its own economy

The U.S. had never been involved in a war or treaty with A reduction in the federal income tax
European countries, and wanted to keep it that way
A cash loan to another country
Place the following events in sequence: A) The Leagueof
Nations is formed; B) World War II breaks out; C) Woodrow à r
Wilson delivers the "Fourteen Points" speech What wasthe relationship between the Leagueof Nations

ae
A,B,C and the United Nations?
Dow»

The League of Nations was eventually re-named the United

>
A,C,B
Nations
The League of Nations became the United Nations when America
WD
C,B,A
decided to join
The League of Nations inspired the creation of the United
oo
C,A,B
Nations
The League of Nations re-formed as the United Nations after
Which of the following is a true statement about American World War II
involvement in the League of Nations?
If a country disobeyed the Leagueof Nations, and economic
President Woodrow Wilson refused to allow the U.S. to join the sanctions didn't change its behavior, what could the League
ows

League of Nations do to bring that country into line?

Use its armyto force the country to obey
>

The Supreme Court ruled that joining the League of Nations

would violate the U.S. Constitution
Replace the country's government with a more reasonable
ou

Congress voted to keep the U.S. out of the League of Nations

government
In the election of 1920, American voters voted to keep the U.S. Take away the country's colonies and otherterritories
Fo

out of the League of Nations

Nothing, really
Which is an example of an economic sanction?

Which of the following terms best describes Woodrow

Refusing to import goods from a nation Wilson's "Fourteen Points" speech?
vosou>

Forward-looking
u>

Replacing the government of a nation

Refusing to recognize the existence of a nation Isolationist

Focused on domestic policy

oo

Re-drawing the borders of a nation

Reactionary
If two nations had a dispute, the League of Nations would
begin by urging them to:
10 Which countries could join the League of Nations?
Impose economic sanctions on one another
>

Negotiate with one another A European countries only

sun

Impose physical sanctions on one another B Democracies only

Ignore one another C Only countries that participated in World War |

D Any country

© 1999-2014 BrainPOP. All rights reserved. Visit us at

 Using your packet, map, and any other resource, provide and explain examples
of how the conclusion of WWI set Europe and therest of the world up for WWII
just 20 yearslater.

Explanation of how Cause led to WWII

In your opinion, besides what was suggested by Woodrow Wilson, what should have been
included in the Treaty of Versailles to fix the issues which led to WWI?
1. Why did so many countries participate in WWI?

2. Explain how the U.S.’s neutral stand at the beginning of WWI

was economically beneficial to the country. Provide specific
details to support your answer.

3. How wasthe U.S. home front transformed BEFORE & AFTER

its formal declaration of war?

4. Do you think Congress would have votedto go to warif the

Germans hadn’t sent the Zimmerman Telegram? Justify your
answer.
5. Explain why the U.S.'s physical involvement in WWI became
inevitable. Provide and explain several causes.

6. Why was the participation of U.S. combat troops the factor

leading to an overall Allied victory?

7. How do you think the government’s use of propaganda affected

Americans? ability to form their own thoughts about the war and
government policy?

8. Do you think a citizen's First Amendment right of Free Speech

should be upheld in times of war? Justify your answer.
y a elling Wor
ld War I
gratulations! You have been hired as a
memberof the Committee of Public
} & Information! Yourfirst assignmentis to
create a propagandaposter to support the war
on the U.S. homefront. It is your
responsibility to persuade the America
people to participate in the wareffort. Yo
poster could encourageenlisting in the
military, buying war bonds, growingvic
gardens, or one of the manyothertask:
governmentis promoting.

To successfully accomplish your goal complete the following:

1. Look through the actual WWI propagandaposters given to you
by the teacher.
2. Answerthe questions on the back of this worksheet using the
posters and your knowledgeof propaganda.
3. Create a poster of your own promoting someaspectof the war
effort.

(that’s me!) for an evaluation. The group with the most

persuasive posterwill win a free homeworkpasseach!

Question & Poster Assessment:

Questions Answered
Correctly with Facts, 9 4 3 2 1
Examples, Details
Poster is: Persuasive, 2 1
Convincing, Motivating, & 9 4 3
Influential
Poster Elements: 5 4 3 2 1
Slogan/Message, Image(s),
Use of Color or Symbolism,
Overall Presentation
 What is Propaganda?
Names:

A Germanleader once wrote, “The people can be made to see Heaven as

Hell, or the most wretched life paradise, by skillful and sustained use of
PROPAGANDA.”

In your own words, define PROPAGANDA:

Why would the government use PROPAGANDAin a time of war? (Don’t just
repeat your answerfrom above.)

| With your partner look at the sample WWI propagandaprovided.

Then answerthe corresponding questions.

1. Who was the propagandadesigned for and why? And, how do you know
this? List several elements that make you feel the way you do.

2. What is the propaganda (the whole packet) trying to persuade people to

think, do and feel? List several ideas. Were they effective? Explain your
answer.

Choose oneillustration. Indicate the illustration #

3. What emotional appeals are trying to be made to the American public? Do
you think they were convincing? Explain your answer. What in the poster
draws you to your conclusions?

4. Is wartime propaganda good or bad? Whatcould be theeffects of

propaganda on society? (Positive or Negative)
Name:

Decision for War: Comparing Points of View

The first selection below is from President Wilson’s request to Congressfor a declaration of war.
The second selection is from a speech made by Senator George Norris of Nebraska. During the
Senate debate of Wilson’s request, Norris opposed going to war. Read the twoselections
carefully. Then answer the questionsthatfollow.

The world must be made safe for democracy. Its peace must be planted upon the tested
foundations of political liberty. We have no selfish ends to serve. We desire no conquest, no
dominion. We are but one of the championsof the rights of mankind.

-WoodrowWilson, 1917

The enormousprofits of munition manufacturers, stockbrokers, and bond dealers would be

still further increased by our entrance into the war. This has brought us to the present moment,
when Congress, urged by the President, is about to declare war and engulf our country in the
greatest holocaust the world had ever known.

-George Norris, 1917

1. Define each of the following:

Dominion:

Champion:

Munition:

Engulf:

Holocaust:

2. What does Wilson say is the foundation of world peace?

3. Why does Wilson think the United States should enter the war?

4. Who does Norris say would profit if the United States entered the war?

5. Do you think most Americans in 1917 would agree with Wilson’s view of war or Norris’s
view? Explain.
y
Wartime Propagan
ME
Posters have been usedto sell and popularizea variety
of products. During World War I, the federal
governmentand other agencies usedposterto instill
patriotism in Americans. Many posters were drawn to
encourage people to buy bonds,join the army, and
conserve energy. Such posters contained propaganda
thatreflected the particular beliefs and interests of the
nation.

1, Examine Poster 1. What is the OVERALL

message the governmentis trying to convey
to Americans?

2. Why would a propaganda poster

=
encouragecitizens to eat “Baked, Boiled
and Broiled Foods” - consider preparation
techniques?

3. How will food win the war?

4. Consider Poster 2. Why is supporting

daylight savings time important in WWI?

5. Why do you think companies like the

United Cigar Stores Company created
posters like Poster 2?

6. Considering both posters, what are three

(3) elements that make these posters
persuasive?
 Europein
World War|

Allies

Central Powers

Neutral nations
qe

aw
ramal,
 rrde
Europe Before World WarI, 1914 EuropeAfter World War I, 1919

Atlantic Atlantic
Ocean Ocean

{ Nareay CA

1 300 600 Miles y 600 Miles RE) rd

a 300 600 Kilomeiers G 300 600 Kilometers 4

Source: Regional Extensions, 1999