Volume 8, Issue 1, January – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

A Review on E-Stamping in Digital Voting System

Using Block Chain and Cloud Server
Rohith Marath Sachin C B
Dept. of Computer Science Dayananda Sagar Dept. of Computer Science Dayananda Sagar
College of Engineering College of Engineering

Sanjay S Sanjeev F Annigeri Abhinav R B

Dept. of Computer Science Dept. of Computer Science Asst. Professor
Dayananda Sagar Dayananda Sagar Dept. Computer Science
College of Engineering College of Engineering DSCE Bangalore

Abstract:-We propose a e-stamping technique in Digital An e-voting systems positives far outweigh the
voting System which allows the voter to cast only one negatives. It solves various problems that plague the
vote.Here we are implementing the Android Application traditional systems such as voter intimidation and voter
for E-voting system using Blockchain and Cloud fraud by utilizing various technologies and algorithms to
Server.usage of Decentralized sys- tem eliminates the overcome them. It encourages more voter participation by
Single point failure and gives more trans- allowing voters to cast their vote conveniently from their
parency,anonymity for the voters.Hence,Ensures the homes and in turn also is more environmental friendly as
Trust by the voters.Voters can cast the vote remotely voters do not need to travel long distances to cast their vote.
from anywhere with the help of Android Device And The vote results can also be counted in a more accurate,
Voting Application On the Device.We are using Two cheap and rapid manner by using automated systems instead
Stage Authentication system for the application.i.e,Facial of manually counting them by hiring workers which is more
recognition and One time Password.Facial image of the expensive. The voters who are disabled or live in a remote
Voter is stored in the database along with voter id location reap the most benefits from such a system. But it
,this will be verified by the application server and also introduces some downsides which include being
followed by OTP authentication System with voter vulnerable to Cyber Attacks and a lack of transparency.
registered mobile number.after Successful login the Cyber Attacks can be prevented by using a more secure
voter can cast vote.During each vote castes, timestamp encryption standard such as 256-bit encryption. An e-voting
of the vote is recorded.Usage of E-stamping will ensure system can be implemented by several methods which
that voter can only vote once for the particular include Public network DRE voting system, Direct-
election.at the end Result of election is updated in the recording electronic voting system, Paper-based electronic
Application and notified to each voter. voting system, Online voting or it can be a combination
ofthe aforementioned models leading to a Hybrid system.
Keywords:- Blockchain, E-stamping, Facial Recognition,
OTP. DRE voting systems involves recording votes by
utilizing a ballot display which contains electro-optical or
I. INTRODUCTION mechanical components that can be operated on by the
voter ( such as a touchscreen, buttons or biometrics). It
E-voting also known as Electronic voting is a concept then processes the data inputs using software and records it
that has evolved recently due to the explosion in internet on to a safe and secure memory component which can be
popularity over the last three decades providing a large removable in order to transport the votes to a central
number of citizens access to the internet. Unlike traditional location for consolidation and announcement of results. To
voting which involves going to a designated polling booth to maintain the integrity of the votes we can utilize various
cast a vote, e-voting uses electronic means to aid casting and algorithms such as RSA and MD5 for encryption and
counting of ballots. It can be implemented either through an decryption of votes.
EVM (Electronic voting machines) or by taking votes from
computers on the internet which is known as Online voting. II. LITERATURE SURVEY
EVMs can include machines such as voting kiosks, punched
cards or optical scan systems. These systems can perform a  Chang-Hyun Roh and Im-Yeong Lee [1] Chang-Hyun
wide variety of tasks depending on the amount of Roh and Im-Yeong Lee has proposed e-voting system
automation required such as marking a paper ballot, vote to solve the problem of single point failure since the
recording, data encryption and consolidation and tabulation administrator is given full authority. the contents of the
of an elections results. ballot could be forged or tampered by a single point
of failure.it uses algorithms like proof-of-work, proof-
of-stake, and delegated proof-of-stake (DPoS).the main

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Volume 8, Issue 1, January – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
advantage of this e voting system is that it uses  Poman Sharad and Dr. G. M Bhandari2 [9] they
algorithm that provides more security by encrypting the proposed a system for eliminating the centralized voting
transaction. and bring decentralized voting through BCT. Unlike
Bitcoin with its Proof of Work its a method based on
 Tasmia Alvi et. al. [2] Tasmia Alvi, Mohammed Nasir a predetermined turn on the system for each node in the
Ud- din and Linta Islam has proposed the e-voting built of block chain.this system aims to decentralize,
using bio-hash and smart contract.A fascinating topic in transparency and trust in voting authority.
the current voting system is the modification of voting
globally the advantage is that it uses smart contract  srinivas et. al. [10] srinivas and his team have proposed
where it performs the authentication process of voter e- voting using bct and proof of vote consensus
and plays a role in selecting a Miner in the Blockchain algorithm. they used smart contract and proof of vote
to reduce the computational cost.the disadvantage of consensus algorithm to secure vote and maintain
the it lacks the encryption technique. anonymity of the voter.other features like byzantine
failure also used to make prov more efficient.
 Mahender Kumar et. al. [3] Mahender Kumar, Satish
Chand and C. P. Katti has proposed the voting system  Palekha et. al. [11] Palekha et. al.had proposed the
using Identity- Based Blind Signature the advantage of practical implementation of the electronic voting Web–
using this is that it ensures end to end security,mobility system.This is a client-server web application, which
to a voter The privacy of the system is achieved using provides best usage under different operating systems.
elliptic curve discrete logarithm and gap Diffie– This applications makes sure that voting system is
Hellman assumptions. simple and transparent.this web application lacks
proficient security measures.
 Garg et. al. [4] garg and her team has proposed De-
centralized System, drifting towards making Voting  Baoyuan Kang [12] Baoyuan Kang had proposed
Process simple, secure and anonymity.the proposed electronic voting system to cast their votes over a
system have simple authentication based on id and computer network which would be anonymous and
disadvantage is that it is not practically implemented. safe.This paper indicates the drawbacks and advantages
of the different research papers pro- posed by different
 Ahmed Ben Ayed [5] ahmed ben has proposed a authors.This paper mainly shows weakness in voting
concep- tual secure blockchain based e-voting system scheme i.e, Authentication Server is able to find out
focused on the technical and legal issues but there are who cast the votes on the tickets.
many limitations like they assumed that all voters will
use secured service. but still the security  Djanali et. al. [13] Djanali had proposed e-voting
vulnerabilities exists.its advantage is that it uses system using algorithm like sha-256 digital signature,
decentralized system which can we voted by connecting and rsa asym- metric encryption applied to database the
through internet. main advantage of this system is that it provides high
security but lacks practical application of system.
 Cosmas Krisna Adiputra et. al. [6] The decentralised
blockchain-based electronic voting system that Cosmas  Mohammad Kamel Alomari [14] Mohammad Kamel
Kr- ishna Adiputra and his team presented has excellent Alo- mari had proposed an e-voting system that
availabil- ity thanks to it’s distributed architecture.Here, ensures a high level of participation from voters and
they used an electronic voting method that used double give them a high sense of trust in the election system
envelope encryp- tion.Both user anonymity and work by calculating factors such as age, education and
proof are missing from this research. income which would in turn influence voter’s intention
to use an e-voting system. This is done by introducing a
 Jambhulkar et. al. [7] Prof. S.M. Jambhulkar and his proposed framework for e-voting digital divide factors.
team has proposed Web Based Internet Voting System
using Multi- ple Encryption. it uses mainly the concept  Roopak TM et. al. [15] Roopak T M proposed an e-
of multiple encryp- tion and decryption. provide voting system that reduced the percentage of abstention
security from attacks, when vote is travelling from and provided extended security against vote tampering.
include security threats from passive as well as active This is done byintroducing Aadhar integration in to the
intruder. disadvantage is that there is no bio metric e-voting system to overcome the replication of votes
authentication in the system they use id based login. and by using the bio-metric and VID of the voters
obtained from the Aadhar database.
 Mohib Ullah et. al. [8] ullah and his team has proposed
an e-voting system based on hybrid cryptosystem. the  Himanshu Vinod Purandare et. al. [16] Himanshu
advantage of this system is use of SMS of verification Vinod Purandare had proposed a way to improve the
of vote.which gives added security feature for the current e-voting system by introducing an application
voting system. that allows online voting using android applications that
will allow security and allows casting votes to be less
time consuming and in turn provide better results. It

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Volume 8, Issue 1, January – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
ensures that voters can cast their vote from anywhere in usage of smart contracts in the voting system.here the
the country but requires an internet connection and an authors didn’t discussed about the most of security
android phone. It provides security by introducing facial risks and authentication of voters.
recognition and an OTP.
 Zhao Yuehua et. al. [23] Zhaeo Yuehua had proposed
 Hamoud Alshammari et. al. [17] Homoud Alshammari an e-voting system that utilizes testing information and
has proposed an E-voting system that uses Quantum historical records to solve the problems which regular
computing applications in order to solve various voting systems suffer from such as no output and no
cybersecurity issues that current voting systems face high accuracy. The algo- rithm proposed can extract
such as eavesdropping, replay attack and man-in-the- services run time error messages from the disk and
middle attack by introducing an entan- glement concept. ALU to improve voting accuracy. It also improves the
This concept applies between two parties randomly, that integrity of the system and makes it intrusion- tolerant.
is, one person who is verifying ballots will create the
entangled state and keep it in the database to use for  Ramya Govindaraj et. al. [24] Ramya Govindaraj had
in the future if any non-repudiation occurs between two pro- posed an e-voting system designed in cloud in
voters. order to prevent several issues that occurs in a manual
voting system such as voter intimidation and
 Tulasi Menon et. al. [18] Tulasi Menon has proposed an exploitation. They had implemented a voting system
e-voting system which utilizes ID-Based Signatures in with features such as schemes that a specific party has
order to prevent the various issues that exist in other implemented. The system uses tickets to solve many
systems such as malicious users tampering with votes. It issues and prevents voters from casting invalid votes by
uses a Designated Versifier Ring signature that ensures using a polling system used by the heads and also
both security of the vote and provides anonymity. It allows voter anonymity.
also provides a receipt to the voter to check if his vote
has been taken into account and it won’t allow the voter  G. Shanmugasundaram et. al. [25] G.
to reveal their vote to another person. Shanmugasundaram and his team proposed an E-voting
system designed to tackle the various issues that plague
 Harshsa V Patil et. al. [19] Harsha V Patil has proposed the current model of e-voting system such as fake votes
an E-voting system that aims to solve the common and to improve the overall reliability of the electoral
problems of the traditional voting system such as vote process. It explores ways to detect fake votes and to
rigging, election ma- nipulation and polling booth maintain the integrity of the votes. It achieves this by
capturing by utilizing blockchain technology that solves using various technologies such as blockchain to
these issues.It also provides anonymity to the voters improve the reliability and security of the elections
while being open for public inspection. It mainly takes polls by integrating block chain with a bio-metric
advantage of the decentralized nature of blockchain to device. It also results in more accurate voting results
provide transparency and audit-able. and leads to better voter participation.

 Ashish Singh et. al. [20] Ashish Singh and his team had  Deepali Raika and Avimanyou Vatsa [13] they have
proposed digital voting system with the help of Block pro- posed bct based e voting system.nomination of
chain and using the Block chain to solve the security candidates, secure voter Identity, vote tampering, a
issues arises in the voting system.In this paper the donation to electoral parties or candidates, and counting
they discussed all the possible threats and it’s of votes and winner an- nouncement are main features
solution towards voting system and the it ensures of their system all these are verified by consensus
only registered users can vote and only one time mechanism. they have also implemented GUI for
they can vote. users.they can further enhance the system by using
crypto phrase for the public key (users’ identity) and
 Sudharsan B et. al. [21] Sudharsan B and his team transac- tion hash such that searching sorting using
showed the vulnerabilities in Electronic Voting Ethereum Query Language.
Machines(EVM) and the possible problems that can
arises from EVM’s in thispaper.here they given solution III. SUMMARY ON LITERATURE SURVEY
for the problems of EVM’s by storing the votes in the
decentralized network and securing the data using To summarize, after going through several research
Block-chain.This paper lacks the Security options like papers which specifically uses blockchain in an e-voting
encryption methods and the proposed system can’t system, we find out that the decentralized and peer-to-
handle large number of connected devices and peer nature of blockchain offers various advantages over
consistency. other platforms for an e-voting system such as transparency,
prevention of duplicate votes and thereby preserves the
 Ali Kaan et. al. [22] Ali Kaan and his team outline the authenticity and integrity of the voting system. We are
concepts of usage smart contracts in ethereum therefore going forward with the proposal of implementing
platform for the e-voting system.Using the Ethereum an e-voting system which will be deployed on the Ethereum
platform the authors showed the great consistency and blockchain network and utilize techniques such as E-

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Volume 8, Issue 1, January – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
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