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    Handout 6. Poultry Production (Overview and Breeds)

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    Jennie Grace Maloom
    The poultry sector needs to respond to growing demand for meat and eggs while also considering sustainability. The document provides an overview of the global poultry industry, including top producers and consumers. It also discusses the development and challenges of the industry, and covers common poultry species and their classification.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Handout 6. Poultry Production (Overview and Breeds)

    Uploaded by

    Jennie Grace Maloom
    83 views30 pages
    The poultry sector needs to respond to growing demand for meat and eggs while also considering sustainability. The document provides an overview of the global poultry industry, including top producers and consumers. It also discusses the development and challenges of the industry, and covers common poultry species and their classification.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    The poultry sector needs to respond to growing demand for meat and eggs while also considering sustainability. The document provides an overview of the global poultry industry, including top producers and consumers. It also discusses the development and challenges of the industry, and covers common poultry species and their classification.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    83 views30 pages

    Handout 6. Poultry Production (Overview and Breeds)

    Uploaded by

    Jennie Grace Maloom
    The poultry sector needs to respond to growing demand for meat and eggs while also considering sustainability. The document provides an overview of the global poultry industry, including top producers and consumers. It also discusses the development and challenges of the industry, and covers common poultry species and their classification.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 30

    The poultry sector needs to respond to the growing demand for meat and eggs and

    enhance its contribution to food security and nutrition. However, to be sustainable, it


    needs to consider its roles beyond just providing food.
    POULTRY PRODUCTION
    OUTLINE
    1. Overview of Poultry Production
    2. Species of Poultry
    3. Specialized Fields in Poultry
    4. Production Systems
    5. Management Practices

    Poultry Production 3
    I. OVERVIEW OF THE POULTRY INDUSTRY

    Status Popularity and Problems


    (national & global) Development Encountered
    OVERVIEW OF
    THE POULTRY
    INDUSTRY

    • Poultry Characteristics
    • fastest growing
    agricultural sub-sectors,
    esp. in developing
    countries
    • short production cycles
    • efficient meat & egg
    converter

    Ngongolo et al. (2021)


    Number of
    chickens
    worldwide
    (2022), in
    million
    animals

    Poultry Production 6
    Chicken meat production worldwide from 2012
    Chicken meat production, global,
    to 2020 (in 1,000 metric tons) – Statista (2020) actual and projected, 1950 to 2050
    (Qualman, 2018)

    Top producers (2019) Top consumers (2019)


    • China • China
    • US
    • the European Union • Brazil
    • Britain
    • Brazil By the year 2050, the world is expected to produce
    approximately 190M tons of chicken meat.
    • Mexico
    Poultry and Eggs:
    1. Status of the Poultry Industry Volume of Production (2017-2021)
    Chicken Inventory by Type
    1. Status of the Poultry Industry (2017-2021)
    Chicken Inventory by Region
    1. Status of the Poultry Industry (2017-2021)
    2. Popularity and Development of the Poultry Industry

    Duck
    Chicken

    Quail
    business and
    increase in livelihood
    human
    population
    increase in
    genetic
    demand
    variability

    Development in the Poultry Industry

    adaptation to a wide
    commercial formulated
    range of environmental
    farms rations
    conditions

    improved
    breeds
    business and
    increase in livelihood
    human
    population
    increase in
    genetic
    demand
    variability

    Development in the Poultry Industry

    adaptation to a wide
    commercial formulated
    range of environmental
    farms rations
    conditions

    improved
    breeds
    3. Problems in the Poultry Industry

    ● high cost of production in relation to farm gate price


    ● unstable supply of good quality inputs
    ● marketing system
    ○ insufficiency of market system
    ○ lack of market information
    ○ unstable prices
    ○ poor grading standard for eggs
    ● prevalence of diseases
    ● climate
    ● insufficient financial resources
    ● lack of government price support for poultry products
    II. SPECIES OF POULTRY
    Common Name Scientific Name Egg Weight (g) Incubation Period (days)
    Chicken Gallus gallus domesticus 58 21
    Pekin duck Anas platyrhynchos 92 28
    Mallard duck Anas boschas 63 28
    Muscovy duck Cairina moschata 70 35-37
    Turkey Meleagris gallopavo 85 28
    Quail Coturnix coturnix 12 16-18
    Pigeon Columbia livia 17 18
    Geese Anser anser 200 30-31
    Ostrich Struthio camelus 1400 42
    Peafowl Pavo cristatus 95 28
    Pheasant Phasianus colchicus 32 23-24
    Guinea fowl Numida meleagris 40 28
    (a) Al-Obaidi et al. (2016)
    1. The Origin of the Chicken

    ● Domestication - 2000 B.C.


    ● Chicken ancestry can be traced back to four species of wild jungle fowl
    from Southeast Asia.
    ➢ Red - Gallus gallus
    ➢ Grey - Gallus sonneratii
    ➢ Green - Gallus varius
    ➢ Ceylon - Gallus lafayetii

    Primary ancestor of
    all domestic chickens
    The geographic distribution of the four junglefowl species (Lawal et al., 2020)
    Four kinds of jungle fowl live in forests across South Asia, though in slightly
    different environments. (Lawler, 2012)
    2. Development of Modern Breeds/Varieties

    Natural Artificial

    Genetic Mutation Selection Mating Systems

    Qualitative and Quantitative Characters


    Wild Jungle Fowl < Modern Chicken
    3. Classification of Chickens

    Class group of breeds developed in a particular geographical area

    Breed group of chickens within a class similar in body, shape, and form

    Variety subdivision of a breed identified by plumage color or comb type

    closed population within a variety which has been under constant


    Strain selection for certain traits by a specified breeder for about 5-8 yrs
    group of breeds developed in a particular geographical area
    Class
    Standard Classification

    The American Standard of Perfection is a


    "complete description of all recognized breeds
    and varieties of domestic poultry.“

    The American Poultry Association (APA)


    is the oldest poultry organization in the North
    America. It was founded in 1873 and
    incorporated in Indiana in 1932.
    group of breeds developed in a particular geographical area
    Class
    Standard Classification

    Class Common Breeds Nature


    a. Plymouth Rock yellow skin and shanks
    b. Wyandotte red earlobes
    1.American Class c. Rhode Island Red non-feathered shanks
    d. New Hampshire lay brown shelled eggs
    e. Jersey Giant
    group of breeds developed in a particular geographical area
    Class
    Standard Classification

    Class Common Breeds Nature


    a. Brahma large bodies
    b. Cochin heavy bones
    c. Langshan feathered shanks
    2.Asiatic Class yellow skin
    red earlobes
    lay brown-shelled eggs
    group of breeds developed in a particular geographical area
    Class
    Standard Classification

    Class Common Breeds Nature


    a. Ancona feathers are tightly arranged
    b. Blue Andalusian with their body
    3.Mediterranean c. Leghorn smaller size
    d. Minorca featherless legs
    Class e. White Faced Black Spanish early layers
    white lobes
    lay white-shelled eggs
    group of breeds developed in a particular geographical area
    Class
    Standard Classification

    Class Common Breeds Nature


    a. Australorp generally for meat
    b. Cornish white skin except Cornish
    4.English Class c. Dorking (yellow skin)
    d. Orpington lay brown-shelled eggs except
    e. Sussex Dorkings (white-shelled)
    Classification based on
    UTILITY

    Classification Nature Common Breeds


    Smaller size a. Leghorn
    Large white-shelled eggs b. Minorca
    1. Egg type Active & nervous in c. Ancona
    temperament d. Mikawa
    Non-sitters
    Classification based on
    UTILITY

    Classification Nature Common Breeds


    Large size a. Brahma
    Slow moving b. Cochin
    Quiet & gentle in c. Langshan
    2. Meat type disposition d. Cornish
    Poor egg layers e. White Rock
    Lay brown-shelled eggs
    Classification based on
    UTILITY

    Classification Nature Common Breeds


    Medium-sized a. Black Australorp
    Good layers, but also have b. Sussex
    3. Dual purpose heavy-set builds c. Wyandotte
    type d. Orpington
    e. Rhode Island
    Red
    Classification based on
    UTILITY

    Classification Nature Common Breeds


    Beautiful plumage a. Frizzle
    4. Fancy/ Rare unusual appearance b. Bantam
    ornamental Ornamentals/pets c. Long Tailed

    type
    Classification based on
    UTILITY

    Classification Nature Common Breeds


    Fighting type a. Ruble
    For gameness, pugnacity, b. Hulsay
    5. Game Fowl and stamina c. Claret
    d. Oasis

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