Tema 2. Control Hormonal
Tema 2. Control Hormonal
Tema 2. Control Hormonal
1. Existen varios niveles de control metabólico para obtener el máximo de eficacia, así como un control sobre
las distintas rutas metabólicas:
a) Control de la expresión de los genes que codifican para proteínas
b) Control hormonal por modulación covalente
c) Control mediante efectores alostéricos
d) Todas son verdaderas
2. Which of the following hormones binds to a receptor tyrosine kinase?
a) Glucagon
b) Thyroxine
c) Epinephrine
d) Insulin
e) Cortisol
3. Insulin receptor activation stimulates the phosphorylation of each of the following proteins except:
a) Insulin receptor
b) PKA
c) IRS-1
d) PDK
e) PKB
4. Which of the following pathways correctly shows how glycogen synthase is activated in response to the
activation of IRS-1 by insulin binding?
a) IRS-1 causes activation of protein kinase B which phosphorylates glycogen synthase kinase thus preventing
phosphorylation of glycogen synthase
b) IRS-1 activates phosphoinositide 3-kinase and the resulting PIP3 is an allosteric activator of glycogen synthase
c) IRS-1 activates guanylate cyclase and the resulting cGMP binds to glycogen synthase kinase thus preventing
phosphorylation of glycogen synthase
d) IRS-1 activates adenilato cyclase and the resulting cAMP binds to glycogen synthase kinase thus preventing
phosphorylation of glycogen synthase
e) IRS-1 activates phosphoinositide 3-kinase and the resulting PIP3 is an allosteric inhibitor of glycogen synthase
6. Beta blockers are drugs used to control tachycardia by countering the effects of epinephrine. Which second
messenger would be expected to decrease in a patient treated with a beta blocker
a) cAMP
b) DAG
c) IP3
d) Ca2+
e) cGMP
7. Caffeine prolongs and intensifies the effects of epinephrine. Which of the following potential mechanisms of
action of caffeine is consistent with this effect
a) Inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase
b) A competitive antagonist of cAMP binding to PKA
c) Stimulates phospholipase C beta
d) Inhibits sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase
e) Activates PKC
8. Which of the following is true of glucagon?
a) It is released from the pancreatic β-cells when glucose levels are low
b) Its synthesis and release are exclusively under the control of epinephrine
c) The primary targets of glucagon are liver, adipose and muscle tissue
d) Major pathways promoted by glucagon include glycogenolysis and lipolisis
e) It binds to a RTK receptor
14. Most steroid hormones exert their effects by initial binding to which of the following receptors?
a) Receptor in mitochondria
b) Receptor in cytosol
c) Receptor in nuclear membrane
d) Receptor in cell membrane
e) Receptor in nucleus
17. Asigne a cada término (con letras) la descripción correspondiente (con números):
a) Proteína quinasa A
b) Cuerpo cetónico
c) Glucagón
d) Inositol trifosfato IP3
e) Insulina
f) Adrenalina
1) Sirve de combustible al cerebro si falta la glucosa.
2) Activa un canal de Ca2+
3) Aumenta el nº de transportadores GLUT4 en los miocitos
4) Estimula la glucogenólisis muscular
5) Proteína quinasa dependiente de AMPc.
6) Estimula la glucogenólisis hepática
a) Las hormonas lipídicas, como el glucagón, se unen siempre a un receptor de membrana de tipo GPCR.
b) Las proteínas quinasas realizan reacciones de fosforilación únicamente sobre residuos de Ser, Tyr ó Thr.
c) Las hormonas tiroideas T3 y T4 pueden difundir por las membranas de sus células diana mediante un
transporte pasivo debido a su carácter liposoluble.
d) La glucosa entra en las células β del páncreas a través de los GLUT4 mediante un transporte activo.