Q)Drivers for Business Analytics retention by processing employee data.

Similarly, an
HR department can also analyze which competence
• Increasing numbers of relevant computer packages
(qualification, knowledge, skill, or training) has the
and applications. One example is the R programming
most influence on the organization’s or team’s
environment with its various data sets,
capability to deliver quality within committed
documentation on its packages, and ready-made
timelines.
algorithms. • Feasibility to consolidate related and
relevant data from various sources and of various •Product Design: Product design is not easy and often
types.An example is the consolidation of information involves complicated processes. Risks factored in
from data files in a Microsoft SQL Server database during product design, subsequent issues faced during
with data from a Twitter message stream. • Growth of manufacturing, and any resultant issues faced by
seemingly infinite storage and computing capabilities customers or field staff can be a rich source of data
by clustering multiple computers and extending these that can help you understand potential issues with a
capabilities via the cloud. An example is the use of future design. This analysis may reveal issues with
Apache Hadoop clusters to distribute and analyze materials, issues with the processes employed, issues
huge amounts of data. • Availability of many easy-to- with the design process itself, issues with the
use programming tools, platforms, and frameworks. • manufacturing, or issues with the handling of the
Emergence of many algorithms and tools to effectively equipment installation or later servicing. The results
use statistical and mathematical concepts for business of such an analysis can substantially improve the
analysis. One example is the k-means algorithm used quality of future designs by any company.
for partition clustering analysis. •The need for
business survival and growth techniques in our highly •Service Design: Like products, services are also
competitive world. The highly competitive nature of carefully designed and priced by organizations.
business requires each company to deep-dive into Identifying components of the service (and what are
data in order to understand customer behaviour not) also depends on product design and cost factors
patterns and take advantage of them. • Business compared to pricing. The length of warranty, coverage
complexity arising from globalization. An economic or during warranty, and pricing for various services can
political situation in a particular country can affect the also be determined based on data from earlier
sales in that country experiences and from target market characteristics.
Some customer regions may more easily accept “use
Q)Applications of Business Analytics: Business and throw” products, whereas other regions may
analytics has been applied effectively to many fields, prefer “repair and use” kinds of products.
including retail, e-commerce, travel, hospitality,
logistics, and manufacturing. Furthermore, business •Customer Service and Support Areas After-sales
analytics has been applied to a whole range of other service and customer service is an important aspect
businesses, including predictive failure analysis of that no business can ignore. A lack of effective
machines and equipment. customer service can lead to negative publicity,
impacting future sales of new versions of the product
•Marketing and Sales: Marketing and sales teams are or of new products from the same company. Hence,
the ones that have heavily used business analytics to customer service is an important area in which data
identify appropriate approaches to marketing in order analysis is applied significantly. Customer comments
to reach a maximum number of potential customers on the Web or on social media (for example, Twitter)
at an optimized or reduced effort. These teams use provide a significant source of understanding about
business analytics to identify which marketing channel the customer pulse as well as the reasons behind the
would be most effective (for example, e-mails, web issues faced by customers.
sites, or direct telephone contacts). They also use
business analytics to determine which offers make
sense to which types of customers (in terms of
geographical regions, for instance) and to specifically
tune their offers.

•Human Resources :Retention is the biggest problem

faced by an HR department in any industry, especially
in the support industry. An HR department can
identify which employees have high potential for
Q)Skills Required for a Business Analyst: •Understanding Data Structures and Data Storage/
Warehousing Techniques: Knowledge of data
Understanding the Business and Business Problems
structures and of data storage/warehousing
Having a clear understanding of the business and
techniques eases the life of a business analyst by
business problems is one of the most important
eliminating dependence on database administrators
requirements for a business analyst. If the person
and database programmers. This enables business
analyzing the data does not understand the
analysts to consolidate data from varied sources ,put
underlying business, the specific characteristics of that
them into a proper structure, and store them
business, and the specific problems faced by that
appropriately in a data repository. The capability to
business, that person can be led to the wrong
query such a data repository is another additional
conclusions or led in the wrong direction. Having only
competence of value to any business analyst.
programming skills along with statistical or
mathematical knowledge can sometimes lead to •Knowing Relevant Statistical and Mathematical
proposing impractical suggestions for the business. Concepts Data analytics uses many statistical and
mathematical concepts on which various algorithms,
•Understanding Data Analysis Techniques and
measures, and computations are based. A business
Algorithms Data analysis techniques and algorithms
analyst should have good knowledge of statistical and
must be applied to suitable situations or analyses. For
mathematical concepts in order to properly use these
example, linear regression or multiple linear
concepts to depict, analyze, and present the data and
regression may be suitable if you know that there
the results of analysis. Otherwise, the business analyst
exists a strong relationship between a response
can lead others in the wrong direction by
variable and various predictors. You know, for
misinterpreting the results.
example, that geographical location, proximity to the
city center, or the size of a plot has a bearing on the Q)Life Cycle of a Business Analytics Project:
price of the land to be purchased. Clustering can allow
1.Start with a business problem and all the data
you to cluster data into various segments. Using and
considered as relevant to the problem or Start with
applying business analytics effectively can be difficult
the data to understand what patterns you see in the
without understanding these techniques and
data and what knowledge you can decipher from the
algorithms.
data.2. Study the data and then clean up the data for
•Having Good Computer Programming Knowledge missed data elements or errors. 3. Check for the
Good computer knowledge is required for a capable outliers in the data and remove them from the data
business analyst, so that the analyst doesn’t have to set to reduce their adverse impact on the analysis. 4.
depend on other programmers who don’t understand Identify the data analysis technique(s) to be used (for
the business and may not understand the statistics or example, supervised or unsupervised). 5. Analyze the
mathematics behind the techniques or algorithms. results and check whether alternative technique(s)
Having good computer programming knowledge is can be used to get better results. 6. Validate the
always a bonus capability for business analysts, even results and then interpret the results. 7. Publish the
though it is not mandatory because analysts can results (learning/model). 8. Use the learning from the
always employ a computer programmer. Computer results / model arrived at. 9. Keep calibrating the
programming may be necessary to consolidate data learning / model as you keep using it.
from different sources as well as to program and use
Q)The Framework for Business Analytics statistics
the algorithms.
contributes to a significant aspect of effective
business analysis. Similarly, the knowledge discovery
enablers such as machine learning have contributed
significantly to the application of business analytics.
Another area that has given impetus to business
analytics is the growth of database systems, from SQL-
oriented ones to NoSQL ones. All these combined
together, along with easy data visualization and
reporting capabilities, have led to a clear
understanding of what the data tells us and what we
understand from the data. This has led to the vast
application of business analytics to solve problems available to support each piece of the business
faced by organizations and to drive a competitive analytics framework. The following diagram presents
edge in business through the application of this some of these tools, along with details of the
understanding. There are umpteen number of tools framework.

Types of data visualization: ii)The bar chart or bar graph is one of the most
i)A line chart or line graph is a data visualization type common data visualizations on this list. They’re
that showcases changing data over time. Like a bar sometimes also referred to as column charts. Bar
graph, the line chart has an x and y-axis. The charts are used to compare data along two axes. One
difference is that both axes contain numerical values of the axes is numerical, while the other visualizes the
representative of the data. categories or topics being measured.
•To create a line chart, input the relevant time frame You can use a bar chart with vertical bars or horizontal
along the x-axis and the quantitative measurement on bars. On vertical bar graphs, numerical values are on
the y-axis. Plot the data in the graph by connecting the y axis (vertical axis); on horizontal bars, they are
the time value and the numeric value. After plotting on the x-axis (horizontal axis.)
all the dots, connect them with a line. To choose which style of bar graph to use, take a look
•A line graph can have one line or several. In the case at your data. If your qualitative data has long,
of a chart with several lines, each one represents a descriptive names, then a horizontal bar chart would
category. Every category has a color and the be the best choice. Another creative option is to use a
description is detailed in the legend. visual axis system
iii)A scatter plot is a data visualization type used to
analyze the correlation between variables. The data is
plotted on the chart as dots at the intersection of its
two values.
•When there are dots outside of the expected range,
these are called outliers and should be taken into
consideration when analyzing the data. Use scatter
plots where your variables are related to each other
regarding a group of test subjects.
 • Stay away from plotting too many data points on a
scatter plot or it will become impossible to read. Use
no more than two different color dots and always use
a legend if that’s the case.

iv)The second most common data visualization on

this list is the pie chart. The data in a pie chart
represent parts of a whole. The entirety of the circle is
the whole, and each wedge is a relevant section.
•The best type of data for a pie chart has no more vi)column chart is a data visualization where each
than five or six parts. Any more than this makes the category is represented by a rectangle, with the
wedges too thin at the center. If more than three height of the rectangle being proportional to the
values are similar to each other, it will be difficult to values being plotted. Column charts are also known as
discern the difference. vertical bar charts.
• The best pie charts use contrasting colors that fit Advantages of column charts
well together, making each wedge visually different •The data has a small number of discrete categories,
from the one next to it. with a single value for each category.
v)A bubble chart is an extension of the scatter •The goal is to compare the values of each category.
plot used to look at relationships between three •The intent is to make it simple for the viewer.
numeric variables. Each dot in a bubble chart
corresponds with a single data point, and the
variables’ values for each point are indicated by
horizontal position, vertical position, and dot size.
•Like the scatter plot, a bubble chart is primarily used
to depict and show relationships between numeric
variables. However, the addition of marker size as a
dimension allows for the comparison between three
variables rather than just two.
• In a single bubble chart, we can make three different
pairwise comparisons (X vs. Y, Y vs. Z, X vs. Z), as well vii)heat map is a two-dimensional representation
as an overall three-way comparison. of data in which values are represented by colors.
A simple heat map provides an immediate visual
summary of information. More elaborate heat
maps allow the viewer to understand complex
data sets.
•There can be many ways to display heat maps,
but they all share one thing in common -- they use
color to communicate relationships between data
values that would be would be much harder to
understand if presented numerically in a
spreadsheet.

Features and Importance of Data Visualization

It comprises of some specific features due to which it
is used versatile:
•It is interactive and exposed trends,
•It contributes a viewpoint, narrates a story and •It fixes data into meaning and conserves time,
describes the process, •It grants access to raw data and extracts meaningful,
•It applies animation and real images, knowledgeable insights.