See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/326111293

Spur Gear Design by using Matlab Code

Article · November 2015

CITATION READS

1 9,598

2 authors:

T. Ravi Midhun Ranjan

15 PUBLICATIONS   31 CITATIONS   
SVS College of Engineering
1 PUBLICATION   1 CITATION   
SEE PROFILE
SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Principles and Applications of Additive Manufacturing Technology View project

Healthcare, Assistive Technology & 3D Printing View project

All content following this page was uploaded by T. Ravi on 02 July 2018.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 3, Issue 10, 2015 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Spur Gear Design by using Matlab Code

T.Ravi1 R.Midhun2
1,2
Assistant Professor
1,2
Department of Mechanical Engineering
1,2
SVS College of Engineering, Coimbatore
Abstract— One of the most important component in (turning force) of rotation. It can transfer rotation to a
mechanical is Gear for the transmission of power with ease different axis or translate rotational into linear motion or
and with less friction. Its main aim is to transfer torque from vice versa
one shaft to other. There are different kinds of gears namely
C. Classification of Gears
spur gear, helical gears, worm gears etc. Gear drives are
used for different kinds of machines like automobiles, metal The basic classification of gears includes the following
cutting tools, material handling equipment’s, rolling mills, types, they are
marine power plants etc. The friction and other losses in this  Spur gear
type of power transmission equipment is comparatively very  Helical gear
low. In this work a software called “MATLAB” is used to  Worm gear etc.
design a Spur Gear. MATLAB is widely used for lot of 1) Spur Gear
research purposes for obtaining accurate results and it has Gear having straight teeth cut on the rim, parallel to the axis
got a lot of built in functions which makes it versatile. It is a of rotation. Most common & cost-effective type of gear.
user friendly one and when executed it ask the inputs and Designed to transmit motion & power between parallel
performs the necessary design calculations and gives shafts, which rotates in the opposite direction. Plastic, brass,
necessary output values. As computers are used to perform steel, & aluminum are the materials generally used for
the task of gear design becomes simple, friendly and error manufacturing. Electric screwdrivers, oscillating sprinklers,
free. windup alarm clocks, washing machines, clothe dryers &
Key words: MATLAB, Spur Gear conveyors are just a few everyday machines where spur
gears are used. Spur gears are also used in construction
I. INTRODUCTION equipment's machine tools, marine hoists, turbine drives,
A Gear defined as the mechanical element used for multi-spindle drives, indexing equipment’s& roller feeds.
transmitting power and rotary motion from one shaft to
another by means of progressive engagement of projections II. ABOUT MATLAB
called teeth. Spur Gears use no intermediate link or MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory) is an interactive system for
connector and transmit the motion by direct contact. The matrix-based computation, designed for scientific and
two bodies have either a rolling or a sliding motion along engineering use. MATLAB is a high performance language
the tangent at the point of contact. No motion is possible for technical computing. It integrates computation,
along the common normal as that will either break the visualization, and programming in an easy-to-use
contact or one body will tend to penetrate into the other. environment where problems and solutions are expressed in
Thus, the load application is gradual which results in low familiar mathematical notations
impact stresses and reduction in noise. Therefore, the spur 1) Typically uses include:
gears are used in transmitting power with very less friction  Math and computation
losses.  Algorithm development
A. Gears  Modeling, simulation, and prototyping
 Data analyzing, exploration and visualization
Imagine two disks are placed side by side, tangent to each
 Scientific and engineering graphics
other (both touching), if one disk was rotated, due to friction
 Application development including graphical user
(caused by surface roughness) the other disk would also
interface building.
rotate (in the opposite direction) however, slippage would be
MATLAB is a software package for high-performance
introduced due to variation in the surface roughness. Now if
numerical computation and visualization. It provides an
we were to increase that surface roughness by cutting the
interactive environment with hundreds of built-in functions
disks and forming teeth on the circumference (circular outer
for technical computation, graphics, and animation. Best of
part) then slippage would be eliminated. As a result, we
all, it also provides easy extensibility with its own high-level
would have one of the most important fundamental
programming language. MATLAB is an interactive system
mechanical devices, which can manipulate speed, torque and
whose basic data element is an array that does not requires
rotational axis. Almost all machines that involve rotation
dimensioning. This allows solving many technical
have gears. Gears are found in everything from cars to
computing problems especially those with matrix and
clocks.
vectoring foundation.
B. Requirement of Gear:
Gears have neat characteristics which aid in the
development of complex machineries: Gears can transmit
power with very less friction loss. Gears can reverse the
direction of rotation. It can change the speed or torque

All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 191

 Spur Gear Design by using Matlab Code
(IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/044)

III. GEAR NOMENCLATURE P=

P = power in Watts.
= speed in rpm of pinion.
= Normal twisting moment in N-m.
Initially may be assumed as 1.3.
And
E = Equivalent young’s modules
=
The design stress to be substituted in the above
expression should be the minimum value, and usually
formula based on 20 degrees pressure angle is preferred.
5) Based on Beam Strength or Bending Stress, Determine
Fig. 1: Gear Nomenclature the Minimum Module As

IV. MATRIX OPERATORS √

MATLAB has several operators for our use. Where
+ Addition = Design bending stress which should be the minimum
- Subtraction value.
* Matrix multiplication
/ Division (Initially assumed)
^ Exponentiation = Number of teeth on pinion (usually selected from 14 to
.* term-by-term multiplication. 20 initially)
. / term-by term division y = from factor corresponding to (PSG).
. Term-by term exponentiation 6) After calculating the minimum module, select the next
>> MATLAB prompt standard module from table (PSG).
7) Then correct the number of teeth on pinion using the
A. Spur Gear Design Procedure: standard module and minimum Centre distance as
1) From the statement of problem, note down the power to
be transmitted, pinion, speed, gear ratio, life of gear drive
and other working conditions. 8) Similarly finalize the Centre distance using standard
2) Based on the transmitting power and gear ratio, select a module and corrected number of pinion teeth as
suitable material. Usually the pinion is subjected to more
loading cycles then gear and hence the material selected for
pinion should be strong than gear material. 9) Find out the pitch circle diameters for pinion and gear
3) Note the design surface compressive stress and bending as and where .
stress for the selected material from design data book (or) Also the Centre distance “a” is equal to
find them by using the formula. 10) Find the face width “b” as b= (or)
Or and Adopt the higher value.
And for rotation in one direction only. 11) Calculate the pitch line velocity using m/s
= for rotation in both directions. and also note the values of load concentration factor (k) and
4) Based on Surface Compressive Stress, Determine the the dynamic load factor from PSG based on ( ) ratio
Minimum Center Distance Required for the Gear Drive As and pitch line velocity and evaluate the actual transmitted
torque as =
√{ } 12) Then determine the induced surface compressive stress
and bending stress as
For 20 degree pressure angle
( )√
√{ }
For 20 degrees pressure angle
For 14.5 degree pressure angle
In the above expression And (Here y=form factor for corrected
a= Center distance 13) Evaluate the other parameters of gear such as
i= Gear ratio= addendum, dedendum, tip circle diameter, root circle
diameter, circular pitch etc… as follows
(i+1) for external gearing and (i-1) for internal gearing Addendum =
= Design torque Dedendum=
= Where =Height factor
Where is the normal twisting moment and is obtained =1 for full depth teeth
from the power as, =0.8 for stub teeth

All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 192

 Spur Gear Design by using Matlab Code
(IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/044)

C= clearance factor V. MATLAB OUTPUT WINDOW

= 0.25 for full depth The Matlab program we designed takes the input values as
= 0.3 for stub teeth shown in the below figure and the logic that we have
Tip circle diameter= Pitchcirclediameter+(2*Addendum) formulated gives the output values such as pitch circle
Root circle diameter=Pitch circle diameter-(2*Dedendum) diameter and the remaining required parameters with
Tooth height= Addendum+Dedendum minimum input variables. It also gives the tooth profile of
Working depth=2*Addendum the spur gear with given values and also tells weather the
Clearance= Dedendum- Addendum design of the gear is safe or not. The input values given can
Circular pitch= be solved and the output values such as pitch circle diameter
and other parameters are shown as below.
B. Design of Spur Gear using Matlab
In this present work we designed a matlab code and a matlab
script file is developed to design a spur gear and its involute
profile. Inputs used in this work are Speed, Power, Gear
ratio, Life and we get the outputs as Number of teeth, pitch
circle diameter, Face width, Module, Tip circle diameter etc.
C. Matlab Simulation Program:
P=input('Enter the value for power in Watts =')
N=input('Enter the value of input speed =')
i=input('Enter the value of gear ratio =')
L=input('Enter the value for life =')
T=(P*60)/(2*pi*N)
sprintf('The normal twisting moment is T =%f',T)
KKd=1.3
Mt=T*KKd*1000
sprintf('The value of for design torque is Mt =%f',Mt)
Z1=input('Enter the no of teeth on gear =')% Assume Z1>17
Z2=i*Z1
sprintf('The no of teeth on pinion is Z2 =%f',Z2)
Eeq=input('Enter the equivalent Young's modulus from
design data book pg 8.14 = ')
Sc=input('enter the value of design surface compressive
stress from design data book =')
Sb=input('enter the value of design bending stress from
design data book =')
Q=0.3
a=(i+1)*((0.74/Sc)^2*((Eeq*Mt)/(i*Q)))^(1/3)
sprintf('The centre distance is %f=',a)
m=(2*a)/(Z1+Z2)
sprintf('The value of module m =%f',m)
M=input('enter the standard module from design data book
pg 8.1 = ')
sprintf('The standard module M =%f',M)
A=M*(Z1+Z2)/2
sprintf('The Revised centre distance A =%f',A)
B=10*M
sprintf('The value of facewidth B =%f',B)
D1=M*Z1
sprintf('The pitch circle diameter of wheel D1 =%f',D1)
D2=M*Z2
sprintf('The pitch circle diameter of wheel D2 =%f',D2)
sprintf('THE BASIC DIMENSIONS OF SPUR GEARS')
sprintf('The no of tooth on wheel Z1 =%f',Z1)
sprintf('The no of tooth on piniomZ2 =%f',Z2)
sprintf('The standard module M =%f',M)
sprintf('The pitch circle diameter of wheel D1 =%f',D1)
sprintf('The pitch circle diameter of pinion D2 =%f',D2)
sprintf('The value of centre distance A =%f',A)
sprintf('The value of facewidth B =%f',B)

All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 193

 Spur Gear Design by using Matlab Code
(IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/044)

Fig. 2: Output Gear

The output gear parameters obtained through this software
are as follows
Number of tooth on pinion Z1.
Number of tooth on wheel Z2.
Standard module M.
Pitch circle diameter on pinion D1.
Pitch circle diameter on wheel D2.
Face width B.
Center distance A.

VI. CONCLUSION
The basic dimensions required for designing a Spur Gear
were obtained with help of Matlab software and the given
outputs also suggest that the designed Spur Gear is safe or
not.

REFERENCES
[1] Shigley, J.E. and Uicker,J.J.,Theory of machines and
mechanisms,McGraw-Hill, 1986.
[2] R.S. KHURMI and J.K. GUPTA, Theory of machine‟,
S. Chand publications, Edition 16 reprint (2008),
pp.382-397.
[3] RudraPratap,’Getting started with MATLAB, Oxford
university Press, updated for Version 7.8 (2009).
[4] “Machine Design” by S.Md.Jalaludeen,
AnuradhaPublications(2009).
[5] “Design Data Hand Book for Mechanical Engineers”
By K.Mahadevan&K.Balaveera Reddy

All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 194

View publication stats