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Classical Genetics Edit1 PDF

1. The laws of Mendelian genetics describe classical patterns of inheritance including the law of dominance, law of segregation, and law of independent assortment. 2. Non-Mendelian inheritance patterns include incomplete dominance, codominance, polygenic traits, sex-linked traits, and traits influenced by sex hormones. 3. A pedigree is a family tree used to study patterns of inheritance and determine genotypes based on observed phenotypes.

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44 views10 pages

Classical Genetics Edit1 PDF

1. The laws of Mendelian genetics describe classical patterns of inheritance including the law of dominance, law of segregation, and law of independent assortment. 2. Non-Mendelian inheritance patterns include incomplete dominance, codominance, polygenic traits, sex-linked traits, and traits influenced by sex hormones. 3. A pedigree is a family tree used to study patterns of inheritance and determine genotypes based on observed phenotypes.

Uploaded by

Salma Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Classical Genetics
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The autosomal traits


A) Laws of Mendel:

1) Law of Dominance:
When homozygous(pure) dominant organism crossed by
homozygous recessive organism, the offspring will be hybrid
(carry 2 different alleles), but will exhibit only the dominant trait.
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2)law of segregation
States during formation of gametes, the two traits carried by
each parent separate.

3) Law of Independent Assortment (Dihybrid


Cross):
_ alleles for different genes assorted independently during
meiosis.
_ this happens only for genes carried on different
chromosomes.
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Test cross

in a test cross, a dominant phenotype organism is


crossed with the homozygous recessive genotype
organism in order to determine whether the dominant
phenotype organism has homozygous dominant or
heterozygous genotypes.

_ the homozygous dominant organism will produce 100%


hybrid dominant offspring.
_ the hybrid dominant organism will produce 50% hybrid
dominant, and 50% recessive.
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B) Non mendelian laws:

Incomplete Dominance
Incomplete dominance is a form of Gene interaction in
which both alleles of a gene are partially
expressed(blended), often resulting in an intermediate or
third phenotype.

Codominance inheritance
A condition in which both alleles of a gene pair in a
heterozygote are fully expressed, with neither one being
dominant or recessive to the other, without blending.
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Blood group inheritance


Human blood type has 3 alleles:
_ dominant A allele.
_ dominant B allele.
_ recessive O allele.
_ A and B alleles are codominance.

Polygenic inheritance
It occurs when one characteristic is controlled by two or more
genes. It has many intermediate traits. Examples in human:
height, skin colour, eye colour and weight.
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Sex- Linked Genes

_ this is a gene that located on X chromosome.


_ This is because the X chromosome is large and contains
many more genes than the smaller Y chromosome.
_ most of sex-linked genes are recessive that male need only
one recessive gene to exhibit the trait, while female need 2
recessive genes. This is why males exhibit sex linked traits more
than females.
_common examples recessive sex linked genes are color
blindness and haemophilia.
_ son inherits trait from mother, while daughter inherits
trait from both parents.
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Sex Influenced Inheritance

it is an autosomal trait that are expressed based on the


influence of the sex hormones.

The Pedigree

_ it is a family tree indicates phenotype of a certain trait.


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Linked genes

- These are genes that are inherited together because they are
physically close to one another on the same chromosome.
- Only crossing over can separate linked genes.
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