WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

the building sewer, such sewer shall be constructed of materi- TABLE 604.3
als listed in Table 702.2. Where the building sewer piping is WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DESIGN CRITERIA REQUIRED
CAPACITY AT FIXTURE SUPPLY PIPE OUTLETS
not constructed of materials listed in Table 702.2, the water
FLOW FLOW
service pipe and the building sewer shall be horizontally sep- FIXTURE SUPPLY
RATEa PRESSURE
OUTLET SERVING
arated by not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) of undisturbed or (gpm) (psi)
compacted earth. The required separation distance shall not Bathtub, balanced-pressure, thermostatic
apply where a water service pipe crosses a sewer pipe, pro- or combination balanced-pressure/ 4 20
vided that the water service is sleeved to a point not less than thermostatic mixing valve
5 feet (1524 mm) horizontally from the sewer pipe centerline Bidet, thermostatic mixing valve 2 20
on both sides of such crossing. The sleeve shall be of pipe
materials listed in Table 605.3, 702.2 or 702.3. The required Combination fixture 4 8
separation distance shall not apply where the bottom of the Dishwasher, residential 2.75 8
water service pipe, located within 5 feet (1524 mm) of the Drinking fountain 0.75 8
sewer, is not less than 12 inches (305 mm) above the highest
point of the top of the building sewer. Laundry tray 4 8
Lavatory, private 0.8 8
603.2.1 Water service near sources of pollution. Potable
water service pipes shall not be located in, under or above Lavatory, private, mixing valve 0.8 8
cesspools, septic tanks, septic tank drainage fields or seep- Lavatory, public 0.4 8
age pits. Where soil or ground water causes contaminated
Shower 2.5 8
conditions for piping, analysis shall be required in accor-
dance with Section 605.1. Shower, balanced-pressure, thermostatic
or combination balanced-pressure/ 2.5b 20
thermostatic mixing valve
SECTION 604 Sillcock, hose bibb 5 8
DESIGN OF BUILDING
Sink, residential 1.75 8
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Sink, service 3 8
604.1 General. The design of the water distribution system
shall conform to accepted engineering practice. Methods uti- Urinal, valve 12 25
lized to determine pipe sizes shall be approved. Water closet, blow out, flushometer valve 25 45
604.2 System interconnection. At the points of interconnec- Water closet, flushometer tank 1.6 20
tion between the hot and cold water supply piping systems Water closet, siphonic, flushometer valve 25 35
and the individual fixtures, appliances or devices, provisions
Water closet, tank, close coupled 3 20
shall be made to prevent flow between such piping systems.
Water closet, tank, one piece 6 20
604.3 Water distribution system design criteria. The water
distribution system shall be designed, and pipe sizes shall be For SI: 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa,
1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m.
selected such that under conditions of peak demand, the a. For additional requirements for flow rates and quantities, see Section
capacities at the fixture supply pipe outlets shall be not less 604.4.
than shown in Table 604.3. The minimum flow rate and flow b. Where the shower mixing valve manufacturer indicates a lower flow
pressure provided to fixtures and appliances not listed in rating for the mixing valve, the lower value shall be applied.
Table 604.3 shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s
installation instructions. TABLE 604.4
MAXIMUM FLOW RATES AND CONSUMPTION FOR
604.4 Maximum flow and water consumption. The maxi- PLUMBING FIXTURES AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
mum water consumption flow rates and quantities for all PLUMBING FIXTURE MAXIMUM FLOW RATE
plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings shall be in accordance OR FIXTURE FITTING OR QUANTITYb
with Table 604.4.
Lavatory, private 2.2 gpm at 60 psi
Exceptions: Lavatory, public (metering) 0.25 gallon per metering cycle
1. Blowout design water closets having a water con- Lavatory, public
0.5 gpm at 60 psi
sumption not greater than 31/2 gallons (13 L) per (other than metering)
flushing cycle. Shower heada 2.5 gpm at 80 psi
2. Vegetable sprays. Sink faucet 2.2 gpm at 60 psi
3. Clinical sinks having a water consumption not Urinal 1.0 gallon per flushing cycle
greater than 41/2 gallons (17 L) per flushing cycle. Water closet 1.6 gallons per flushing cycle
4. Service sinks. For SI: 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m,
1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa.
5. Emergency showers. a. A hand-held shower spray is a shower head.
b. Consumption tolerances shall be determined from referenced standards.

42 2018 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

APPENDIX E

TABLE E103.3(2)
LOAD VALUES ASSIGNED TO FIXTURESa
TYPE OF SUPPLY LOAD VALUES, IN WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNITS (wsfu)
FIXTURE OCCUPANCY
CONTROL Cold Hot Total
Bathroom group Private Flush tank 2.7 1.5 3.6
Bathroom group Private Flushometer valve 6.0 3.0 8.0
Bathtub Private Faucet 1.0 1.0 1.4
Bathtub Public Faucet 3.0 3.0 4.0
Bidet Private Faucet 1.5 1.5 2.0
Combination fixture Private Faucet 2.25 2.25 3.0
Dishwashing machine Private Automatic — 1.4 1.4
3
Drinking fountain Offices, etc. /8 valve 0.25 — 0.25
Kitchen sink Private Faucet 1.0 1.0 1.4
Kitchen sink Hotel, restaurant Faucet 3.0 3.0 4.0
Laundry trays (1 to 3) Private Faucet 1.0 1.0 1.4
Lavatory Private Faucet 0.5 0.5 0.7
Lavatory Public Faucet 1.5 1.5 2.0
Service sink Offices, etc. Faucet 2.25 2.25 3.0
Shower head Public Mixing valve 3.0 3.0 4.0
Shower head Private Mixing valve 1.0 1.0 1.4
1 flushometer
Urinal Public 10.0 — 10.0
valve
3
/4 flushometer
Urinal Public 5.0 — 5.0
valve
Urinal Public Flush tank 3.0 — 3.0
Washing machine (8 lb) Private Automatic 1.0 1.0 1.4
Washing machine (8 lb) Public Automatic 2.25 2.25 3.0
Washing machine (15 lb) Public Automatic 3.0 3.0 4.0
Water closet Private Flushometer valve 6.0 — 6.0
Water closet Private Flush tank 2.2 — 2.2
Water closet Public Flushometer valve 10.0 — 10.0
Water closet Public Flush tank 5.0 — 5.0
Water closet Public or private Flushometer tank 2.0 — 2.0
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound = 0.454 kg.
a. For fixtures not listed, loads should be assumed by comparing the fixture to one listed using water in similar quantities and at similar rates. The assigned loads
for fixtures with both hot and cold water supplies are given for separate hot and cold water loads and for total load. The separate hot and cold water loads
being three-fourths of the total load for the fixture in each case.

146 2018 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

 APPENDIX E

TABLE E103.3(3)
TABLE FOR ESTIMATING DEMAND
SUPPLY SYSTEMS PREDOMINANTLY FOR FLUSH TANKS SUPPLY SYSTEMS PREDOMINANTLY FOR FLUSHOMETER VALVES
Load Demand Load Demand
(Water supply fixture (Cubic feet per
(Gallons per minute) (Water supply fixture units) (Gallons per minute) (Cubic feet per minute)
units) minute)
1 3.0 0.04104 — — —
2 5.0 0.0684 — — —
3 6.5 0.86892 — — —
4 8.0 1.06944 — — —
5 9.4 1.256592 5 15.0 2.0052
6 10.7 1.430376 6 17.4 2.326032
7 11.8 1.577424 7 19.8 2.646364
8 12.8 1.711104 8 22.2 2.967696
9 13.7 1.831416 9 24.6 3.288528
10 14.6 1.951728 10 27.0 3.60936
11 15.4 2.058672 11 27.8 3.716304
12 16.0 2.13888 12 28.6 3.823248
13 16.5 2.20572 13 29.4 3.930192
14 17.0 2.27256 14 30.2 4.037136
15 17.5 2.3394 15 31.0 4.14408
16 18.0 2.90624 16 31.8 4.241024
17 18.4 2.459712 17 32.6 4.357968
18 18.8 2.513184 18 33.4 4.464912
19 19.2 2.566656 19 34.2 4.571856
20 19.6 2.620128 20 35.0 4.6788
25 21.5 2.87412 25 38.0 5.07984
30 23.3 3.114744 30 42.0 5.61356
35 24.9 3.328632 35 44.0 5.88192
40 26.3 3.515784 40 46.0 6.14928
45 27.7 3.702936 45 48.0 6.41664
50 29.1 3.890088 50 50.0 6.684
60 32.0 4.27776 60 54.0 7.21872
70 35.0 4.6788 70 58.0 7.75344
80 38.0 5.07984 80 61.2 8.181216
90 41.0 5.48088 90 64.3 8.595624
100 43.5 5.81508 100 67.5 9.0234
120 48.0 6.41664 120 73.0 9.75864
140 52.5 7.0182 140 77.0 10.29336
160 57.0 7.61976 160 81.0 10.82808
180 61.0 8.15448 180 85.5 11.42964
200 65.0 8.6892 200 90.0 12.0312
225 70.0 9.3576 225 95.5 12.76644
250 75.0 10.026 250 101.0 13.50168
(continued)

2018 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE® 147

APPENDIX E

TABLE E103.3(3)-continued
TABLE FOR ESTIMATING DEMAND
SUPPLY SYSTEMS PREDOMINANTLY FOR FLUSH TANKS SUPPLY SYSTEMS PREDOMINANTLY FOR FLUSHOMETER VALVES
Load Demand Load Demand
(Water supply fixture (Water supply fixture
(Gallons per minute) (Cubic feet per minute) (Gallons per minute) (Cubic feet per minute)
units) units)
275 80.0 10.6944 275 104.5 13.96956
300 85.0 11.3628 300 108.0 14.43744
400 105.0 14.0364 400 127.0 16.97736
500 124.0 16.57632 500 143.0 19.11624
750 170.0 22.7256 750 177.0 23.66136
1,000 208.0 27.80544 1,000 208.0 27.80544
1,250 239.0 31.94952 1,250 239.0 31.94952
1,500 269.0 35.95992 1,500 269.0 35.95992
1,750 297.0 39.70296 1,750 297.0 39.70296
2,000 325.0 43.446 2,000 325.0 43.446
2,500 380.0 50.7984 2,500 380.0 50.7984
3,000 433.0 57.88344 3,000 433.0 57.88344
4,000 525.0 70.182 4,000 525.0 70.182
5,000 593.0 79.27224 5,000 593.0 79.27224
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m, 1 cubic foot per minute = 0.28 m3 per minute.

TABLE E103.3(4)
LOSS OF PRESSURE THROUGH TAPS AND TEES IN POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH (psi)
SIZE OF TAP OR TEE (inches)
GALLONS PER MINUTE 5 3
/8 /4 1 11/4 11/2 2 3
10 1.35 0.64 0.18 0.08 — — —
20 5.38 2.54 0.77 0.31 0.14 — —
30 12.10 5.72 1.62 0.69 0.33 0.10 —
40 — 10.20 3.07 1.23 0.58 0.18 —
50 — 15.90 4.49 1.92 0.91 0.28 —
60 — — 6.46 2.76 1.31 0.40 —
70 — — 8.79 3.76 1.78 0.55 0.10
80 — — 11.50 4.90 2.32 0.72 0.13
90 — — 14.50 6.21 2.94 0.91 0.16
100 — — 17.94 7.67 3.63 1.12 0.21
120 — — 25.80 11.00 5.23 1.61 0.30
140 — — 35.20 15.00 7.12 2.20 0.41
150 — — — 17.20 8.16 2.52 0.47
160 — — — 19.60 9.30 2.92 0.54
180 — — — 24.80 11.80 3.62 0.68
200 — — — 30.70 14.50 4.48 0.84
225 — — — 38.80 18.40 5.60 1.06
250 — — — 47.90 22.70 7.00 1.31
275 — — — — 27.40 7.70 1.59
300 — — — — 32.60 10.10 1.88
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kpa, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m.

148 2018 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®

 SANITARY DRAINAGE

TABLE 709.1
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS FOR FIXTURES AND GROUPS
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT MINIMUM SIZE OF TRAP
FIXTURE TYPE
VALUE AS LOAD FACTORS (inches)
Automatic clothes washers, commerciala,g 3 2
Automatic clothes washers, residentialg 2 2
Bathroom group as defined in Section 202
5 —
(1.6 gpf water closet)f
Bathroom group as defined in Section 202
6 —
(water closet flushing greater than 1.6 gpf)f
Bathtubb (with or without overhead shower or whirlpool attachments) 2 11/2
Bidet 1 11/4
Combination sink and tray 2 11/2
Dental lavatory 1 11/4
Dental unit or cuspidor 1 11/4
c
Dishwashing machine , domestic 2 11/2
1
Drinking fountain /2 11/4
Emergency floor drain 0 2
h h
Floor drains 2 2
Floor sinks Note h 2
Kitchen sink, domestic 2 11/2
Kitchen sink, domestic with food waste disposer, dishwasher or both 2 11/2
Laundry tray (1 or 2 compartments) 2 11/2
Lavatory 1 11/4
Shower (based on the total flow rate through showerheads and body sprays)
Flow rate:
5.7 gpm or less 2 11/2
Greater than 5.7 gpm to 12.3 gpm 3 2
Greater than 12.3 gpm to 25.8 gpm 5 3
Greater than 25.8 gpm to 55.6 gpm 6 4
Service sink 2 11/2
Sink 2 11/2
Urinal 4 Note d
e
Urinal, 1 gallon per flush or less 2 Note d
1
Urinal, nonwater supplied /2 Note d
Wash sink (circular or multiple) each set of faucets 2 11/2
e
Water closet, flushometer tank, public or private 4 Note d
e
Water closet, private (1.6 gpf) 3 Note d
Water closet, private (flushing greater than 1.6 gpf) 4e Note d
e
Water closet, public (1.6 gpf) 4 Note d
Water closet, public (flushing greater than 1.6 gpf) 6e Note d
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, gpf = gallon per flushing cycle, gpm = gallon per minute.
a. For traps larger than 3 inches, use Table 709.2.
b. A showerhead over a bathtub or whirlpool bathtub attachment does not increase the drainage fixture unit value.
c. See Sections 709.2 through 709.4.1 for methods of computing unit value of fixtures not listed in this table or for rating of devices with intermittent flows.
d. Trap size shall be consistent with the fixture outlet size.
e. For the purpose of computing loads on building drains and sewers, water closets and urinals shall not be rated at a lower drainage fixture unit unless the lower
values are confirmed by testing.
f. For fixtures added to a bathroom group, add the dfu value of those additional fixtures to the bathroom group fixture count.
g. See Section 406.2 for sizing requirements for fixture drain, branch drain and drainage stack for an automatic clothes washer standpipe.
h. See Sections 709.4 and 709.4.1.

2018 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE® 67

SANITARY DRAINAGE

TABLE 710.1(1) 710.2 Future fixtures. Where provision is made for the
BUILDING DRAINS AND SEWERS future installation of fixtures, those provided for shall be con-
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS
CONNECTED TO ANY PORTION OF THE BUILDING
sidered in determining the required sizes of drain pipes.
DRAIN OR THE BUILDING SEWER, INCLUDING
DIAMETER OF
BRANCHES OF THE BUILDING DRAINa
PIPE (inches)
Slope per foot SECTION 711
1 1 1 1
/16 inch /8 inch /4 inch /2 inch OFFSETS IN DRAINAGE PIPING IN
11/4 — — 1 1 BUILDINGS OF FIVE STORIES OR MORE
11/2 — — 3 3 711.1 Horizontal branch connections above or below ver-
2 — — 21 26 tical stack offsets. If a horizontal branch connects to the
21/2 — — 24 31 stack within 2 feet (610 mm) above or below a vertical stack
3 — 36 42 50
offset, and the offset is located more than four branch inter-
vals below the top of the stack, the offset shall be vented in
4 — 180 216 250 accordance with Section 907.
5 — 390 480 575
711.1.1 Omission of vents for vertical stack offsets.
6 — 700 840 1,000
Vents for vertical offsets required by Section 711.1 shall
8 1,400 1,600 1,920 2,300 not be required where the stack and its offset are sized as a
10 2,500 2,900 3,500 4,200 building drain [see Table 710.1(1)].
12 3,900 4,600 5,600 6,700 711.2 Horizontal stack offsets. A stack with a horizontal
15 7,000 8,300 10,000 12,000 offset located more than four branch intervals below the top
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 inch per foot = 83.3 mm/m.
of the stack shall be vented in accordance with Section 907
and sized as follows:
a. The minimum size of any building drain serving a water closet shall be 3
inches. 1. The portion of the stack above the offset shall be sized
TABLE 710.1(2)
as for a vertical stack based on the total number of
HORIZONTAL FIXTURE BRANCHES AND STACKSa drainage fixture units above the offset.
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS (dfu) 2. The offset shall be sized in accordance with Section
Stacksb 710.1.1.
DIAMETER OF Total for Total Total for stack
Total for stack
PIPE (inches) horizontal discharge of three
greater than 3. The portion of the stack below the offset shall be sized
into one branch
branch
branch Intervals or
three branch as for the offset or based on the total number of drain-
intervals age fixture units on the entire stack, whichever is larger
interval less
11/2 3 2 4 8 [see Table 710.1(2), Column 5].
2 6 6 10 24 711.2.1 Omission of vents for horizontal stack offsets.
21/2 12 9 20 42 Vents for horizontal stack offsets required by Section
3 20 20 48 72 711.2 shall not be required where the stack and its offset
4 160 90 240 500 are one pipe size larger than required for a building drain
5 360 200 540 1,100 [see Table 710.1(1)] and the entire stack and offset are not
6 620 350 960 1,900 less in cross-sectional area than that required for a straight
8 1,400 600 2,200 3,600 stack plus the area of an offset vent as provided for in Sec-
tion 907.
10 2,500 1,000 3,800 5,600
12 3,900 1,500 6,000 8,400 711.3 Offsets below lowest branch. Where a vertical offset
15 7,000 Note c Note c Note c occurs in a soil or waste stack below the lowest horizontal
branch, a change in diameter of the stack because of the off-
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm. set shall not be required. If a horizontal offset occurs in a soil
a. Does not include branches of the building drain. Refer to Table 710.1(1). or waste stack below the lowest horizontal branch, the
b. Stacks shall be sized based on the total accumulated connected load at required diameter of the offset and the stack below it shall be
each story or branch interval. As the total accumulated connected load determined as for a building drain in accordance with Table
decreases, stacks are permitted to be reduced in size. Stack diameters shall
not be reduced to less than one-half of the diameter of the largest stack
710.1(1).
size required.
c. Sizing load based on design criteria.
SECTION 712
710.1.1 Horizontal stack offsets. Horizontal stack offsets SUMPS AND EJECTORS
shall be sized as required for building drains in accordance
712.1 Building subdrains. Building subdrains that cannot be
with Table 710.1(1), except as required by Section 711.3.
discharged to the sewer by gravity flow shall be discharged
710.1.2 Vertical stack offsets. Vertical stack offsets shall into a tightly covered and vented sump from which the liquid
be sized as required for straight stacks in accordance with shall be lifted and discharged into the building gravity drain-
Table 710.1(2), except where required to be sized as a age system by automatic pumping equipment or other
building drain in accordance with Section 711.1.1. approved method. In other than existing structures, the sump

68 2018 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE®