Logical

Reasoning
CHAPTER

BINARY LOGIC

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 Basics
In a binary logic problem, we have people who either speak a true statement or a
false statement. These people are divided into three categories:
1.Truth-teller: This person will always speak the truth. All the statements made by
this person are true.
2.Liar: This person will always tell a lie. All statements made by this person are
false.
3.Alternator: This person always alternates between the truth and the lie. If first
statement of this person is true, then second will be false, third will be true and so
on. Similarly, if first statement made by this person is false, then second will be
true, third will be false and so on. There is no particular number of true
statements or false statements made by this person but order is always TRUE-
FALSE-TRUE- or FALSE-TRUE-FALSE.
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 Types of Questions
Question Type – 1:
Two statements by each of the three persons are made in this type. One
of the statements has got to be true and other is false. Now, one has to
consider the two Propositions to arrive at the right answer.
Question Type – 2:
Two types of persons are found in this type of question.
Those who always speak the truth
Those who always tell a lie

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 General Statements
1. I am a liar:

2. I am not a truth teller:

3. I am an alternator:

4. I am not an alternator:

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 Questions:
Each one of the three friends Divya, Bhanu & Ravi went to a different place among Goa, Ooty &
Shimla for vacation. They replied to the question, “Who went to Goa”? in the following manner;
Divya: I went to Shimla
Ravi did not go to Ooty
Bhanu: Divya did not go to Shimla
Ravi did not go to Shimla
Ravi: Bhanu did not go to Ooty
I went to Goa
If exactly two of the friends always tell the truth, then who went to Ooty?

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Questions:
Two persons Karan and Charan are talking to each other. Each of them made two
statements as follows:
Karan: I am a liar;
You are not an alternator.
Charan: I am a truth teller;
You are not an alternator.
If truth teller always speaks the truth, liars always lie and alternators alternate between
truth and lie in any order. Who between them is a liar?

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 Questions:
A reporter interviewed three persons Saroj, Manoj and Feroj about the film ABCD.
Among these three persons, one is a truth teller, one is a liar and one is a alternator.
They replied to a question,” Is the film ABCD a hit” in the following manner;
Saroj: Film ABCD is a hit.
Manoj is a liar.
Manoj: Saroj is an alternator.
Feroj is a truth teller
Feroj: Film ABCD is not a hit.
Manoj is not a truth teller.
Who among them can never be a liar?

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 Questions:
Three boys – Raman, Raghu & Rajan, replied to a question, “who likes green color among red,
blue & green” in following manner:
Among them one is a T.T, one is a liar & one is a alternator
Raman: I like green.
Raghu likes red.
I am an alternator.
Raghu: Rajan likes blue.
Raman does not like green.
I am a liar.
Rajan: I do not like red.
Raghu does not like red.
Raman is a liar.

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Questions:
1. Who is the alternator?

2. Who likes red color?

3. Who is the liar?

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 Questions:
In a village, a survey was conducted on three families to know their economic status. Each of P, Q and R
represents a different family. Each of them belongs to a different economic class among rich, middle and poor.
Each of them belongs to exactly one category among truth teller, liar and alternator. Only one is a truth teller.
They replied to the question “Who among you is the poor person” in the following manner:
P: R is not poor.
I am not an alternator.
Q is not poor.
Q: P does not belong to middle class.
I am not a liar.
R is not rich.
R: P is a liar.
Q is a truth teller.
I am rich.

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Questions:
1.Who is the truth teller?

2. Who belongs to a middle class family?

3. Who made exactly two false statements?

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 Questions:
Three siblings A, B & C are hiding behind a curtain. Each of them belongs to a different team among Roosa (who
always speaks the truth), Loosa (who always lie) & Moosa (who alternates between truth & lie). I asked them, “who
among you is the female” and they replied as follows: (Exactly one of them is a female)
A: I belong to Roosa.
C is not my brother.
B does not belong to Moosa.
B: C has a sister.
I am the female.
A belongs to Loosa.
C: B is my sister.
A does not belong to Moosa.
I do not belong to Moosa.

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Questions:
1. Who always speak the truth?

2. Who is the female?

3. Who belongs to Moosa?

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 Questions:
Three persons, Chaya, Daya and Gaya attended an interview and only one of them was selected in the
interview. When someone asked them, “Who among you was selected in the interview", they replied as
follows by making two statements:
Chaya: Daya is not selected.
Gaya is an alternator.
Daya: Gaya is selected.
Chaya is not selected.
Gaya: Daya is a liar.
I am selected.
Each of them belongs to one of the three categories. Only one of the three is an alternator

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Questions:
1. If there are exactly two truth tellers, then who is selected in the interview?

2. If there is only one liar, then who is the alternator?

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