Carbohydrates and Proteins

Review
MELCs
Recognize the categories

of biomolecules, such as
carbohydrates, lipids,
protein, and nucleic acids
Objectives
Differentiate
carbohydrates and proteins
Identify the different
in terms of characteristics, types of carbohydrates
structure and functions. and proteins.
Calculate the calories of

carbohydrates and
proteins present in certain
food.
DYAEARCTHROB
NTOERPI
BIOMOLECULES
What are the 4 biomolecules?
• Carbohydrates
TODAY
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids
NEXT WEEK
• Lipids
WE TYPICALLY GET BIOMOLECULES FROM FOOD…

THIS IS WHY WE MUST EAT IN THE FIRST PLACE!
THE BIOMOLECULES SERVE TO KEEP ORGANISMS ALIVE.
What are Carbohydrates?
Most common organic
molecule
Functions:
Primary energy source our
body needs (best fuel)
Help digest protein and fat
What are Carbohydrates?
Elements present: C, H, O (1:2:1 ratio)
Structure:
Monomer (building
block):
Monosaccharides
Polymer:
Polysaccharides
Examples:
Do these carbohydrates come from plants or

animals?
CLASSIFICATION
Monosaccharides
• "mono" - one
• simplest sugar and the essential
subunit of a carbohydrate
• white solids at room
temperature
• very soluble in water.
• most common
monosaccharides are glucose
(dextrose) and fructose.
Disaccharides
• “di” – two
• consist of two
monosaccharides
that are chemically
combined.
Sucrose - table sugar
Lactose - milk sugar
Maltose - grain starch broken down into
sugar
Polysaccharides
• polymers containing numerous monosaccharide monomers
• three common polysaccharides—starch, glycogen, and
cellulose
STARCH
• chief storage form of
carbohydrates in
plants
• most important
source of
carbohydrate in
human nutrition.
• made up of two types
of polysaccharides:
amylose,
amylopectin.
• Plants make starch
Glycogen
•a polysaccharide that is a
major carbohydrate
storage form in animals
•occurs mainly in liver (up
to 6-8% wet weight), and
muscle (where it rarely
exceeds 1% of wet
weight).
Cellulose
• basic components of
plants (cell wall)
• glucose molecules in
cellulose chains are
arranged in such a way
to form insoluble
fibrous sheets
The iodine–starch test is
a chemical reaction that
is used to test for the
presence of starch or
for iodine.
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O7PzC9ZLMohr9d79WyxLY/edit?usp=sharing
Learning Task 1. Watch the video and complete the given table.
Food Sample Color of the Iodine Starch
sample after Test RESULT
adding the (positive or
solution negative)
Rice
Potato
Sugar cubes
Salt
Which samples contain starch?
Proteins
Function of proteins
• Transport molecules in and
out of the cell
• Control the speed of chemical
reactions
• Used for growth and repair
Proteins make up the structure of living things…

Hair, nails, skin, bones, muscle, etc are all built
by protein!
Proteins
 Elements: C-H-O-N
 Monomer (Building Block): amino acids
(20 different ones!)
 Polymer: proteins (tons)
 Examples of proteins: hemoglobin in red
blood cells, albumin in eggs, enzymes that
control reactions in the body, and
antibodies
 Found in: fish, eggs, meat
Protein Structure
➢ Remember: Elements are C, H, O, and N
➢ “R” groups represent one of the 20 Amino Acids! (so,
each amino acid has something different in that
spot)
TYPES OF AMINO ACIDS
Proteins
Activity 3: Meet Your Calories! (Asynchronous)
Direction: Find a partner and calculate the number of calories of the
carbohydrate present in the given food. Complete the given table, then
discuss and answer the following questions with your partner.
1.) What did you find most surprising about the number of calories in
the given foods? (2pts)
2.) Based on the information you have learned about calories of the
carbohydrates in the food given, list five good nutrition habits you can
adopt. (2pts)
3.) How can you use this vital information to help make nutritious food
choices? (2pts)
4.) If all these food are eaten by a person in a day, will it meet his daily
calorie requirement which is 2000 cal? What will happen if the total
calorie is below/above his daily calorie requirement? (4 points)
Carbohydrate calories
of Piattos chips
= 20 g x 4 calories x 3
servings
= 240 calories
Protein calories of
Piattos chips
= 1g x 4 calories x 3
servings
= 12 calories
Food Number of Number of Total number of
calories calories calories
(carbohydrate) (protein)
Piattos chips 240 12 450
Servings: The person ate 1 pc.
Cheeseburger, 2 slices of pizza
(200g), 2 fried chicken wing
(200g), 1 servings of rice, 2 cups
of rice and 1 chocolate bar. He
also drank 2 cans of cola.
Summary
TRUE FALSE
STATEMENTS
Proteins are found as structural materials in hair, nails, and
connective tissues.
The building blocks of carbohydrates are amino acids.
Proteins are made up of C, H, O and N while carbohydrates
are made up of C, H and O.
Glycogen, starch and cellulose are polysaccharides.
Carbohydrates can be classified into monosaccharides,
disaccharides and polysaccharides.
Starch is the chief storage form of carbohydrates in plants
Summary
TRUE FALSE
STATEMENTS
Glucose is a disaccharide also known as table sugar.
Lactose is made up of a sugar called fructose and glucose.

Glucagon is the readily available energy stored in the liver
and muscles and is quickly metabolized.
Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy of most
living organisms.
Enzymes are proteins.
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urAME5gNgTyNVVJl9hi4w/edit?usp=sharing
ASSESSMENT
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Encircle
the letter of the correct
answer (5 minutes).
A. glucose: disaccharide
1. Which of
the following B. starch: polysaccharide
is a correct C. sucrose: monosaccharide
pair? D. triglyceride:polysaccharide
2. Which of
the given
structures
represents
molecules that
provide energy
and are very
soluble in
water?
2. Which of
the given
structures
represents
molecules that
provide energy
and are very
soluble in
water?
3. Which of A. carbon
the following B. oxygen
elements is
NOT present in C. nitrogen
carbohydrates?
D. hydrogen
4. Which of A. Amino acids
the following
is a term that B. Enzymes
refers to the C. Nucleotides
building blocks
of proteins? D. Polymers
5. Which form
of amino acids A. Essential
is to be B. Conditional
supplied by
the foods we C. Non-essential
eat? D. Peptides

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Review

Recognize the categories

Calculate the calories of

WE TYPICALLY GET BIOMOLECULES FROM FOOD…

Do these carbohydrates come from plants or

Proteins make up the structure of living things…

Lactose is made up of a sugar called fructose and glucose.

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