Senior High School

General Biology 1
Module 13:
Advantages and Disadvantages of
Fermentation and Aerobic
Respiration

AIRs - LM
LU_General Biology 1_Module13
 GENERAL BIOLOGY 1
Module 13: Advantages and Disadvantages of Fermentation and Aerobic Respiration
Second Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without written
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Author: Melanie B. Bernaldez

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LU_General Biology 1_Module13

 Senior High School

General Biology 1
Module 13
Advantages and Disadvantages of
Fermentation and Aerobic
Respiration

LU_General Biology 1_Module13

 Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

LU_General Biology 1_Module13

 Target

A series of metabolic pathways known as cellular respiration extract the

energy from the bonds in glucose and convert it into a form that all living things can
use- both producers and consumers. The two metabolic pathways of cellular
respiration are called aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
You learned from the previous lesson that aerobic respiration involves oxygen
during the breakdown of glucose which yield to a greater ATP production while
anaerobic respiration takes place in an organism even oxygen is absent resulting to
a lesser ATP production. But even aerobic respiration yields a greater ATP production
which considered as an advantage, there are still disadvantages of the said metabolic
pathways and the same is through with anaerobic respiration, there are advantages
and disadvantages also.
This module will present to you the advantages and disadvantages of aerobic
respiration and anaerobic respiration. You are going to prepare also simple
fermentation set-up using common fruits to produce VCO, wine or vinegar via
microorganisms.

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of fermentation and aerobic

respiration. (STEM_BIO11/12-IIa-j-12)
Specific Learning Objectives:

a. Discuss the benefits and drawbacks of fermentation and aerobic

respiration;
b. illustrate the fermentation process by generating virgin coconut oil and
vinegar.

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PRETEST

Directions: Read and understand each question. Choose the letter of your BEST
answer. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.
1. What type of cellular respiration has greater ATP Production?

A. Aerobic respiration B. Anaerobic respiration

C. Both D. None of these

2. What type of cellular respiration can breakdown glucose completely?

A. Aerobic respiration B. Anaerobic respiration

C. Both D. None of these

3. Which of the following is NOT a by-product of cellular respiration?

A. Carbon dioxide B. Ethanol

C. Lactic acid D. Oxygen

4. Which of the following is a raw material for cellular respiration?

A. Carbon dioxide B. Ethanol

C. Lactic acid D. Oxygen

5. Which of the following statement is TRUE about anaerobic respiration

A. Fast consumption of ATP

B. Lower ATP production

C. Slow breakdown of glucose into ATP

D. Muscle pain or burning sensation after a vigorous physical activity

LU_General Biology 1_Module13

 Lesson Advantages and Disadvantages of
Fermentation and Aerobic
1 Respiration

Source: https://biodifferences.net/difference-between-aerobic-and-anaerobic-
respiration/
The image shows the chemical pathways of aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Both
aerobic and anaerobic respiration converts the glucose into energy by using the
electron transport chain. These two types of respiration have similarities and have
many differences as well.

Jumpstart

Do the next activity to check your previous knowledge on the similarities

and differences of aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Good luck!

LU_General Biology 1_Module13

Activity 1: Aerobic vs. Anaerobic respiration
Directions: Fill-up the Venn diagram below. You can use the above image as your
reference and concepts from the previous lesson on aerobic and anaerobic
respiration. Use a separate sheet of paper.

Differences Similarities Differences

Activity 2. To My Advantage!

Direction: From the given examples below, Write Aerobic for the advantages of
aerobic respiration and write anaerobic for anaerobic respiration or fermentation.
Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.

_______________1. It has greater ATP production.

_______________2. Production of wine

______________ 3. Can do physical exercise for a longer period of time

______________ 4. Complete breakdown of glucose

______________ 5. Production of yogurt and cheese

______________ 6. Soy sauce and vinegar production

______________ 7. Food preservation

______________ 8. Rising of bread or dough

______________ 9. Removal of muscle pain after a vigorous exercise

______________10. Slow breakdown of glucose into ATP

Activity 3. Don’t Take Advantage!

Direction: From the given examples below, Write Aerobic for the disadvantages of
aerobic respiration and write anaerobic for anaerobic respiration or fermentation.
Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.

_______________ 1. Muscle pain or burning sensation after a vigorous physical activity

_______________ 2. Human brain cells will die with just a minute of no oxygen

_______________ 3. Fast consumption of ATP

_______________ 4. Incomplete breakdown of glucose

_______________ 5. Lower ATP production

LU_General Biology 1_Module13

_______________ 6. Needs a large supply of glucose to perform cellular work

_______________ 7. Majority of glucose metabolism becomes heat in the environment

_______________ 8. Have lots of energy reserves because of less energy extraction

_______________ 9. Muscle cramps after physical exercise

_______________ 10. Experience oxygen debt or lactate accumulation

Discover

ADVANTAGES OF AEROBIC RESPIRATION

The following listed below are the advantages of Aerobic respiration;
• All available energy extracted from glucose is 36 to 38 ATP
• 39% energy transferred from glucose to ATP
• Slow breakdown of glucose in ATP
• Organisms can do more work for a longer time with the slow and efficient
breakdown of ATP.
• Animals and the human muscle cells can adapt and perform lactic acid
fermentation for a rapid burst of energy.
• Can breathe heavily to refill the cells with oxygen so that lactate is removed
from the muscle cells.
• Lactate is returned to the liver to become pyruvate or glucose again.
• Complete breakdown of glucose.

DISADVANTAGES OF AEROBIC RESPIRATION

The following listed below are the disadvantages of Aerobic respiration;
• 61% of glucose metabolism becomes heat and enters the environment.
• Human brain cells cannot perform lactic acid fermentation.
• Human muscle cells feel the burning sensations and pain when lactate
accumulates in the cell and experience oxygen debt.

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ADVANTAGES OF ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION/ FERMENTATION
The following listed below are the advantages of anaerobic respiration/fermentation;
• All available energy extracted from glucose is 2 ATP.
• Certain bacteria produce chemicals of industrial importance such as
isopropanol, butyric acid, acetic acid when bacteria ferment- breakdown of
sugars in the absence of oxygen.
• Foods that are fermented last longer because these fermenting organisms have
removed many of the nutrients that would attract other microorganisms.
• Yeast ferment fruits and wine is produced. Grain is also fermented to produce
beer. They also caused the bread to rise due to carbon dioxide, a by-product,
and alcohol is lost in the bread.
• Yeast and lactobacillus together produce sour taste in wheat beer.
• Yeasts and Acetobacter aceti spoil wine to become vinegar.
• Bacterial fermentation produces yogurt (due to Streptococcus thermophilus
and lactobacillus bulgaris), sour cream, cheese, brine cucumber pickles, and
kimchi.
• Clostridium bacteria can produce nail polish remover and rubbing alcohol
from the acetone and isopropanol they make.
• Soy sauce is produced by adding mold (Aspergillus), yeasts and fermenting
bacteria.

DISADVANTAGES OF ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION/FERMENTATION

The following listed below are the disadvantages of anaerobic
respiration/fermentation.
• Consumption of 2 ATP is fast
• Ethanol and lactate, the by-products of fermentation, have a lot of energy
reserves- prokaryotes and eukaryotes cannot extract the energy in lactate and
ethanol using anaerobic method.
• Needs a large supply of glucose to perform the same work as in aerobic
respiration.
• Glucose is partially oxidized.

LU_General Biology 1_Module13

 Explore

Fermentation refers to the addition of yeast or a specific microorganism or enzyme

to a raw material to produce a desired product. On the next activity, you are going to
perform a natural fermentation method (does not require addition of substance or
microorganisms) in order to make a Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) product from a coconut
milk mixture. Several theories say that the fermentation of VCO is due to the
presence of airborne acetic acid bacteria (Acetobacter aceti) which breaks the protein
bond in the coconut milk.

Activity 4: Homemade Virgin Coconut Oil and Fermentation

Materials needed:

Fermentation containers (Food grade transparent plastics with large mouth), basin
or pots for the extraction, ladle or long spoon with deep bowl, Cheese cloth (Katsa),
1 or 2 fully matured grated coconut meat and coconut water, funnel, cotton wool,
glass bottle, soap and water.

Procedure:

A. Extraction and preparation of coconut milk

1. Wash your hand vigorously with water and soap including the utensils that you
are going to use to kill and remove the presence of microorganisms that may alter
the quality of VCO.

2. First milk extraction- mix the grated coconut meat and coconut water. Extract the
milk from the grated coconut meat by hand using cheesecloth. Press the coconut
meat thoroughly using your cheesecloth. Set aside the milk obtained using your
clean fermentation container.

3. Prepare the coconut residue(sapal) for the second round of milk extraction.

4. Second milk extraction- the ratio of mixing is 2 cups of milk residue(sepal) is to 1

cup of water coming from the first milk extraction. Extract using cheesecloth.

5. Mixing of first and second milk extracts- mix well the first and second coconut
milk extracts for 10 minutes.

B. VCO PROCESSING

1. Preparing for the fermentation containers- place the coconut milk extract in clean
fermentation container. Cover the container loosely. Place the container in a place
where temperature is 35 to 40 degrees celcius (preferably exposed to a mid-afternoon

LU_General Biology 1_Module13

sun). Allow the coconut milk mixture to settle for 16 to 24 hours for natural
fermentation of the coconut milk extract to occur.

2. Separating the oil and fermented curd layers- separate the oil from the fermented
curd by using ladle to scope the oil from the top. Note: Disposed of water phase and
gummy portion by diluting with water before draining into a grease trap. The
fermented curd can be heated to remove the residual class B oil that can be used for
making skin care and herbal soap products. The toasted curd can also be mixed with
compost material and use as organic fertilized.

3. Filtering the oil- filter the VCO to remove adhering particles of the fermented curd.

4. Packaging and storage- The recommended packaging material for VCO is glass.
Note: Class A VCO is always WATER CLEAR. Class B VCO is yellow. The latter
happens when the process of coconut milk extraction is invaded by unwanted
microorganisms or sanitary protocols are not allowed strictly such as washing the
hands and materials with antibacterial soap.

Activity 5: Vinegar making

Materials needed:

9 cups of coconut water (other fruits can be used also if coconut water is not
available), 2 cups of brown sugar, ½ teaspoon yeast, 2 clean cheesecloth, transparent
bottles for transferring the mixture, gas stove, rubber bands, cooking pan, funnel, 2
cups of mother vinegar, jar spoon for mixing.

Procedure:

A. Preparation and alcoholic fermentation

1. Using cheesecloth, filter the coconut water (decoction of fruits if you use other
fruits) and place it in a cooking pan. Add 2 cups of brown sugar. Mix thoroughly
using a spoon until the sugar crystals are dissolved completely.

2. Heat the mixture at low fire for 20 minutes. As you do this, do not cover the cooking
pan and do not boil the mixture. After 20 minutes, let the mixture cool for 30 minutes
to 1 hour.
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3. Add ½ teaspoon of yeast. Mix very well. Afterwards, transfer the mixture to clean
transparent bottle. Cover the bottle with cheesecloth. The small pores in the
cheesecloth will allow the gas from inside the bottle to exit.

4. Place the mixture in a safe place to allow the process of fermentation.

B. Acetous Fermentation

1. After one week, transfer the mixture to a jar. Then add 2 cups of mother vinegar
to a jar. Cover the jar with cheesecloth to allow oxygen to enter into the jar.

2. Place the jar in a safe place. Wait for one month to allow acetous fermentation

Rubrics for VCO Fermentation and Vinegar Making Procedures

Criteria Excellent (10-8) Good (7-6) Fair (5-4) Poor (3-1)

Output is Completed Completed Did not

Time
efficiently done output before output one complete the
management
and complete deadline day after the output
Skill
deadline

VCO is class A Oil is Oil is not clear Oil is not

somewhat clear and
clear not properly
filtered
Quality of
products Vinegar is Vinegar is
Vinegar has a The product
Class A bland failed
bitter taste
but smell like
vinegar

LU_General Biology 1_Module13

 Deepen

Aerobic and anaerobic respiration or fermentation are with equal importance to us

living organisms. For the next activity, you are going to integrate your knowledge on
this topic to poetry to enrich further your understanding on the advantages and
disadvantages of the two types of cellular respiration and.

What you need

Option A for hard copy output- 1/8 size illustration board, pen, art materials

Option B for soft copy- digital output utilizing digital arts

What you have to do

1. Create an original poem about cellular respiration emphasizing the

advantages and disadvantages of aerobic and anaerobic respiration of
fermentation. (At least 100 words)

2. Choose a background image or picture that is related to the topic. For

option A, you can draw your background, for option B, you can use digital
arts or simply select an image as background.

2.. Work on your output following the rubrics below;

Rubrics for Poem Composition

Criteria Excellent (10-8) Good (7-6) Fair (5-4) Poor (3-1)

Content Theme of poem Theme and Poetic Poetic

is clear and topic of poem elements are elements are
creative, topic is is clear included and difficult to
clear somewhat understand or
confusing to not
understand appropriate for
poem

Language: No word choice, No more than Some word Many word

punctuation or 2 words choice, choice,
Grammar
usage errors, no choice, punctuation punctuation
and Usage
grammar errors punctuation or usage or usage
and no or usage errors, some errors,
misspelled errors, no grammar numerous
words more than 2 errors and grammar
grammar some errors and
errors and no misspelled many
more than 2 words misspelled
words

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 misspelled
words

Presentation Pictures or Pictures are Pictures are Pictures are

and image included and included, messy or
creativity significantly add to the hand written inappropriate
enhance poem, hand poem is for poem, hand
poem, hand written poem mostly legible written poem is
written is is legible or or typed poem difficult to read
legible and typed poem has 2 or more or typed font,
pleasing to has 1 font, poor choices style and color
read or style, or color of font, style, is
typed poem choice is or color choice inappropriate
has a good difficult to is difficult to or difficult to
choice of read read read
font style
and color

Gauge

Directions: Read and understand each question. Choose the letter of your BEST
answer. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.
1. What type of cellular respiration produces alcohol and lactic acid as by-product?
A. Aerobic respiration B. Anaerobic respiration
C. Both D. None of these

2. Which of the following does NOT describe aerobic respiration?

A. It has greater ATP production B. Fast consumption of ATP
C. Complete breakdown of glucose D. Slow breakdown of glucose

3. Which of the following is NOT a result of fermentation?

A. Production of wine B. Soy sauce and vinegar
C. Yogurt and cheese D. sugar and salt

4. Which of the following is likely to happen when there is a formation of lactic acid
after vigorous physical activity?

A. Muscle pain B. increasing heart rate

C. Irregular breathing D. All of these

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5. Why anaerobic respiration is NOT an advantage to humans?

A. Absence of oxygen is lethal to humans

B. Oxygen deficiency gives a burning sensation to muscles
C. Humans need a lot of energy to perform their everyday work
D. All of the above

6. What will happen if microorganisms will not undergo anaerobic respiration?

A. No production of yogurt B. Spoilage of food

C. Wine making is not possible D. All of these

7. What is/are the disadvantage/s of aerobic respiration to humans?

A. Can breathe heavily to refill the cells with oxygen
B. Human muscle cells can perform lactic acid fermentation
C. Human brain cells cannot perform lactic acid fermentation
D. All of the above

8. What is/are the disadvantage/s of anaerobic respiration/fermentation?

A. Food preservation B. Production of alcohol
C. Glucose is partially oxidized D. Complete breakdown of glucose

9. What is/are the by-product/s of fermentation?

A. ATP B. Ethanol C. lactate D. All of these
10. What kind of microorganisms undergo cellular respiration causing the bread
dough to rise?
A. Bacteria B. Fungi C. both D. None of these
11. Which of the following is/are a disadvantage/s of anaerobic respiration?
A. Lower ATP production B. fast consumption of ATP
C. Incomplete breakdown of glucose D. All of these
12. John Paul experienced muscle cramps after two hours of playing basketball.
What could be the possible reason of experiencing muscle cramps?
A. He has a heart problem
B. They lost the game that’s why he felt stressed
C. He experience oxygen debt after vigorous physical activity
D. All of the above
13. Maria wants to make vinegar from sugar cane in their backyard. What kind of
fermenting organism is she going to use?
A. Acetobacter B. Clostridium
C. lactobacillus D. Yeast

14. According to some theories, what kind of microorganisms breaks the protein
bond in coco milk in order to make a class A VCO?
A. Acetobacter B. Clostridium
C. lactobacillus D. Yeast

15. Which of the following food products undergo fermentation?

A. Beer and cheese B. Pickles and Kimchi
C. Sour cream and vinegar D. All of th

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LU_General Biology 1_Module13
13
Gauge
1. B 6. D 11. D
2. B 7. C 12. C
3. D 8. C 13. D
4. A 9. D 14. A
5. D 10. B 15. D
5. C
4. D
3. D
2. A
1. A
PRETEST
Answer Key
References
Printed Materials:

Department of Education. Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR). (2017) First

Edition. Unit III: Energy Transformation General Biology 1(pp.182-185), Pasig City,
Philippines.

The Commission on Higher Education. (2016). K-12 Basic Education Curriculum.

Teaching Guide for Senior High School. Advantages and Disadvantages of Aerobic
and Anaerobic Respiration. General Biology 1(pp.165-175), Quezon City,
Philippines

Website:

Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Image. Biodifference.net. Retrieved October 21, 2020 from
https://biodifferences.net/difference-between-aerobic-and-anaerobic-respiration/

Poetry Rubrics. Teacherspayteachers.com. Retrieved October 21, 2020 from

https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/FreeDownload/Basic-Poetry-Rubric-
3691783

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SDO La Union

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management Section
Flores St. Catbangen, San Fernando City La Union 2500
Telephone: (072) 607 - 8127
Telefax: (072) 205 - 0046
Email Address:
[email protected]
[email protected]

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