Erik Eriksson

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ERIK ERIKSON – Psychosocial Development

- Born: June 15, 1902 - If trust is met – security is


- Frankfort, Germany achieved
- Jewish - If trust is not met – distress is
- Middle school: being bullied experienced
because of his Jewish background 2. Autonomy vs shame and
- Experienced identity crisis doubt (toddlers 1-3 years
- 1933 – moved to Boston, USA old)
- Boston’s first child analyst
- Offered a teaching position in - Toilet training
Harvard med school - Play just with themselves
- Work: how society affects - Characteristics: children gain a
childhood and developmental… little independence
- 8 stages theory – childhood and - Common: saying no
society - (when children feel inadequacy)
May 12 – age 91 Caregiver should: guide them and
Ex: teach them, give them time to
If adolescents do not establish master the things they are doing
their own identity, they will have = success
difficulty in establishing relationships as DO NOT SCOLD THEM – DO NOT
an adult PUNISH OR BE HARSH
THEORY AND CONCEPT 3. Initiative vs Guilt
- Development: social in nature (pre-school 3-5 years old)
and how we affiliate with people - Involves independence
(i.e. how you socialize with - Conflict: initiative
people) - Skits with other children
- Crisis: challenges in each stage – - Begin to interact with other
if not successfully met we will be children – establish relationships
stuck in the stage with other children
- Each stage represents individuals - Tell the children their wrong
who face a crisis doings
1. Trust vs Mistrust (Infancy) - Positive outcome (met the
conflict): parents encourage the
- Conflict/crisis: feeding child not to do their wrong doings
- Crying – their way to – consistency in discipline
communicate; determine their - Negative outcome: parents are
needs not very supportive = the child
- Most important relationship – growing up will rely on other
parents / caregivers people in decision-making
- Characteristics: need food, 4. Industry and inferiority
warmth, shelter from caregiver to
develop trust (school age 6-12 years old)
- If not met, mistrust will develop - Development of self-awareness
- Mistrust develops when there is - Conflict:
inconsistency in giving the needs - Virtue: competence
- Question: am I successful or o Teens discover who they
worthless? are through exploration of
- Involved their life around school the world and the people
- Important relationships: friends, in it. The discover their
family, teachers belief and goals. This is
- Children here are very competent called – identity
- Comparing = inferiority - NEGATIVE OUTCOME
- Feel: sense of inferiority o Teens who do not build a
- Children discover pressure sense of themselves suffer
- Develop: sense of identity confusion. They
accomplishment continue through life
- Negative outcome: feel a sense without much
of failure understanding of who they
5. Identity vs role confusion are or where they want to
(adolescence 10-19 years go
old)
6. Intimacy vs isolation
- Virtue: fidelity – faithfulness, (early adulthood 20-40 years old)
loyalty - Virtue: love
- Important people: family, friends - Question: am I loved or wanted
- Identify yourself where you fit in by someone?
- Identity crisis – what role do you - Important event: parenting
identify yourself - Important relationships: lovers,
- Use experiences to influence your friends, and work connections
future - Characteristics
- If the self is not identified: o Upon establishing identity,
- Identify yourself through people are able to form
experiences and interaction with long term commitments
other people o Individual seeks to develop
- Able to identify your role: you can love relationships
build an identity o Without healthy
- Identity should come within from friendships and intimate
yourself, not from society relationships, isolation
- Must achieve a sense of identity occurs
in occupation, sex roles, politics 7. Generativity vs adulthood
and religion (middle adulthood 40-65
- Adolescents try a variety of roles years old)
to identify where they fit in. they - Virtue: care
must decide who they are and - Question: will I produce
decipher who society expects something of real value?
them to be. They start using their - Important relationship: children
experiences to influence their and community
future.
- POSITIVE OUTCOME
- Characteristics:
o “generativity” is a concern
for helping the younger
generation lead successful
lives. In contrast, feeling
live they’ve done nothing
to help leads to
“stagnation”
o Failure to resolve this
stage can lead to
overextension or rejection
8. Ego integrity vs despair
(late adulthood 65-older years
old)
- Virtue: wisdom
- Question: was my life well spent?
- Important event: reflection on
and acceptance of one’s life
- Characteristics:
o A person reflects on the
past
o If a person feels their life
was well spent, they
develop a sense of
integrity
o If they look back on a life
of disappointments and
missed goals, they develop
a sense of despair or
gloom

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