Erik Erikson proposed eight stages of psychosocial development that occur throughout the lifespan. Each stage is characterized by a psychosocial crisis between two opposing tendencies that must be resolved. For example, in the first stage of infancy, the crisis is trust vs mistrust, where the infant must develop a sense of trust in caregivers. Successful completion of each stage results in a healthy personality and the ability to move on to the next stage. Failure to resolve a crisis can result in reduced ability to solve further crises. The stages continue through childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.
Erik Erikson proposed eight stages of psychosocial development that occur throughout the lifespan. Each stage is characterized by a psychosocial crisis between two opposing tendencies that must be resolved. For example, in the first stage of infancy, the crisis is trust vs mistrust, where the infant must develop a sense of trust in caregivers. Successful completion of each stage results in a healthy personality and the ability to move on to the next stage. Failure to resolve a crisis can result in reduced ability to solve further crises. The stages continue through childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.
Erik Erikson proposed eight stages of psychosocial development that occur throughout the lifespan. Each stage is characterized by a psychosocial crisis between two opposing tendencies that must be resolved. For example, in the first stage of infancy, the crisis is trust vs mistrust, where the infant must develop a sense of trust in caregivers. Successful completion of each stage results in a healthy personality and the ability to move on to the next stage. Failure to resolve a crisis can result in reduced ability to solve further crises. The stages continue through childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.
Erik Erikson proposed eight stages of psychosocial development that occur throughout the lifespan. Each stage is characterized by a psychosocial crisis between two opposing tendencies that must be resolved. For example, in the first stage of infancy, the crisis is trust vs mistrust, where the infant must develop a sense of trust in caregivers. Successful completion of each stage results in a healthy personality and the ability to move on to the next stage. Failure to resolve a crisis can result in reduced ability to solve further crises. The stages continue through childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.
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ERIK ERIKSON – Psychosocial Development
- Born: June 15, 1902 - If trust is met – security is
- Frankfort, Germany achieved - Jewish - If trust is not met – distress is - Middle school: being bullied experienced because of his Jewish background 2. Autonomy vs shame and - Experienced identity crisis doubt (toddlers 1-3 years - 1933 – moved to Boston, USA old) - Boston’s first child analyst - Offered a teaching position in - Toilet training Harvard med school - Play just with themselves - Work: how society affects - Characteristics: children gain a childhood and developmental… little independence - 8 stages theory – childhood and - Common: saying no society - (when children feel inadequacy) May 12 – age 91 Caregiver should: guide them and Ex: teach them, give them time to If adolescents do not establish master the things they are doing their own identity, they will have = success difficulty in establishing relationships as DO NOT SCOLD THEM – DO NOT an adult PUNISH OR BE HARSH THEORY AND CONCEPT 3. Initiative vs Guilt - Development: social in nature (pre-school 3-5 years old) and how we affiliate with people - Involves independence (i.e. how you socialize with - Conflict: initiative people) - Skits with other children - Crisis: challenges in each stage – - Begin to interact with other if not successfully met we will be children – establish relationships stuck in the stage with other children - Each stage represents individuals - Tell the children their wrong who face a crisis doings 1. Trust vs Mistrust (Infancy) - Positive outcome (met the conflict): parents encourage the - Conflict/crisis: feeding child not to do their wrong doings - Crying – their way to – consistency in discipline communicate; determine their - Negative outcome: parents are needs not very supportive = the child - Most important relationship – growing up will rely on other parents / caregivers people in decision-making - Characteristics: need food, 4. Industry and inferiority warmth, shelter from caregiver to develop trust (school age 6-12 years old) - If not met, mistrust will develop - Development of self-awareness - Mistrust develops when there is - Conflict: inconsistency in giving the needs - Virtue: competence - Question: am I successful or o Teens discover who they worthless? are through exploration of - Involved their life around school the world and the people - Important relationships: friends, in it. The discover their family, teachers belief and goals. This is - Children here are very competent called – identity - Comparing = inferiority - NEGATIVE OUTCOME - Feel: sense of inferiority o Teens who do not build a - Children discover pressure sense of themselves suffer - Develop: sense of identity confusion. They accomplishment continue through life - Negative outcome: feel a sense without much of failure understanding of who they 5. Identity vs role confusion are or where they want to (adolescence 10-19 years go old) 6. Intimacy vs isolation - Virtue: fidelity – faithfulness, (early adulthood 20-40 years old) loyalty - Virtue: love - Important people: family, friends - Question: am I loved or wanted - Identify yourself where you fit in by someone? - Identity crisis – what role do you - Important event: parenting identify yourself - Important relationships: lovers, - Use experiences to influence your friends, and work connections future - Characteristics - If the self is not identified: o Upon establishing identity, - Identify yourself through people are able to form experiences and interaction with long term commitments other people o Individual seeks to develop - Able to identify your role: you can love relationships build an identity o Without healthy - Identity should come within from friendships and intimate yourself, not from society relationships, isolation - Must achieve a sense of identity occurs in occupation, sex roles, politics 7. Generativity vs adulthood and religion (middle adulthood 40-65 - Adolescents try a variety of roles years old) to identify where they fit in. they - Virtue: care must decide who they are and - Question: will I produce decipher who society expects something of real value? them to be. They start using their - Important relationship: children experiences to influence their and community future. - POSITIVE OUTCOME - Characteristics: o “generativity” is a concern for helping the younger generation lead successful lives. In contrast, feeling live they’ve done nothing to help leads to “stagnation” o Failure to resolve this stage can lead to overextension or rejection 8. Ego integrity vs despair (late adulthood 65-older years old) - Virtue: wisdom - Question: was my life well spent? - Important event: reflection on and acceptance of one’s life - Characteristics: o A person reflects on the past o If a person feels their life was well spent, they develop a sense of integrity o If they look back on a life of disappointments and missed goals, they develop a sense of despair or gloom