A Report on

Structural Analysis and Design

of Residential Building
( Three and half Story Building)

Owner: MRS. NILA POUDYAL

Location: LSMC
Designed By:
ER. ISHWOR KUNWOR

1
 TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

This report comprises the summary of the residential building of Nila Poudyal at
Lalitpur Municipality, Nepal. The reports consist of the design procedures
adopted, the assumptions made, the inputs made in the design and the design
output. During the design, it is assumed that the client will completely follow the
architectural as well as the structural design. It is also assumed that the
construction will be supervised by professional engineer.

The designer will not be responsible if any alterations to the structural system is
made by the client or the contractor without the prior written permission from
the designer, or the alterations to non-structural system is made such that the
weight of each individual floor or the weight of the whole building is altered by
more than 10% of design weight of each floor and the total weight.

The design calculations and derivations are limited to only a minimum to let the
concerned people know the methodology adopted. However, the calculations may
be provided to the client or concerned authorities when needed, upon request.
Hence the building is safe.
PART I: GENERAL DATA
 Introduction

This report has been prepared as a part of the structural engineering analysis and
design of the residence building.

The massive data inputs, design analysis, calculations and outputs of the result are
computer aided by the Structural analysis and design software ETABS, which is a
special purpose computer program developed specifically for building structures by
CSI America. It provides the Structural Engineer with all the tools necessary to
create, modify, analyze, design, and optimize the structural elements in a building
model.

Based on the final results, the designs have been performed and drawings were
prepared using AutoCAD 2007.

 Building Design Parameters

Nepal is located in boundary between the Indian and Tibetan plates, along which a
relative shear strain of about 2 cm per year has been estimated. The Indian plate is
also sub-ducting at a rate of, thought to be, about 3 cm per year. The existence of the
Himalayan range with the world’s highest peaks is evidence of continued uplift. As a
result, Nepal is very active seismically.

Reinforced concrete buildings may fail due to the either columns are overstressed
and burst due to lack of enough strength to resist the shock of the earth tremor and
vibration or failure of reinforced concrete members like beams at the poor ductile
detailing. Columns also do fail due to short column effect and splicing failure. Beams
fail due to anchorage failure, shear failure and confinement failure.

The building consists of a RCC frame structure, which is essentially an assembly of

cast-in-situ-concrete beams and columns. Floors and roof design consists of cast-in-
place concrete slabs. Therefore the member sizes or structural elements,
reinforcement details, joint details are considered during design process such that to
meet the design standards for ductile performance of the structure.

For the design of the building, the Indian Standard criteria for earthquake resistant
design IS 1893:2002 have been referred. According to the IS Code, the seismic zone
for Kathmandu has been taken falling in Zone V with very severe seismic intensity
(zone factor z = 0.36) and accordingly all other parameters like spectral coefficient
(Sa/g) and tremor response period or fundamental natural period (T) were calculated.
After that all design requirements such as seismic weight of building, lateral forces at
different floor levels and different column heads, base shear, distribution of design
forces to different floor levels are considered.

The characteristic compressive strength for concrete of 20 N/mm 2 (M20) was used in
all structural members and characteristic strength of 500 N/mm 2 (Fe500) was used
for reinforcing steel.
PART II: PRELIMININARY DESIGN
The tentative size of structural elements are determined through the preliminary
design so that after analysis the pre assumed dimensions might not deviated
considerably , thus making the final design both safe and economical . Tentative size
of various elements has been determined as follows:

 SLAB
For slab, preliminary design is done according to deflection criteria span /effective
depth = 40*modification factor. (IS 456-2000 Art 24.1)

From deflection criteria, we have,

l
≤αβγδλ
d (Cl.23-2.1, p.37, IS456:2000)
Where,
α = Basic value of span to effective depth ratios for spans up to spans 10m.
β = a factor which accounts for correction in the values of α for spans greater
than 10m
γ= a factors which depends on the stress at service and amount of steel for
tension reinforcement
Areaof cross sec tion of steel required
fs=0 .58 fy×
For fy=500 , Areaof cross secti on provide
δ =a factor which depends on the area of compression reinforcement.
λ = a factor for flanged beams which depends on the ratio of web width to flange
width.
taken, αβγδλ=32
We

 BEAM
Thumb rule of (d=L/10 to L/12) basis is adopted to consider the preliminary design of
the beam section.
b 1
=
D 2

i) Depth of beam:
We have,
1 1
to
dbeam = 10 12 ofspan
ii) Width of beam:
1 2
to
We have, bbeam = 2 3 of d beam

 COLUMN
Preliminary design of column is done consideration and interior column. For the load
acting in the column, live load is decreased according to IS 875-1978.
Cross-section of the column is adopted considering the economy. Square column
section is adopted in this building project as per the internal aesthetic requirements.
A percentage of steel is taken as 0.8 to 6 percentage of cross section area of
column, but as taking 6% area of steel is more at a laps section so generally % of
steel is taken up to 4% only..

We have,

pA pA
P= 0.4
f A +0 . 67 f A
ck c y sc =0 . 4 f ( A −100 )+0 .67 f 100
ck g
g
y
g

 STAIRCASE
Stairs is designed as per drawing. Column for stairs boxes is not included in the grid
system but they are assumed to be simply tied with main frame with beam.
PART III: METHODOLOGY
The methodology adopted in the Structural Analysis and Design of Three and half Storied RCC
framed Residential Building has been described below:
1. Data Collection
All the data required for this project work have been taken from different literatures.
Design parameters have been taken from Indian Standard Code of Practice. Soil test report
collect from site.
2. Load Calculation
Load calculations have been done using the IS 875-1987 (Part 1 & Part 2) as reference.
The exact value of unit weights of the material used in the building has been extracted from the
code for the calculation. Thickness of materials was taken as per design requirement.
2.1 Vertical Load
Loads on slabs may be divided into
i. Dead load - self-weight of slab.
ii. Live load - from relevant codes.
Load on beam are:
a. Self – weight of beam.
b. Load transfer from slab.
c. Load due to wall.
d. Load transfer from staircase.
Load on the columns were calculated by finding out the total dead load and live loads
acting on the columns according to their coverage and adding self – weight of it.

a.) Self weight of the beam

In ETABS, after fixing the size of beam, software calculates self-weight of beam itself.
Moreover, the self weight of the beam as uniformly distributed load over the span can be found by
multiplying cross-sectional area of beam with unit weight of reinforce concrete.
b.) Load Transfer from slab to beam
The load of the slab, dead load as well as live load, can be converted to equivalent
uniformly distributed load for beam by two ways.
 Triangulation Load Distribution
 Trapezoidal Load Distribution
c). Load due to wall
The load of wall as uniformly distributed load over the span can be found by multiplying
thickness and height of the wall with unit weight of brick work. Opening have been calculated and
deducted wherever opening such as window, door exist. Partition load has been taken as 1 kN/m 2 area
of the slab.

d). Load transfer from staircase

Reaction produce by staircase have been calculated and this reactions have been
changed into uniformly distributed load over the beam by dividing span of beam.
2.2 Lateral Load Calculation

Lateral loads acting on building are earthquake load only. Earthquake or seismic load on
a building depends upon its geographic location, lateral stiffness and mass, and it’s reversible.
Thus its effect has been considered along both axes of the building taken one at the time. Due
to flat slab roof we have not considered wind load, also it is not practically used in our context.
Hence only seismic load analysis is carried out. For analysis and design earthquake action,
following methods can be applied.
1. Seismic Coefficient Method.
2. Response Spectrum Method.
Since the height of the building is less than 40m, equivalent static method is used.
On the basis of NBC 105:2020.

Seismic Load

Seismic design load for the building has been considered as per NBC 105:2020.

 The building is in Soil Type D. All the buildings are fairly regular so Equivalent Static
Method was used.
 Estimation of seismic force employing Equivalent Static Method (also known as
Seismic Coefficient Method): The method requires the calculation of base shear of the
building considering different factors. As per NBC 105:2020, the base shear, V is given
by,
V = Cd (T1) W
Where,
Cd (T1) = horizontal base shear coefficient as per 6.1
W = Seismic weight of the structure as per 5.2
Seismic Weight =DL+ p% of Live Load (30% or 60%)

For Ultimate Limit State,

C (T 1)
C d (T1)=
Rµ x Ωu
Where,
C (T1) = Elastic Site Spectra as per 4.1.1
Rµ = Ductility Factor as per 5.3
𝛀u = Over Strength Factor for ULS as per 5.4
 The Elastic site spectra for horizontal loading as per 4.1.1

C (T) = Ch(T) Z I
Where,
Ch(T) = Spectral Shape factor as per 4.1.2
Z = Seismic Zoning factor as per 4.1.4
I = Importance factor as per 4.1.5

Figure 1: Spectral Shape Factor, Ch(T) for Equivalent Static Method

For Vertical Distribution of Seismic Forces,

The lateral seismic force (Fi) induced at each level ‘i’ shall be calculated as:
k
W i hi
F i= n
xV
∑ W i hki
i

Where,
Wi=seismic weight of the structure assigned to level ‘i’;
hi= height (m) from the base to level ‘i’;
n= total number of floors/levels
V= horizontal seismic base shear calculated as per 6.2
K= an exponent related to the structural period as follows:
  for structure having time period T≤0.5sec, k=1
 for structure having time period T≥2.5sec, k=2
 for structure having period between 0.5 sec and 2.5 sec, k shall be
determined by linear interpolation between 1 and 2.
 For Serviceability Limit State,
Cs ( T 1 )
 C sd ( T 1 ) =
Ωs
 Where,
 Cs(T1) = Elastic Site Spectra as per 4.2
 𝛀s = Over Strength Factor for SLS as per 5.4
 The Elastic site spectra for SLS as per 4.2
 Cs(T) = 0.20 C(T)
Where,
 C(T) = Elastic site spectra for horizontal loading determined from clause
4.1.1

PART IV: LOAD CALCULATION

Design loads (imposed and earthquake) standard are referred to Indian Standard Code of
Practice IS: 875 (Part 2) 1987 for design loads for building and structures. Reduction in Imposed
Loads on Floors as allowed by the IS Code has been also applied. Dead loads are calculated as
per the mass and density of the structural and other building elements.
The dead loads and live loads are calculated as indicated below to start with for general
guidance.
Loading assumption:
A. Dead Load
Assuming slab thickness of 125 mm
Self Load of slab = 125*25/1000
= 3.125 kN/m2
50mm thick screed + punning on floor
Intensity = 1.00 kN/m2
Total Dead Load = 4.125 kN/m2

B. Live Load
IS: 875 (Part 2)-1987
Normal Residential building: 2kN/m2

Roof (Accessible)
LL = 1.5 kN/ m2
Roof ( Non-Accessible)
LL = 0.75 kN/ m2
Balcony and Lobby: 3 kN/ m2
C. Column assuming size, C1 =350mmx350mm

D. Grid Beam assuming size of 230mmx350mm

E. Secondary assuming size of 230mmx300mm

F. Exterior Wall assuming wall thickness of 230mm

Wall Load = 0.23(W)*2.5(H)*19.20
= 11 kN/m
Deducting 30% for openings,
Wall Load = 0.23(W)*2.5(H)*19.20* 0.7
= 7.7kN/m
G. Partition Wall,
Wall Load = 0.115(W)*2.5(H)*19.20
= 5.5kN/m

H. Parapet Wall
Load = 0.115(W)*1(H)*19.20

= 2.208kN/m

 Static Load Cases

 Seismic Load Calculation

Calculation of Ultimate Limit State
CALCULATION OF DESING SEISMIC COEFFICIENT FOR ULTIMATE LIMIT
STATE AS PER NBC105:2020
Lateral Load Resisting System     SMRF
Soil Type     Type D
No. of Stories     3+half story
Floor Height h   2.8448 m
Total Height of the Building H   11.3792 m
Approximate Time Period Ta=Kt*H^0.75 Cl.5.1.2 0.478 Sec
Time Period of Building T Cl.5.1.3 0.598 Sec
 Seismic Zone     Kathmandu
Seismic Zone Factor Z Cl.4.1.4 0.35  
Importance Factor I Cl.4.1.5 1.00  
Spectral Shape Factor Ch(T) Cl.4.1.2 2.25  
Elastic Site Spectra C(T)=Ch(T)ZI   0.79  
Ductility Factor (ULS) Rμ Cl.5.3.1 4.00  
Over Strength Factor (ULS) Ωμ Cl.5.4.1 1.50  
Cd(T)=C(T)/
Horizontal Base Shear Coefficient (ULS) (Rμ*Ωμ) Cl.6.1.1 0.13  
Building Height Exp. K K   1.045
Weight Of Building (W) W 3462.939 KN
Base Shear at Plinth level 437.7155  KN

Calculation of Serviceability Limit State

CALCULATION OF DESING SEISMIC COEFFICIENT FOR ULTIMATE LIMIT
STATE AS PER NBC105:2020
Lateral Load Resisting System     SMRF
Soil Type     Type D
No. of Stories     3+half story
Floor Height h   2.8448 m
11.379
Total Height of the Building H   2 m
Approximate Time Period Ta=Kt*H^0.75 Cl.5.1.2 0.478 Sec
Time Period of Building T Cl.5.1.3 0.598 Sec
Seismic Zone     Kathmandu
Seismic Zone Factor Z Cl.4.1.4 0.35  
Importance Factor I Cl.4.1.5 1.00  
Spectral Shape Factor Ch(T) Cl.4.1.2 2.25  
Elastic Site Spectra (ULS) C(T)=Ch(T)ZI   0.79  
Elastic Site Spectra (SLS) Cs(T)=0.20*C(T) 4.2.1 0.158
Over Strength Factor (SLS) Ωs Cl.5.4.2 1.25  
Horizontal Base Shear Coefficient
(SLS) Cd(T)=Cs(T)/(Ωs) Cl.6.1.2 0.1264  
Building Height Exp. K K   1.045
Weight Of Building (W) W 3462.939 KN
Base Shear at Plinth level 437.715  KN
PART V: DESIGN PARAMETERS
 ARCHITECTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Types of building Residential Building
Types of structural system Reinforced Concrete Frame
Number of stories Three and half story
Design provision for future extension No
Story Height 2.8448m
Height of parapet wall 1.0 m
Total height of the Building 11.3792 m
External wall/ some internal wall 230 mm
Few internal wall 115 mm
Plaster thickness 12 mm
 CONSTRUCTION SITE
Soil type Type II
Bearing capacity 100 KN/m2
 DIMENSIONS AND MATERIALS
Slab thickness125mm
Beam size (mm) 230x350
Column size (mm) 350x350
 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Cement Ordinary Portland cement
Grade of concrete M25 for Beam & Column
M20 for Slab & Footing
Grade of steel Fe500 for both main and shear reinforcement
 ASSESSMENT OF UNIT LOADS OF MATERIALS
DENSITY OF MATERIALS
Reinforced concrete 25.0KN/m3
Brick masonry 19.20KN/m3
Partition wall 1.00KN/m2
Floor finishes 1.00KN/m2
 ASSESSMENT OF LIVE LOAD
Unit loads on floor
Bed Rooms 2.0KN/m2

Corridors 3.0 KN/m2

Stairs 3.0 KN/m2
Roof (accessible) 1.5 KN/m2
Roof (Non accessible) 0.750 KN/m2

EFFECTIVE STIFFNESS OF CRACKED SECTIONS

A rational analysis shall be performed in arriving at the elastic flexural and shear stiffness
properties of cracked concrete and masonry elements. In absence of such analysis, the effective
stiffness of cracked sections shall be taken from NBC code 105:2020 Table 3-1.
Table 3-1 Effective stiffness of different components
PART VI: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
 Load Combinations taken in Analysis

Load Combination
As per NBC105:2020 of Clause 3.6 for limit state method.
Type of design load case considered:
 Dead Load
 Live Load
 Seismic Load

Load combinations as per NBC 105:2020 are considered:

1) 1.2DL + 1.5LL
2) DL + λLL  EQX
3) DL + λLL  EQY
Where,
λ = 0.6 for storage facilities and 0.3 for other usage

From clause 3.6.1 load combination for parallel systems is adopted thus load combination is,

TABLE: Load Combination

Definitions
Name Load Name SF
     
COMBO1 Dead 1.2
COMBO1 Live 1.5
COMBO1 Wall 1.2
COMBO1 Floor Finish 1.2
COMBO2 Dead 1
COMBO2 Live 0.3
COMBO2 Wall 1
COMBO2 Floor Finish 1
COMBO2 EQX 1
COMBO3 Dead 1
COMBO3 Live 0.3
COMBO3 Wall 1
COMBO3 Floor Finish 1
COMBO3 EQX -1
COMBO4 Dead 1
COMBO4 Live 0.3
COMBO4 Wall 1
COMBO4 Floor Finish 1
COMBO4 EQY 1
COMBO5 Dead 1
COMBO5 Live 0.3
COMBO5 Wall 1
COMBO5 Floor Finish 1
COMBO5 EQY -1
Analysis Detail:

Fig: Typical Floor Plan

Fig: ELEVATIONAL VIEW
Fig: Live Load
 Fig: Applied Wall Load
TABLE: Modal Participating Mass
Ratios        
Mod SumU
Case e Period UX UY UZ X SumUY SumUZ
    sec            
0.23 0.45 0.00
Modal 1 0.821 6 2 0 0.236 0.452 0
0.47 0.33 0.00
Modal 2 0.791 1 5 0 0.707 0.787 0
0.12 0.04 0.00
Modal 3 0.652 2 3 0 0.830 0.830 0
Modal 4 0.266 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.924 0.830 0
 5 0 0
0.00 0.10 0.00
Modal 5 0.261 0 5 0 0.924 0.935 0
0.01 0.00 0.00
Modal 6 0.215 4 3 0 0.939 0.939 0
0.01 0.02 0.00
Modal 7 0.167 6 1 0 0.954 0.959 0
0.02 0.01 0.00
Modal 8 0.155 4 7 0 0.978 0.976 0
0.00 0.00 0.00
Modal 9 0.132 5 6 0 0.983 0.982 0
0.00 0.01 0.00
Modal 10 0.117 4 2 0 0.987 0.993 0
0.01 0.00 0.00
Modal 11 0.112 3 5 0 0.999 0.998 0
0.00 0.00 0.00
Modal 12 0.095 1 2 0 1.000 1.000 0

The number of modes taken is 12. After 12 modes, the modal Participation Mass Ratio comes
out to be 100%. As per IS 1893-2002, the sum total of Modal mass of all modes considered
should be 90% of the Total Seismic Mass. Taking into consideration, the irregularities in Plan
configuration of the building, the modal Participation Mass Ratio comes out to 100% after 12
modes which is greater than 90% of Total Seismic Mass. So, the number of modes taken for
Modal Analysis is adequate.

Analysis output and check

Analysis Method
Analysis was conducted according to NBC105:2020, IS1893:2016 and IS456:2000. The ultimate
limit state approach was used as a design criterion. All load combination was entered into the
model. In addition to analysing member under typical load effect, for seismic design.
A computer model was constructed in ETABS to conduct three-dimensional frame analysis of
the structure. The model includes main beams, column, Slab
Story Drift

As per Cl. no. 5.6.3 of NBC 105:2020, the ratio of the inter-story deflection to the corresponding
story height shall not exceed:
0.025 at ultimate limit state
0.006 at serviceability limit state

The deflections shall be obtained by using the effective stiffness properties of the components as
given in 3.4. The design horizontal deflections shall be determined by multiplying the horizontal
deflection found from Equivalent Static Method or Modal Response Spectrum Method by the
Ductility factor (Rμ).
The storey drift obtained from ETABS shown in tabulated from below
TABLE: Story Drifts by Ultimate Limit State Method        
 Case Directio
Story Output Case Type n Drift Label X Y Z
Top EQX LinStatic X 0.002244675 32 9.7536 8.5852 11.3792
Top EQY LinStatic Y 0.002287017 11 11.43 0 11.3792
Third EQX LinStatic X 0.003585539 32 9.7536 8.5852 8.5344
Third EQY LinStatic Y 0.003973427 11 11.43 0 8.5344
Secon
d EQX LinStatic X 0.004749587 32 9.7536 8.5852 5.6896
Secon
d EQY LinStatic Y 0.005025511 11 11.43 0 5.6896
First EQX LinStatic X 0.003318102 7 8.382 8.5852 2.8448
First EQY LinStatic Y 0.00338903 11 11.43 0 2.8448
      Max= 0.005025511        
Note: The maximum story drift for ultimate limit state was found to be 0.00502 which when
multiplied by ductility factor Rµ (4 in this case) is 0.02 and is within the limit i.e. 0.025.

TABLE: Story Drifts by Serviceability Limit

State          
Story Output Case Case Type Direction Drift Label X Y Z
Top EQY LinStatic Y 0.0023 11 11.43 0 11.3792
Top EQxs LinStatic X 0.0022 32 9.7536 8.5852 11.3792
Third EQY LinStatic Y 0.0040 11 11.43 0 8.5344
Third EQxs LinStatic X 0.0035 32 9.7536 8.5852 8.5344
Secon
d EQY LinStatic Y 0.0050 11 11.43 0 5.6896
Secon
d EQxs LinStatic X 0.0046 32 9.7536 8.5852 5.6896
First EQY LinStatic Y 0.0034 11 11.43 0 2.8448
 First EQxs LinStatic X 0.0032 7 8.382 8.5852 2.8448
                 
      Max= 0.0050        

Note: The maximum story drift for service limit state was found to be 0.0029 and is within the
limit i.e. 0.006.

Irregularity Check
 Weak Storey Check
 A story is considered as weak story if the strength of the lateral force resisting
system in that story is less than 80% of the strength of the story above.
TABLE: Story Forces          
Locatio
Story Output Case Case Type n P VX VY
Top EQX LinStatic Top 1.78E-13 -83.5498107 1.40E-10
Top EQX LinStatic Bottom 1.78E-13 -83.5498107 1.40E-10
Top EQY LinStatic Top -1.31E-13 7.17E-11 -83.5498107
Top EQY LinStatic Bottom -1.31E-13 7.17E-11 -83.5498107
-
252.684617
Third EQX LinStatic Top 7.07E-12 4 3.41E-10
-
252.684617
Third EQX LinStatic Bottom 7.07E-12 4 3.41E-10
Third EQY LinStatic Top -4.63E-12 -5.74E-10 -
252.684617
 4
-
252.684617
Third EQY LinStatic Bottom -4.63E-12 -5.74E-10 4
-
Secon 385.274117
d EQX LinStatic Top 8.41E-12 2 4.60E-10
-
Secon 385.274117
d EQX LinStatic Bottom 8.41E-12 2 4.60E-10
-
Secon 385.274117
d EQY LinStatic Top -4.72E-12 -1.14E-09 2
-
Secon 385.274117
d EQY LinStatic Bottom -4.72E-12 -1.14E-09 2
-
450.182098
First EQX LinStatic Top 9.47E-12 5 5.18E-10
-
450.182098
First EQX LinStatic Bottom 9.47E-12 5 5.18E-10
-
450.182098
First EQY LinStatic Top -9.39E-12 -1.20E-09 4
-
450.182098
First EQY LinStatic Bottom -9.39E-12 -1.20E-09 4

 From Table we can see that there is no weak story in this building.
 Plan Irregularity
Torsion irregularity is considered to exist where the maximum horizontal
displacement of any floor in the direction of the lateral force (applied at the center of
mass) at one end of the story is more than 1.5 times its minimum horizontal
displacement at the far end of the same story in that direction.
Calculation,
TABLE: Joint Displacements by Ultimate State Method      
Stor Labe
y l Unique Name Output Case Case Type Ux Uy Uz
-
0.002
Top 6 189 EQX LinStatic 39.5368 2.2386 4
-
34.252 0.152
Top 6 189 EQY LinStatic -4.9452 8 7
Top 7 190 EQX LinStatic 39.5368 -3.4711 -
0.139
 3
-
38.688 0.126
Top 7 190 EQY LinStatic -4.9452 4 2
0.096
Top 9 191 EQX LinStatic 32.9739 -3.4711 4
-
38.688 0.090
Top 9 191 EQY LinStatic 0.1532 4 8
-
0.194
Top 10 192 EQX LinStatic 32.9739 -7.4088 4
-
41.747 0.230
Top 10 192 EQY LinStatic 0.1532 4 4
-
0.226
Top 11 193 EQX LinStatic 28.4455 -7.4088 3
41.747 0.203
Top 11 193 EQY LinStatic 3.6710 4 0
0.092
Top 12 194 EQX LinStatic 28.4455 -3.4711 5
38.688 0.257
Top 12 194 EQY LinStatic 3.6710 4 4
-
0.005
Top 18 198 EQX LinStatic 33.8271 2.2386 7
34.252 0.009
Top 18 198 EQY LinStatic -0.5096 8 4
-
0.047
Top 21 200 EQX LinStatic 32.9739 -5.2430 5
-
40.064 0.214
Top 21 200 EQY LinStatic 0.1532 9 5
-
0.215
Top 22 201 EQX LinStatic 33.8271 -5.2430 0
-
40.064 0.443
Top 22 201 EQY LinStatic -0.5096 9 5
-
1.675
Top 32 202 EQX LinStatic 39.5368 -5.2430 6
40.064 0.061
Top 32 202 EQY LinStatic -4.9452 9 0
Top 1 1 EQX LinStatic 34.2349 -2.9298 0.000
 0
38.267 0.000
Top 1 1 EQY LinStatic -0.8265 9 0
               
41.747
        Max= 39.5368 4  
34.252
        Min= 28.4455 8  
        Max/Min= 1.390 1.219  

Maxm. Disp. =39.536mm

Minm. Disp. = 28.445mm
We get ratio of Maxm. to Minm. = 1.39<1.5

For earthquake load acting on Y-direction Top Story

Maxm. Disp. =41.747mm
Minm. Disp. = 34.2528mm
We get ratio of Maxm. to Minm. = 1.219<1.5
Thus, from both check we get that the building is regular.
TABLE: Joint Displacements by Serviceability method    
Stor Labe Unique Output Case
y l Name Case Type Ux Uy Uz
LinStati 38.4805 -
Top 6 189 EQxs c 2 2.17981 0.00229
LinStati - 33.3345 -
Top 6 189 EQys c 4.81954 2 0.14866
LinStati 38.4805 - -
Top 7 190 EQxs c 2 3.37863 0.13563
 LinStati - 37.6572 -
Top 7 190 EQys c 4.81954 9 0.12286
LinStati 32.0915 - 0.09384
Top 9 191 EQxs c 1 3.37863 9
LinStati 0.14916 37.6572 -
Top 9 191 EQys c 8 9 0.08835
LinStati 32.0915 - -
Top 10 192 EQxs c 1 7.21203 0.18922
LinStati 0.14916 40.6385 -
Top 10 192 EQys c 8 1 0.22434
LinStati 27.6830 - -
Top 11 193 EQxs c 9 7.21203 0.22032
LinStati 3.57757 40.6385 0.19766
Top 11 193 EQys c 4 1 2
LinStati 27.6830 - 0.09008
Top 12 194 EQxs c 9 3.37863 2
LinStati 3.57757 37.6572 0.25060
Top 12 194 EQys c 4 9 5
LinStati 32.9220
Top 18 198 EQxs c 8 2.17981 -0.0055
LinStati - 33.3345 0.00918
Top 18 198 EQys c 0.49676 2 6
LinStati 32.0915 - -
Top 21 200 EQxs c 1 5.10366 0.04625
LinStati 0.14916 38.9988 -
Top 21 200 EQys c 8 4 0.20893
LinStati 32.9220 - -
Top 22 201 EQxs c 8 5.10366 0.20948
LinStati - 38.9988 -
Top 22 201 EQys c 0.49676 4 0.43203
LinStati 38.4805 - -
Top 32 202 EQxs c 2 5.10366 1.63264
LinStati - 38.9988 0.05957
Top 32 202 EQys c 4.81954 4 7
LinStati 33.3191 -
Top 1 1 EQxs c 3 2.85168 0
LinStati - 37.2474
Top 1 1 EQys c 0.80555 8 0
Axial Force Diagram
Shear Force Diagram
 Bending Moment Diagram

PART VII: DESIGN CALCULATIONS

 COLUMN DESIGN RESULT
Fig: Column rebar along grid A
Fig: Column rebar along grid B
Fig: Column rebar along grid C
Fig: Column rebar along grid D
 Using;
M25 grade of Concrete
Fe 500 grade of
Steel
Provided Reinforcement in Column

Stirrup
S.N Column ID Size ALL FLOOR
At End Ties At Mid Ties
           
1 A4,B4 350*350 4-20φ +4-16Ф 8mmφ @100mm c/c 8mmφ @150mm c/c

2 A1,D1,D2,A3,B3,D3, 350*350 8-16φ 8mmφ @100mm c/c 8mmφ @150mm c/c

3 C1,A2,C2, 350*350 4-16φ +4-12Ф 8mmφ @100mm c/c 8mmφ @150mm c/c

ETABS Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Column Section Design

Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
First C19 8 COL(350*350) COMBO3 0 2844.8 0.791

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
350 350 56 30

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
25000 25 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15
 Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3
Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm² %
418.5786 8.3716 -117.2252 8.3716 8.3716 1941 1.58

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

K Factor Length Initial Moment Additional Moment Minimum Moment
Unitless mm kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major Bend(M3) 0.635914 2444.8 -56.8107 0 8.3716
Minor Bend(M2) 0.65278 2444.8 -2.6699 0 8.3716

Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 61.7786 90.5414 41.1595 59.2115 387.95
Minor, Vu3 29.2468 90.5414 41.1595 29.2468 387.95

Joint Shear Check/Design

Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear

Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Major Shear, Vu2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Minor Shear, Vu3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

(1.4) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

Major Ratio Minor Ratio
N/A N/A

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS 39.7.1.1)

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
1225 19.4 2105.854 557.2107 418.5786 1

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1) (Part 1 of 2)

Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded
Major Bending (M3 ) Yes 0.859 350 4.442 12 No
Minor Bending (M2 ) Yes 0.859 350 4.56 12 No

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1) (Part 2 of 2)

Ma
Moment (kN-m)
0
0

Notes:
N/A: Not Applicable
N/C: Not Calculated
N/N: Not Needed

BEAMDESIGN RESULT

Fig: Beam rebar in First Floor

Fig: Beam rebar in Second Floor
Fig: Beam rebar in Third Floor Plan
 Fig: Beam rebar in Top Floor Plan

Using fck= M25

fy=FE 500 TMT bars
OVERALL DEPTH OF MAIN BEAM (D) =350 mm
Clear Cover of Beam (d')= 25 mm
Effective Depth Of Beam (d) =325 mm

BEAM ALONG X & Y - DIRECTION

BEAM SIZE Top Bar Area Required Bottom Bar Area Required
FLOOR
(mm) At Support At End At Support At End
           
2-16φ (Regular)+ 2-12φ (Regular)+
First 230*350 2-16φ (Regular) 2-12φ (Regular)
(1-12φ) (Extra) (1-12φ) (Extra)
            
2-16φ (Regular)+ 2-12φ (Regular)+
Second 230*350 2-16φ (Regular) 2-12φ (Regular)
(1-12φ) (Extra) (1-12φ) (Extra)
           
2-12φ (Regular)+ 2-12φ (Regular)+
Third 230*350 2-12φ (Regular) 2-12φ (Regular)
(1-12φ) (Extra) (1-12φ) (Extra)
           
2-12φ (Regular)+ 2-12φ (Regular)+
TOP 230*350 2-12φ (Regular) 2-12φ (Regular)
(1-12φ) (Extra) (1-12φ) (Extra)
ETABS Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Beam Section Design

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
First B17 31 MB(230X350) COMBO5 175 4419 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
230 350 230 0 25 25

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
25000 25 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored

Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-40.4893 2.8878 58.3173 0
 Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative

Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-40.4893 4.2836 0 -44.7729

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, M u3 & Tu

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required

-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) -44.7729 350 0 350 179
Bottom (-2 Axis) 0 175 0 0 175

Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
58.3173 0 78.4061 31.0627 668.52

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, Tu & VU2

Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
2.8878 58.3173 200 320 366.69

SAMPLE DESIGN CALCULATION OF THE SLAB of (14'-6"*14'-6")

N/
Grade of the concrete fck= 20 mm2
N/
Grade of the steel fy= 500 mm3
KN/
Density of the concrete ɼ= 25 m3
Thickness of the slab and durability considerations
Center to center distance between column= Lx eff.= 4.420 m
Center to center distance between column= Ly eff.= 4.420 m
Cover for the mild exposure c 20 mm
Effective depth provided d 105 mm
Overall depth of the slab D 125 mm
width of slab b 1000 mm
3)design load
Dead load of the slab DL= 3.125 KN/m2
Floor finish FF= 1 KN/m2
Partition wall PP= 1 KN/m2
Live load LL= 2 KN/m2
Ceiling plaster CP= 0.5 KN/m2
Total load TL= 7.625 KN/m2
 11.43
Factored load Pu= 8 KN/m2

4)Type of the slab

Ly/Lx= 1.00 < 2
the slab is two way
Hence, slab.
Two way slab :
Case: 4
Two Adjacent edge discontinous
5 )bending moment coefficients-middle strips
For Ly eff/Lx eff= 1.00
For Simply supported
Max L/d= #REF! Pt= 0.15% Beam
From IS Code 456 2000, Table 26 ,Clause D-1.1 and 24.4.1
Short direction ,Mx=α*w*Lx^2 co-eff (α) M(KNm)
Negative on continuous edge 0.047 10.500
Positive at the mid span 0.035 7.819
Longer span ,My=α*w*Lx^2
Negative at the continuous edge 0.047 10.500
Positive at the mid span 0.035 7.819

Minimum depth
Mu=0.136*fck*b*d^2
d= 62.13 < 105 mm
Hence, OK
6) Reinforcement Calculation
A) Short direction (-ve Mx)
For -ve Mx
Mx=0.87*fy*Astx(d-(fy*Astx)/(fck*b))
1050013
A= 10.875 B= -45675 C= 5
Astx= 244.07 mm2
Spacing(m As(mm2
Let us Provide dia. (mm) m) ) %
0.2
Required reinforcement bars 8 205.84126 244.07 3
0.3
Provide Reinforcement bars 8 150 334.93 2
with Alternate Bent up bars

Spacing Rule (S)

not greater
S= than 3*d 315 mm
 not greater
than 300 mm
not less
than 75 mm
Hence, OK
Again,
Ast min= 0.12%*bD 126 mm2
Ast max= 4%*bD 5000 mm2
not greater than Ast
Astx max
not less than Ast min
Hence, OK

Short direction (+ve Mx)

For +ve Mx
Mx=0.87*fy*Astx(d-(fy*Astx)/(fck*b))
7819249
A= 10.875 B= -45675 C= .7
Astx= 205.40 mm2
Spacing(m As(mm2
Let us Provide dia. (mm) m) )
Required reinforcement bars 8 244.59591 205.40
Provide Reinforcement bars 8 150 334.93
with Alternate Bent up bars

Spacing Rule (S)

not greater
S= than 3*d 315 mm
not greater
than 300 mm
not less
than 75 mm
Hence, OK
Again,
Ast min= 0.12%*bD 126 mm2
Ast max= 4%*bD 5000 mm2
not greater than Ast
Astx max
not less than Ast min
Hence, OK

B) Long direction
For -ve My
My=0.87*fy*Asty(d-(fy*Asty)/(fck*b))
A= 10.875 B= -45675 C= 1050013
 5
Asty= 244.07 mm2
Spacing(m As(mm2
Let us Provide dia. (mm) m) )
Required reinforcement bars 8 205.84126 244.07
Provide Reinforcement bars 8 150 334.93
Again,
B) Long direction
For +ve My
My=0.87*fy*Asty(d-(fy*Asty)/(fck*b))
A= 10.875 B= -45675 C= 7819250
Asty= 178.81 mm2
Spacing(m As(mm2
Let us Provide dia. (mm) m) )
Required reinforcement bars 8 280.98 178.81
Provide Reinforcement bars 8 150 334.93
with Alternate Bent up bars

Check for shear

Refer code Is 456: 2000 (Cl. -401) Table 19
Shear Force (Vu)=w*lx/2 25.27 KN
Ԏv=Vu/bd 0.241 N/mm2
Pt=((Ast)/(b*d))*100% 0.32 %
Ԏc 0.394 N/mm2
Clause 40.2.1.1 of IS 456-2000)
For depth D=150mm or less
K= 1.3
Ԏc'=Ks*Ԏc= 0.512 N/mm2 > 0.241 N/mm2
Hence,
Ԏc'>Ԏv OK

Check for development length

Development length for 8 mm bar Ld=47* Dia. 376.0 mm
Ld<= 1.3*M'/V+16*dia
(0.87*fy*dia)/
Ld= (4*1.2*1.6)
(0.87*fy*dia)/(4*1.2*1.6)<= 1.3*M'/V+16*dia
7344049.
M'=0.87*fy*Astx/2(d-(fy*Astx/2)/(fck*b)) 71 N-mm
7.34 KN-m
V= 25.27 KN
> 8mm
dia= 9.29 mm (provided)
Hence, OK
 Development length for 8 mm bar
Ld=(0.87*fy*dia)/(4*1.2*1.6) 453.13 mm
Deflection check of the slab
fs=0.58*fy*(ast req./ast
Steel stress of the service load provd) 211.3279 Mpa
pt= (ast
Percentage of steel provided provd/bd)*100% 0.32 %
(Clause 24.1.2 of IS 456-2000)
For two-way slabs of short spans (greater than 3.5 m)
The minimum depth of slab is based on service ability requirement
Lx/d= 23
α= 23.00
for
β= 1 span<10m
from chart of IS Code page no
Required modification factor γ= 1.8 38
δ= 1 since compressive steel is zero
λ= 1 for rectangular section
d=lxeff/ m
Therefore, αβγδλ 106.75 mm < 105 m
NG
From the chart-4,Is -456
With respect to Pt= 0.32
Basic values of span to effective Max
depth ratio for span up to 10m. Lx/d= 23
Allowable deflection dallw 41.4 mm
Maximum deflection Lx/d 42.091 < 41.4 mm
Hence, OK
Footing Design
Adopted Bearing Capacity Of Soil =100KN/m^2
TABLE: Joint Reactions          
Output
Story Label Unique Name Case Case Type FX FY FZ
Combinatio
Base 5 122 1.5(DL+LL) n 7.135 -9.812 318.775
Combinatio
Base 6 124 1.5(DL+LL) n -0.746 -13.440 680.544
Combinatio
Base 7 126 1.5(DL+LL) n -0.629 -16.525 748.434
Combinatio
Base 9 128 1.5(DL+LL) n -3.717 9.599 848.569
Combinatio
Base 10 130 1.5(DL+LL) n -4.634 -1.572 275.445
Combinatio
Base 11 132 1.5(DL+LL) n -2.878 5.340 257.890
Combinatio
Base 12 134 1.5(DL+LL) n -4.708 6.816 464.503
 Combinatio
Base 14 136 1.5(DL+LL) n 2.093 9.741 482.349
Combinatio
Base 15 138 1.5(DL+LL) n 2.889 10.367 368.071
Combinatio
Base 16 140 1.5(DL+LL) n 5.621 -2.861 585.290
Combinatio
Base 18 142 1.5(DL+LL) n -0.426 2.347 878.541

DESIGN AND CALCULATION OF ISOLATED FOOTING

Given Data

Depth of column (l)= 350 mm 0.35 m

Breadth of column (b)= 350 mm 0.35 m
Grade of concrete (fck)= 20 Mpa
Grade of steel (fy)= 500 Mpa
Bearing Capacity of soil (qa)= 100 KN/m
368.07
Factored load of base 1 KN
245.38
Service load= 1 KN

Size of Footing
Area= 2.70 mm^2 1.643
Considering square Footing
Length of footing (L)= 1.95 m
Breadth of footing (B)= 1.95 m
Reaction of soil (qa')= 96.797 KN/m <100 KN/m

Maximum bending moment occur At face of column

Mmax= qa'*B*0.5*(L/2-l/2)^2
60.401 KN-m
Depth of footing (d)=(Mmax/(2.75*B))^1/2
d= 106.130 mm

d= 212.261 mm
Adopting
Overall depth (D)= 500 mm
Effective depth (d)= 450 mm 0.45 m

Calculation of Reinforcement
Mmax=0.87*fy*Ast*d*(1-Ast*fy/(B*d*fck))
A= 5.5769230 B= - C= 6E+07
77 19575
 0
Ast= 311.325 mm^2
At1= 113.097 mm^2 using 12 mmФ
providing 12mmФ @150mm c/c
1470.26 mm^2 311.32
Ast provided = 1 > 5 mm^2

Check of one way Shear

Vmax=qa'*B*(L/2-l/2-d)
= 66.064 KN
Nominal shear stress
(τv)= Vmax/B*d
0.075 N/mm^2
100*Ast/B*d= 0.17
N/ N/
(τc)= 0.296 mm^2> 0.075 mm^2 ok

Check of 2 way shear

Maximum shear force
Vu=qa'(L*B-(l+d)(b+d))
306.121 KN
Nominal shear stress
(τv)= Vu/(Bod)
Bo= 2*(l+d)+2*(b+d)
= 3200 mm
(τv)= 0.213 N/mm^2

(τc)= ks*τc'
0.25*fck^1
τc'= /2
= 1.118 N/mm^2
N/
(τc)= 1.118 N/mm^2 > 0.213 mm^2 ok

Development Length τbd= 1.92

0.87*ф*fy/(4*
Ld= τbd)

= 679.6875 mm

8)Check for the transfer of load at the base of the column

Loaded area at the base of the column A2 122500 mm^2
Supporting area for the bearing of the
footing A1 3802500 mm^2
(A1/A2)^0.5= 5.571 > 2
So adopt, (A1/A2)^0.5 = 2
Permissible stress on the full area of the concrete ,
N/
Cbr= 0.45*fck Cbr 9 mm2
Actual compressive stress at the base of N/
the column fbr=Pu/Ac 0.071 mm2 < cbr
Hence, ok
Hence, Dowel Bar is not required.
Therefore, Adopt Size of Footing
L= 1.95m
B= 1.95m
H= 1.524m from Ground Level

Design of Critical Strap Beam

As per IS 456:2000

KN (Exterior
Pc1= 318.7754 column)
KN (Interior
Pc2= 585.2905 Column)
service load on column1= 212.52 KN
service load on column2= 390.19 KN
Distance between two column from center to center
(L)= 4.420 m
(350*350
Size of Column 1 = ) mm^2
(350*350
Size of Column 2 = ) mm^2
Safe Bearing Capacity of soil(S.B.C)= 100 KN/m^2
a1= 0.35 m
Materials Used

M20 grade
Fe 500TMT
bars

Ultimate Stresses

N/
fck= 20 mm^2
N/
fy= 500 mm^2
 Size Of Footing

Total wt of footing 1.1%*(Pc1+Pc2)= 662.982 KN

Footing Area Required= 6.630 m^2
Let L1 and L2 be the length of footing under each column 1 and 2
respectively.
Assuming B be the width of footing
Then;
B*(L1+L2)= 6.630 m^2
Assuming B= 1.95 m
L1+L2= 3.400 m
The centroid of loads from center of column 2=x
x= 1.558 m
If x is also the distance of CG of areas from center of column 2, we have
x= B*L1(c/c distance betn
Column+b1/2-L1/2)/(B(L1+L2))
5.298 = 4.595 L1- 0.5 L1^2
0.5 L1^2 - 4.595 L1+ 5.298 = 0
L1= 7.837 m
L1= 1.352 m

Adopt Size Of Footing

F1= 1.95 * 1.95 m^2
F2= 1.95 * 1.95 m^2

Net Area of Footing= 7.605 m^2

Upward soil Pressure (Pu)= 118.878 KN/m^2 < 150 KN/m^2
Qu per unit length of footing= 231.812 KN/m
Factored Moment

Assuming; width of strap Beam (b)= 0.35 m

Cantilevered Projection of slab beyond beam (L)= 0.800 m
Maximum Factored Moment (Mu)= 0.5*Pu*L^2 38.041 KN-m

Depth Of Footing

a. From Moment Consideration

Mu= 0.134*fck*b*d^2
d= 85.318 mm

b. From Shear Consideration

 Vu=Pu(L-d) Clause 22.6.2.1 IS 456-2000
Assuming Shear strength of concrete
Tc= 0.36 N/mm^2
For M20 grade of concrete with reinforcement percentage pt= 0.25
Tc= Vu/bd
d= 198.5940009 mm
Adopt effective depth (d)= 450 mm
Overall Depth (D)= 500 mm
Reinforcement in Footing

Mu=0.87*fy*Ast*d*(1-Ast*fy/(b*d*fck)) (Clause G-1.1 of IS 456-2000)

3804090
24.16666667 Ast^2- 195750 Ast+ 6 0
Ast= 199.235 mm^2
Provide 12mmФ @ 150 mmc/c Ф= 12 mm
mm^
Ast provided= 1763.424 mm^2 > 199.235 2

Shear Force at distance d(300mm) from the face of column

Vu= -133.326 KN
nominal shear stress
tv=Vu/bd
tv= 0.152 N/mm^2
Pt*100/(b*d)= 0.20 % (Table 19 of IS 456-2000)
For D=450mm K=1 (Clause 40.2.1.1 of IS 456-2000)
N/
Tc= 0.321 N/mm^2 > 0.152 mm^2 ok

7. Design of strap beam

Maximum shear force at centre line of column A from Column A

Side
V1= -40.5671
V2= 278.2083

Maximum shear force at centre line of column B from Column B

side
V1= 226.016
V2= -359.274
278.208 = 133.258
x 1.775 (-X)
X= 1.200
The strap beam is analysed for maximum bending moment and shear force with column
forces at A and B as reactions. Maximum positive working BM occurs at a distance of
1.200 m from column A and has a magnitude of 163.396 KN-m
Maximum Positive bending moment = 163.40 KN-m
113.0
Maximum negative bending moment at center line of column B= 1 KN-m
Adopt width of strap beam (b)= 350 mm
Effective depth (d)= 418.934
Depth required from shear consideration will be larger.
Hence , adopt effective depth
d= 450 mm
Overall depth (D)= 500 mm

Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d (1 - Ast fy / bdfck) (Clause G-1.1 of IS 456-2000)

Substituting the value we get;
Reinforcement For TOP
1.63E+0
a= 31.071 b= -195750 c= 8
Ast= 990.421 mm^2
Adopt: 16 mm bar 3 no.
16 mm bar 2 no.
Provided Ast = 1011.2 > ok

Reinforcement For BOTTOM

Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d (1 - Ast fy / bdfck)
1.13E+0
a= 31.071 b= -195750 c= 8
Ast= 642.919 mm^2
Adopt: 16 mm bar 4 no.
0 mm bar 0 no.
Provided Ast = 808.96 > ok

Check for
shear
Maximum shear occurs at a distance of d/2 mm from the face of the column A
Maximum shear force Vu = 185.484 KN
Maximum shear stress Tvc =Vu/bd 1.178 Mpa
1.17 o
Maximum shear strength of M20 concrete Tc max= 2.8 > 8 k
Percentage of tension reinforcement ( pt) = 0.64 %
(Clause 40.2.1.1 of IS 456-2000)
for D = 500 mm
K= 1
(Table 19 of IS 456-2000)
Permissible shear stress = k Tc = 0.525 < 1.178 Mpa
Provide shear reinforcement
Balance shear force = Vus = 102.796 KN
Also, Vus = 0.87 fy Asv d / Sv
Adopt 8 mm 2- legged stirrup
Therefore, spacing Sv= 192.558 mm
Provide 8mm 2- legged stirrups @ 150mm c/c
Details of strap beam
width =
350mm
depth 500mm
Reinforcement at top 5-16Ф(Reg)
Reinforcement at Bottom 4-16Ф(Reg)
8 mm stirrups @ 150 mm c/c
foundation size 1.95m*1.95m
Foundation depth = 1.524m from ground level
Reinforcement in foundation= 12mm Ф @ 150mm c/c Top & Bottom (Both ways)

Design Of Raft Foundation

Size of column 350*350 mm^2
fy= 500 N/mm^2
fck= 20 N/mm^2
Colum Nod Reaction Service X Y (m) Px Py
n e load (m)
    KN KN     KN-m KN-m
0.77 249.2 242.8
A2 136 482.349 321.566 5 0.755
5.19 1608.7 233.8
A3 134 464.503 309.669 5 0.755
A4 132 257.890 171.927 8.22 0.755 1413.2 129.8
0.77 453.9 2867.0
C2 142 878.540 585.693 5 4.895
5.19 2938.9 2408.8
B3 128 848.569 565.712 5 4.258
B4 130 275.445 183.630 8.22 4.258 1509.4 781.9
0.77 351.6 4231.6
D2 124 680.544 453.696 5 9.327
5.19 2592.1 4653.8
D3 126 748.434 498.956 5 9.327
15549.
      3090.849     11117.1 4  

Eccentricity along X- direction is obtained by taking moment of column loads about

the grid 1-1
X̅ = 3.60 m
Cg (x)= 3.718 m
ex= 0.12 m

Eccentricity along X- direction is obtained by taking moment of column loads about

the grid A-A
y̅ = 5.031 m
Cgy= 4.422 m
ey= -0.609 m
Service load (P)= 3090.849 kN

Ix= 1877.186 m^4

Iy= 1302.883 m^4
A= 69.359 m^2
Mx= -1881.703 kN-m
My= 374.679 kN-m
P/
A= 44.563 KN/m^2

Soil Pressure at different point are as follows :

σx = P/A±MY*x/Iy±MX*y/Ix

σi(KN/
Column Joint Pu (KN) X (m) Y(m) mm^2) Result
-
3.64
A2 136 321.566 -2.943 7 47.372  
-
3.64 σi<100
A3 134 309.669 1.477 7 48.644
-
KN/
3.64
mm^2
A4 132 171.927 4.499 7 49.513
0.47
 
C2 142 585.693 -2.943 3 43.243
-
0.16  
B3 128 565.712 1.477 4 45.152
-
0.16  
B4 130 183.630 4.499 4 46.021
4.90
 
D2 124 453.696 -2.943 5 38.800
 4.90
 
D3 126 498.956 1.477 5 40.071

steel grade =Fe500

fck= 20 N/mm^2

Calculation of Depth from 2 way shear consideration

shear strength of concrete
Tc = 0.25*fck^0.5
Column Joint V (KN) bo Tc d Adopted Overall
N/ Depth(D
        mm^2 mm (d)mm )
197.13
A2 136 482.349 4(d+350) 1.118 6
191.73
A3 134 464.503 4(d+350) 1.118 5
244.28
A4 132 257.890 2(0.5d+350) 1.118 2
301.52
C2 142 878.540 4(d+350) 1.118 8
d=450 D=500
294.44
B3 128 848.569 4(d+350) 1.118 3
257.34
B4 130 275.445 2(0.5d+350) 1.118 9
2(0.5d+350)+ 348.45
D2 124 680.544 (d+350) 1.118 3
2(0.5d+350)+ 372.81
D3 126 748.434 (d+350) 1.118 6

Average Stress along grids in (KN/m2)  

In X-direction the raft is divided into 3 strip
The Bending Moment is obtained by using a co-efficient of 1/10 and L as centre of column
distance

Adopte spacin
Beam σi Length Wide B. M d Ast min Ast d g provided % Provided bar
  KN/m^2 (L)m (B)m KN-m mm req req Bar mm Ast Ast in two direction
            mm^2 (mm^2)          
12mmφ @125mm
(A-A 48.510 4.42 2.235 142.16 450 758.1407 540 12 125 905.1429 0.2 c/c
12mmφ @125mm
(B-C) 44.805 4.42 4.002 131.3 450 697.8068 540 12 125 905.1429 0.2 c/c
12mmφ @125mm
(D-D) 39.435 4.42 2.671 115.56 450 611.113 540 12 125 905.1429 0.2 c/c

In Y-direction the raft is divided into 3 strip

Beam σi Length Wide B. M d Ast min Ast Adopted spacing provided % Provided bar
  KN/m^2 (L)m (B)m KN-m mm req req Bar mm Ast Ast in two direction
            (mm^2) (mm^2)          
12mmφ @150mm
(2-2) 43.138 4.432 2.985 127.102 450 674.592 540 12 150 754.286 0.18 c/c
12mmφ @150mm
(3-3) 44.622 4.432 3.353 131.475 450 698.773 540 12 150 754.286 0.18 c/c
12mmφ @150mm
(4-4) 47.767 3.483 2.057 86.921 450 455.572 540 12 150 754.286 0.18 c/c

SUMMARY OF FOOTING
Grade of Concrete M20
Grade of steel Fe 500  
S.N Grid Footing Size Overall Effective Reinforcement
      m Depth mm Depth mm  
12 mmФ@125 mm c/c (X-
dir)
1 B3,D3,C2,D2 RF1 9.507*8.22 500 450
12 mmФ@150 mm c/c (Y
dir)
2 A1,C1,D1 F1 1.95*1.95 500 450 12 mmФ@150 mm c/c

Standards and Codes of Practice:

1. Indian Standards Code of Practice For Plain & Reinforced Concrete IS: 456-
2000; Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), July 2000, New Delhi
2. Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete IS: 456-1978 Special Publication: 16
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), New Delhi
3. Nepal National Building Code, NBC 105: 2020, Department of Housing and
Physical Planning.
4. Handbook on Concrete reinforcement and Detailing, Special Publication: 34 [SP:
34 –1987].
5. Explanatory Handbook on Code for Earthquake Engineering IS: 1893 –2002,
Beau of Indian Standards (BIS), New Delhi.
6. Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected to Seismic forces-
Indian Code of Practice IS 13920: 1993, Beau of Indian Standards (BIS), New
Delhi.