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 Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education
Vol. 16, Issue No. 1, January-2019, ISSN 2230-7540

Critical Analysis in the Work of V. S. Naipaul: A

House for Mr. Biswas

Poonam Devi*

Abstract – A House for Mr. Biswas (1961) is the critical novel of V. S. Naipaul which accomplished overall
notoriety. Naipaul presents a reliable picture of social reality in the Non-Western existence where seized
individuals search their personality. It is the novel about a Trinidadian Hindu who enormously wants to
have his own house. The hero Mr. Biswas battles for convenience, completeness, request and roots. The
novel has components of high parody and shocking sentiment has gotten firmly connected with
Naipaul's very own quest for significance and network regardless of distancing impacts of
expansionism. The novel can be perused on various levels. Indeed, even with no unique accentuation on
its recorded setting, it actually remains constant as a novel about disappointment and lamentable
weakness that lies at the center of all human life. The traveler thinks to have his own house in an
outsider land. Home isn't just where one lives. It is one's personality public, social, profound. Home is
the place where one has a place. The dirt has supported one's body and soul. Home is a security. Home
is the spot with which we get profound delight.

Keyword: Rootlessness, Exile, Expatriation, Homelessness

-----------------------------------X----------------------------------

INTRODUCTION This paper discredits a portion of the predominant

negative studies of Naipaul's composition,
"Diaspora" got from the Greek word "diasperia" in a specifically by West Indian scholars and pundits, for
real sense implies dissipating or scattering of example, George Lamming, Derek Walcott, Selwyn
individuals from their country. The term was initially Cudjoe, and Glyne Griffith, by offering an elective
utilized for the Jewish externment from its country yet perusing of A House for Mr. Biswas from the
is currently applied as a "figurative assignment" for diasporic point. The novel contains topics that run all
evacuees, outcasts and settlers. Diaspora writing through his composition yet it denotes an
includes a thought of a country, a spot from where unmistakable period in the advancement of his
the relocation happens and stories of brutal composition and craftsmanship. It shows a novel
excursions attempted by virtue of financial impulse. friendship for the country of his introduction to the
The Indian diaspora is a conventional term to depict world. It manages the verifiable time of
the individuals who relocated from regions that are at expansionism and indenture and the encounters of
present inside the fringes of the Republic of India. It relocation and uprooting concerning Trinidad. The
additionally alludes to their relatives. This diaspora is crudeness of feeling present in the novel is missing
made out of NRIs (non-occupant Indian) and PIOs in Naipaul's later messages which have gotten
(Person of Indian Origin) who have procured the progressively modern in their treatment of home and
citizenship of some other nation. These diasporic personality. Naipaul disclosed to Rachel Donadio in
Indians have vanquished high tops in their picked the New York Times Book Review that "the novel's
field by their sheer difficult work and resolute time was finished" and that when "you compose a
commitment. In spite of the fact that genuinely novel ... you weave somewhat story. Furthermore,
removing themselves from their homeland, these its O.K., however it's of no record". In any case, a
abroad Indians keep up a solid social, enthusiastic rehashing of A House for Mr. Biswas recommends
and monetary bond with their motherland as Prof. that it is a phenomenal account which inspires the
Dipesh Chakroborty of University of Chicago says… memory of indenture and the post-indentured
'we used to believe that to find Indian culture you unaccommodated man with mental intensity and
needed to go to India… ' and now progressively you enthusiastic truth.
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realize that Indian culture is both inside and outside

as individuals have become diasporic, as societies The Indian diaspora imparts a typical character to
stop to be established specifically puts … and that I the nation of starting point, a cognizance of their
believe is an energizing chance'. social legacy. It is an intriguing Catch 22 that a lot of
Indian composing is distributed not in India but

Poonam Devi* 2691

 Critical Analysis in the Work of V. S. Naipaul: A House for Mr. Biswas

rather in different pieces of the world essentially the world we live in. Naturally introduced to a group
enough this inventive writing from and about the of indentured workers delivered from India to
diaspora holds an unmistakable and recognized spot Trinidad, he battled a ton in his youth and was
on the planet's abstract creative mind. There are presented to the distinct real factors of life since the
various journalists of Indian diaspora who have made beginning. Be that as it may, he was resolved to
their quality emphatically felt in the domain of world transcend the difficulties of his initial life and took a
writing. The rundown is ceaseless and incorporates stab at school to fabricate a superior future for him.
incredible illuminating presences like V.S. Naipaul, His diligent effort paid off and he got a grant to learn
Salman Rushdie, Kiran Desai, A.K. Ramanujan, at the lofty Oxford University. At this point he had
Agha Shahid Ali, Vikram Seth, Vikas Swarup and so understood that his actual premium was composing
on These scholars vary not just in socio-social and started composing sincerely. Be that as it may,
foundation and artistic parentages yet additionally in his initial efforts to compose end up being fruitless.
their topical distractions and styles. The reactions Forlorn and shaky, he was nearly sadness whenever
and stories additionally fluctuate starting with one a possibility meeting with a young lady, Patricia Ann
craftsman then onto the next craftsman, some Hale, changed the course of his life. Solidness,
worship, others got wistful and nostalgic while there whom he in the long run wedded, urged him to
are some who denounce their property of root as a compose and furthermore filled in as his first
region of obscurity however whatever their diasporic supervisor. In the long run his composing profession
condition, their feeling of outcast and distance, they took off and he picked up a lot of acknowledgment
attempt to look for recharging by making emblematic for his accounts which portrayed the life in the Third
re-visitations of their beginnings and this is the thing World nations.
that binds all their composition into a solidarity.
Childhood & Early Life
One of the colossal and suffering figure in the artistic
field is Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul-a Nobel V. S. Naipaul was brought into the world on 17
Laureate whose fantastic guardians had likewise August 1932 in Chaguanas in Trinidad into a family
promptly joined the fleeting trend of the indentured of indentured workers delivered from India to
workers to Trinidad with some expectation of a Trinidad. He was the subsequent youngster
superior employment prospect, however its destined to Seepersad Naipaul and Droapatie.
staggering outcomes were before long
acknowledged by them. They wound up estranged in He experienced childhood in a to a great extent
a land with weird culture. They were brahmins of laborer Indian worker network. Despite the fact that
India yet social and political frameworks of the his grandparents had filled in as indentured workers,
outsider land had constrained them to change their his dad figured out how to get instruction and turned
social and the strict ceremonies. Despite the fact that into an English-language writer. His dad's vocation
monetarily their status had gotten raised however as a columnist and his deference for journalists
sincerely they felt urgent and rootless. Naipaul motivated Naipaul, and as a little youngster he
expounds feelingly on the Indian diaspora in Trinidad excessively sought to turn into an essayist.
and Tobago-about a believing an enduring an
emergency of personality. They had come looking for In 1939, his family moved to Trinidad's capital, Port
better life or El Dorado and stayed there as outsiders of Spain and he took affirmation at the public
as it were authority run Queen's Royal College, in Port of
Spain. V. S. Naipaul was a decent understudy and
Naipaul never utilizes "diaspora" however obviously his persistent effort procured him a Trinidad
diasporic experience the experience of rootlessness, Government grant and he left the nation to learn at
relocation and migrancy. The unique inadequacy of the Oxford University in 1952.
the Indian kid, grandson of outsider whose past out
of nowhere severed, unexpectedly fell away into the He was befuddled and uncertain about his future as
abyss among Antilles and India is behind the an understudy at the Oxford. He gave centering a
crudeness of nerves, the anxiety that gives his shot his composition yet was not happy with his own
exposition the uncommon nature of frenzy and this endeavors. He felt forlorn and discouraged and was
writing conveys the pair of the first takeoff, the agony nearly a psychological breakdown.
of ranch life in the very interstics of language in the
stylish plan of crafted by craftsmanship. Intellectually upset, he set out on a rash excursion
to Spain in 1952 and burned through the entirety of
BIOGRAPHY OF AUTHOR his investment funds on the outing. The demise of
his dad the next year was another enthusiastic hit to
Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul was a Nobel him. In any case, one redeeming quality in his life
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Prize-winning British author most popular for his was a young lady, Patricia Ann Hale, whom he had
disheartening novels set in agricultural nations. His met in school. She assisted him with recuperating
composing style was described by the utilization of and remakes his life. Both Hale and he moved on
basic yet solid words woven together in getting a from Oxford in 1953.
handle on accounts that mirror the dull real factors of

Poonam Devi* 2692

 Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education
Vol. 16, Issue No. 1, January-2019, ISSN 2230-7540

Career Awards & Achievements

V. S. Naipaul moved to London in 1954 and was In 1971 he won the desired Man Booker Prize for his
employed as a moderator by Henry Swanzy, the short story, 'In a Free State'.
maker of a BBC week by week program called
'Caribbean Voices'. This was low maintenance work In 1993 he was given the biennial British abstract
where he likewise composed short surveys and honor, The David Cohen Prize for Literature.
directed meetings.
V. S. Naipaul was granted the Nobel Prize in
In 1955, he composed 'Bogart', the primary story of Literature in 2001 "for having joined keen account
'Miguel Street'. He sent it to the distributing and morally sound investigation in works that force
organization André Deutsch where the proprietor, us to see the presence of smothered chronicles".
however hesitant to distribute 'Miguel Street', urged
him to compose another book. NOVEL: HOUSE OF MR. BISWAS
He immediately composed a novel, 'The Mystic A House for Mr. Biswas (1961) is viewed as the
Masseur' which was acknowledged by André Masterpiece of V.S.Naipaul. Mr. Biswas is the hero
Deutsch for distribution and Naipaul was paid £125 of the novel. The novelist portrays the battles of Mr.
for it. Distributed in 1957, the novel tells the story of a Mohun Biswas during the time spent having his own
ruined essayist who tries to turn into an effective house. The novel depends on the life of his dad. It
government official. records the battles of the East Indian outsiders in
Trinidad to turn into a piece of the public network.
He composed a travelog, 'An Area of Darkness' in The biography of Mr. Biswas shows a self-regarding
1964 in which he portrayed his outing through India individual's resistance to abuse. The ownership of
in the mid-sixties. It was the first of his acclaimed own house is his objective throughout everyday life.
Indian set of three which incorporates 'India: A It prompts outcast, dispossession and different
Wounded Civilization' and 'India: A Million Mutinies dissatisfactions. He secures a house after
Now'. problematic endeavors and still he stays uncertain in
his own house. There is swarming and frailty which
The year 1979 saw the arrival of his profoundly make the ownership of a private dwelling an ideal
acclaimed novel, 'A Bend in the River'. The book is objective for an occupant of Trinidad. The different
described by an ethnically Indian Muslim spots which Mr. Biswas meets have every one of
businessperson in an anonymous African nation. The their downsides. He needs to construct a house,
novel got basic audits and was shortlisted for the which will be a long way from the disarray of the
Booker Prize. individuals. The Hanuman House is dictator and
harsh in its treatment with others. The houses of
Much eminent for his fictions and novels, Naipaul Chase and Greenvale are agonizing weights on
was additionally well known for his works of genuine account of unsure encompassing in their
which incorporate 'Finding the Center: Two development. The Short slopes and Port of Spain
Narratives' (1984), 'A Turn in the South' (1989), structures are discouraging a result of their
'India: A Million Mutinies Now' (1990), and 'To weakening under the hands of exploitative Tulsi
excess: Islamic Excursions among the Converted family.
Peoples' (1998).
Mr. Biswas is an advanced rendition of everyman.
Major Works He has been viewed as an everyman. He is the
delegate of current man who battles hard to buy his
His novel 'In a Free State' (1971) is viewed as one of own house. His battle against an unbending social
his magnum opuses. The novel comprises of three framework makes him insubordinate. There is a bit
short stories set in three distinct nations, each of a courageous quality. Naipaul can introduce a
investigating the idea of opportunity and the value saint in the entirety of his humbleness and his
one needs to pay for it. legend protects a feeling of man's inward pride. Mr.
Biswas represents the Indian man of lower working
His novel 'A large portion of a Life' (2001), which tells class desire to have a house and to bite the dust
the story of an anecdotal character, Willie Somerset calmly under his own rooftop. The novel centers, the
Chandran, the child of a Brahmin father and a Dalit natural feeling of traveler's issue. Luckily or
mother, who moves to England and afterward Africa tragically Mr. Biswas gets caught into the racket of
obtains extensively from Naipaul's own life as the the house by wedding the most youthful of the Tulsi
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child of settler Indians. little girls, Shama. Mr. Biswas isn't care for different
children in-law who just to fill their stomaches. Mr.
Biswas was simply the man character. He doesn't
care for subjection and he rebels against Tulsidom.
The life of Mr. Biswas prompts outcast,

Poonam Devi* 2693

 Critical Analysis in the Work of V. S. Naipaul: A House for Mr. Biswas

dispossession and frustration. A House for Mr. Roman Catholic school. Both of her children wed
Biswas is only an account of ousted who attempts to Christian girls. Owad goes to England for
finish his objective of his own house throughout investigations of medications and medical procedure
everyday life. For F.G.Rohelehr^"Biswas is which is an obvious deviation from the Hindu strict
everyman, wevering among character and nothing code. Different individuals from the family are
worth mentioning, and guaranteeing his acquitance additionally under the effect of the western culture.
with the remainder of men." (F. G. Rohelehr, "The Govind splits from the family harmony and turns into
Ironic Approach, P. 1) a cabbie and lives independently. W. C. Tuttle
follows his own advantage and moves out of the
The journey for home is one of the subjects of A Tulsi House. A portion of the Sons-in-law and little
House for Mr. Biswas. Mr. Biswas needs to make his girls additionally secure their different homes. Owad
own personality by having a house. His life speaks to gets back from England totally westernized. Seth
a delicate man's battle against oppression of the splits from Mrs. Tulsi and lives independently. The
Hanuman House. He would not like to turn into a characters from Tulsi house are the results of
slave like different children in-law of Mrs. Tulsi. He composite culture and oppression. The characters
adored opportunity and needed to escape from the attempt to find out secure and safe spots. Every one
universe of Tulsidom. His opportunity was stifled in of the individuals needed to escape from Tulsi
Hanuman House. As a man of opportunity, he House. It is the feeling of the deficiency of personality
dismisses subjection and battles for his own house that constrains the characters to meander all around.
and makes his own personality. Hanuman House There is a route before them either to acclimatize in
represents an image of power and totalitarianism. Mr. the new culture or to live as an outcast and exile.
Biswas represents for independent man's aspiration Mrs. Tulsi's child's attempted to absorb in the new
for his own house. culture by wedding Christian girls.

The characters in the novel are part and packages of The idea of a 'house' is huge in the novel. It
Indian culture. While living in outsider culture they represents the otherworldly and actual safe house. It
attempt to make sure about their own Indian portrays the internal state of exiles who were the
personality. Some of them are under the effect of casualties of the blind occurrence of history. The
Trinidadian culture. They have received autocracy novelist passes on the message that there were
and some favored subjugation and Mrs. Tulsi House numerous Mr. Biswas who needed to construct their
is the best model for that. A portion of the characters own houses yet the longing to possess house
detested subjection and needed to make their own stayed fragmented. These fragmented houses
different world. Mr. Biswas as a man of Indian represent inadequate lives, deficient dreams, and
beginning needed to make his own way of life as an worthlessness. House represents personality,
Indian and he didn't care to lose it. harmony, profound haven and dependability. Mr.
Biswas claims a house and satisfies his desire. It
Mr. Naipaul himself has lost his way of life as an gives him no satisfaction and harmony in light of the
Indian and he was unable to get Trinidadian while weight of the obligation. Mr. Biswas' quest for a
living in West Indies or English in London. He lost his house is a quest for having a place. A thought of a
unique personality and couldn't get new one. Mr. house is figurative. It is the essential structure which
Biswas needed to make his own character by owing Mr. Biswas neglects to have his own in his life. It
a house in an outsider land. The 'house' is likewise represents an outcast's yearning for home. The
representative. It will give credibility and security to ostracize Hindu love for a house is represented in
Mr. Biswas. Biswas' aching for a home. As per V.S. Naipaul
"The demonstration of composing isn't just a matter
Naipaul managed the topics of exile a lot in the of self-articulation, yet additionally an instrument of
novel. While introducing these subjects, the novelist a mindfulness trying to change social reality"
has utilized self-portraying components for the
compelling introduction of life. The novelist has Various beliefs and societies have been shown in
utilized the ordinary style of the characters that the novel A House for Mr.Biswas. The vast majority
assists with building up the significant topics of the of the characters are living as an exile in the
novel. Both Indian and Trinidadian setting assume outsider land. They have changed their nations
significant function in the rise and improvement of the however it is hard to them to change the way of life.
significant topics. Naipaul says:

Tulsis are the image of old Hindu culture imported in ―At the point when (my granddad) assembled his
Trinidad by Pundit Tulsi. They speak to a huge house, he overlooked each provincial style. He may
number of Indians living in Trinidad. Mrs. Tulsi thinks have found in Trinidad and set up a substantial,
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herself as the caretaker of this culture. They perform level roofed peculiarity, whose picture I was to over
day by day Puja and petitions. The family has an and over in the little, and shaky town of Uttar
ordinary intellectual to care for these exhibitions. The Pradesh. (AAD 32)‖
western culture influences the old Indian qualities
and convictions. Mrs. Tulsi sends her two children to

Poonam Devi* 2694

 Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education
Vol. 16, Issue No. 1, January-2019, ISSN 2230-7540

The effect of unique culture is lasting and it endures Mr. Biswas ended up minimized at a beginning
until the end of time. As an essayist, Naipaul sees phase, just about a vagrant who stays an outcast in
the befuddled province of West Indian individuals: the Trinidadian culture and never finds social tone.
He battles against Tulsidom which dismisses his
V. S. Naipaul has shown the connections and independence. As indicated by Frantz Fanon, the
encounters among different societies. Naipaul soonest decolonization scholar holds in The
himself is the casualty of differed social showdowns. Wretched of the Earth that "Colonization is a
He has drawn the comparable characters, wellspring of annihilation and injury for colonized
confronting social encounters. Mr. Biswas attempts individuals who are instructed to look adversely upon
to be careful his personality and needed to make it their kin their way of life and themselves."
real by making his own house. We see the
Caribbean, Asian and English culture communicating Mr. Biswas was not ready to live as a slave in
among one another and making a composite culture Hanuman House. Mrs. Tulsi protects just the
i.e. West Indian in nature A few characters blended individuals who are meek and submissive. Mr.
in the neighborhood culture. Some have kept Biswas is more instructed than her different children
themselves separated from local people. Some are in-law. Hence, he can't get by in that environment.
headed to assimilation. While quarreling with Mr.
Biswas, Shama insults him about his neediness and ―There were daughters who had, in the Tulsi
agrees with her mother's position, marriage lottery drawn husbands with money and
positions....‖
―Walk' Shama said. You stroll until you tired. Be that
as it may, wait until you give your own food before Mr. Biswas is a man of abstract goals however he is
you begin censuring the food others give you.‖ offered a shopkeer's post at the Chase, because of
the reasons he was unable to build up his character.
Mr. Biswas starts to live with his better half in the He felt himself distanced in his house. The locals
Hanuman House with different children in-law of Mrs. consistently eluded the shop as the Tulsi shop and
Tulsi. Soon his wedded life doesn't end up being not the shop of Mr. Biswas. It was difficult treatment
fruitful. He experiences the excruciating insults and to him. He bargains himself by:
mental buildings because of the unfortunate family
climate. Shama conveys a female kid Savi and after ―Real life was to begin for them soon, and
three years, she bears a male kid Anand. Mr. Biswas elsewhere. The Chase was a pause, a preparation.‖
attempts to adjust in the Hanuman House, yet he felt
distanced and uncovered. Seth doesn't care for the He attempts to escape from the universe of Tulsis.
insults of Mr. Biswas. He thought to begin new life somewhere else by
making a house. Mr. Biswas battled hard to attest
―This was a pleasant joined family before you come. his character. He straightforwardly objected to
You better disappear before you do any more numerous Tulsi practices and approaches. He gets
naughtiness and I need to lay my hand on you.‖ only weariness and purposelessness. Subsequent
to getting agonizing encounters he understands his
Tulsis are from Indian root however they are affected situation in Tulsi house as a parasite under the
by the White bosses who represent tyranny. Tulsi's haven of Mrs. Tulsi and Seth. He treasures a
speak to the fascism of White experts regarding their thought of a house in his mind and he presents a
matters. There were two gatherings in the Hindu doll's house to Savi. When next time he goes to
culture, the proprietors and workers. Workers needed Hanuman House, Savi disclosed to him that her
opportunity and become the proprietors and for that doll's house had been broken by her mother. Mr.
they battle for the duration of their life. Mr. Biswas Biswas felt lamented that Shama destroyed the
wedded Shama, a little taught girl of Mrs. Tulsi. The house which was esteemed long in his heart. He felt
Tulsis speak to limit unyielding convictions, customs estranged by and by.
and ceremonies of Trinidad Hindu frontier society.
They are devout Hindu Brahmins who stick to Hindu In A House for Mr. Biswas, Naipaul centers on the
shows. They have a place with the Hindu blue- contention between the landowner aristocrates and
blood's family in Hindu people group. Mr. Biswas has the common laborers. Mr. Biswas is away from the
a place with the worker class as his dad left no principle social stream of Tulsi group.
property for him after his demise.
Mr. Biswas knows about his rootlessness from his
―He has no money or position. He was expected to adolescence. He carries on with a divided life from
be a Tulsi. At once he rebelled.‖ his adolescence. He goes to Pundit Jairam, at that
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point to Bhandat's rum shop and again back to his

V. S. Naipaul presents a battle of an individual who mother. Mr.Biswas is the account of a man's push to
has a place with the work class and wants to have defeat issues of Trinidad East Indian people group
his own house atleast before his passing. A House by acquiring a physical and otherworldly safe house.
represents security, sense of pride and personality.

Poonam Devi* 2695

 Critical Analysis in the Work of V. S. Naipaul: A House for Mr. Biswas

―For the next thirty five years he was to be a of appearance is investigated with regards to the
wanderer with no place he would call his own, with appearance of the Indian indentured workers in
no family except that which he has to attempt to Trinidad. As method of foundation, the principal
create out of engulfing world of Tulsis. For with his significant rush of the diasporic development is the
mother's parents dead, his father dead, his brother consequence of exemplary free enterprise. Indians
on the estates on the Felicity, Dehuti as a servant in were shipped from their countries over the oceans to
Tara's house, and himself rapidly growing away from work in the New World on the sugarcane and elastic
Bipti who, broken, became increasingly useless and estates in Trinidad, Mauritius, and Fiji from 1845-
impenetrable, it seemed to him that he was really 1917 under "another arrangement of servitude"
quite alone.‖ (Tinker) called the indenture. Vijay Mishra alludes to
this diaspora as the "old diaspora". Naipaul sees
Mr. Biswas expected strength and assurance from their appearance as far as wreck or outcast. Just in a
his marriage with Shama however he gets later book, The Enigma of Arrival is this appearance
mortification and insults in Tulsi tribe. He joins the found in more certain manners. In A House for Mr.
anonymous gathering and hesitantly assumes Biswas, the Indian indentured workers and their
inconsequential function with them. descendents can't completely show up in Trinidad as
a result of sublimated connections to their
Naipaul has made the universe of exiles in A House disappearing pasts. Appearance likewise alludes to
for Mr. Biswas. Mr. Biswas needed to make his own the introduction of the fundamental character,
character through creation his own house. It was his Biswas, who is an image of the post-indenture age
definitive point in his life. Mrs. Tulsi and family had that needs to adapt to Trinidad's assorted and
made their own personality in the multicultural destabilized world and Trinidad's entrance into the
society of Trinidad. Mr. Biswas, his dad and independent period of its set of experiences.
granddad are the Brahmins who are the adherents of
their unique culture and needed to keep alive their REFERENCES
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Poonam Devi* 2696

 Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education
Vol. 16, Issue No. 1, January-2019, ISSN 2230-7540

[9]. Young, Robert J. C. Postcolonialism: An

Historical Introduction. Malden and Oxford:
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[10]. Walunywa, Joseph (2008). "The 'Non-Native

Native' in V. S. Naipaul's A Bend in the
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Corresponding Author

Poonam Devi*

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