NSP Hep BC 2019 2023

NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN FOR VIRAL HEPATITI
NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN

FOR
HEPATITIS B AND C
2019 - 2023
Ministry of Health
Malaysia
2019
i
NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN FOR HEPATITIS B AND C
NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN

FOR HEPATITIS B AND C
MALAYSIA
2019 - 2023
Prepared by
HIV/STI/HEPATITIS C SECTOR
and
VACCINE PREVENTABLE AND
FOOD & WATERBORNE DISEASES SECTOR
Disease Control Division
Ministry of Health Malaysia
and
GASTROENTEROLOGY AND
HEPATOLOGY SERVICES
Ministry of Health Malaysia
ii
List of Figures …………………………………………………………………………….. iii

List of Tables …………………………………………………………………………….. iii
List of Annexes ……….………………………………………………………………….. iii
Acronyms and Abbreviations …………………………………………………………… iv
Foreword ……………………………………………………………………………..….. v
Executive Summary …………………………………………………………………...... vi
Chapter 1 : Introduction ……………………………………………………………... 1

1.1 Background ……………………………………………………….. 1
1.1.1 Hepatitis B in Malaysia ……………………………….. 1
1.1.2 Hepatitis C in Malaysia ……………………………….. 2
1.2 The current national policy and programmatic response ……. 4
1.2.1 Screening and testing …………………………………. 4
1.2.2 Viral hepatitis surveillance and notification …………. 5
1.2.3 Prevention ……………………………………………… 5
1.2.4 Treatment, testing and care …………………………… 6
1.2.5 Health education ……………………………………… 6
1.3 Rationale ………………………………………………………… 6
1.4 Developing the National Strategic Plan for Hepatitis B
and C 2019 - 2023 ……………………………………………….. 7
Chapter 2 : National Strategic Plan for Hepatitis B and C 2019 - 2023 ……….…. 8
2.1 Vision ……………………………………………………………… 8
2.2 Mission ……………………………………………………………. 8
2.3 Objectives …………………………………………………………. 8
2.4 Strategic targets …………………………………………………. 8
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2.5 Strategies …………………………………………………………… 9

2.5.1 Strategy 1 : Advocacy, communication and social
mobilization ………………………………………………... 9
2.5.2 Strategy 2 : Quality and coverage of prevention
programmes ………………………………………………. 10
2.5.3 Strategy 3 : Access to diagnostic treatment and care
services …………………………………………………… 12
2.5.4 Strategy 4 : Quality strategic information, monitoring,
evaluation and research ………………………………… 13
2.5.5 Strategy 5 : Capacity building and enhancement ….. 14
Chapter 3 : Coordination implementation and resources …………………………… 15
3.1 Coordination and implementation ………………………………... 15
3.2 Resources …………………………………………………………. 15
3.2.1 Financing viral hepatitis responses …………………… 15
3.2.2 Estimating the resource needed ………………………. 16
Chapter 4 : Monitoring and evaluation ……………………………………………….. 17
4.1 Indicators and targets ……………………………………………… 17
4.2 Monitoring and evaluation process ……………………………… 17
4.3 Progress monitoring ……………………………………………….. 18
4.4 Mid term review and impact evaluation …………………………. 18
4.5 Research on viral hepatitis …………………………………………18
Annexes ………………………………………………………………………………….19
Technical Team / Contributors …………………………………………………………. 46
References ………………………………………………………………………………… 47
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LIST OF FIGURES :
Figure 1 : Notification rate (per 100,000 population) of hepatitis B in Malaysia,

1990 - 2017 …………………………………………………………………. 2
Figure 2 : Number of cases and the notification rate (per 100,000 population)
of hepatitis C in Malaysia, 2003 - 2017 …………………………………… 2
Figure 3 : Projection of current and future disease burden of hepatitis C
infection in Malaysia. ……………………………………………………….. 3
Figure 4 : Projection of hepatitis c infection and its complication, Malaysia,
2014 - 2030. …………………………………………………………………. 3
LIST OF TABLES :
Table 1 : Approximate total expenditure of viral hepatitis B and C Programme,

Malaysia 2015-2017.………………………………………………………..... 16
Table 2 : Total annual resource need for viral hepatitis B and C,
Malaysia 2019-2023. …………………………………………………………. 16
LIST OF ANNEXES :
Annex 1 : National action plan for hepatitis B and C 2019 – 2023 ………………. 20
Annex 2 : Proposed annual resource need for NSPHBC ………………………….. 41
Annex 3 : Indicators For Monitoring of NSPHBC …………………………………… 42
Annex 4 : Global service coverage targets that would eliminate HBV and
HCV as public health threats, 2015–2030 ………………………………. 43
Annex 5 : Baseline estimate of the 10 core indicators for viral hepatitis,
Malaysia, 2018 (2017 Data) ………………………………………………. 44
Annex 6 : Hepatitis C : Screening And Treatment Target 2019 – 2030 ………….. 45
iii
Acronyms and
Abbreviations
CME Continuous Medical Education

DALY Disability-Adjusted Life Year
DCD Disease Control Division
EPI Expanded Programme for Immunisation
FHDD Family Health Development Division
IEC information, education, and communication
HBV hepatitis B virus
HBsAg hepatitis B surface antigen
HCC hepatocellular carcinoma
HCV hepatitis C virus
HCWs healthcare workers
MAA Malaysia Medical Association
MDD Medical Development Division
MINDEF Ministry of Defense
MOE Ministry of Education
MOH Ministry of Health
MOHA Ministry of Home Affairs
NADA National Anti-Drug Agency
NGO non-governmental organisation
NIOSH National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
NSEP needle and syringe exchange programme
NSP National Strategic Plan
NSPHBC National Strategic Plan for Hepatitis B and C
POCT point-of-care testing
PWID people who inject drugs
UKK Corporate Communication Unit (Unit Komunikasi Korporat)
iv
Foreword
First of all, I would like to congratulate the Ministry of
Health’s Disease Control Division and Gastroenterology &
Hepatology Services, as well as relevant stakeholders, for
their hard work and commitment in documenting and
publishing the National Strategic Plan for Hepatitis B and C
(NSPHBC).
Viral hepatitis remains as one of the public health concerns

in the country. It is estimated that in 1998 one million
people were chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV)1 while in 2009; 453,700
were infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV)2 . Hence, it is crucial that appropriate
measures are taken to reduce the burden of disease related to viral hepatitis. With the
current technology in expediting screening and diagnosis of the disease, as well as the
availability of effective and affordable treatment, it is not impossible to prevent and treat
viral hepatitis and even cure viral hepatitis in context of HCV infection.
The NSPHBC is a documentation of a structured and comprehensive strategy and plan

of action for the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of viral hepatitis
prevention, testing, treatment and care programmes in the country. This is in line with
the country’s commitment towards combating viral hepatitis. The NSPHBC will be a
guidance to all relevant stakeholders, from top management to implementers, in our
effort to combat viral hepatitis.
I believe and am confident that with the commitment from all stakeholders, including the
private sector, relevant government agencies and non-governmental organisations
(NGO), our goal towards eliminating viral hepatitis especially hepatitis B and C will
become reality.
(Datuk Dr Noor Hisham Abdullah)

Director General of Health
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The burden of viral hepatitis in the country has been increasing. It is estimated that
1.1%3 and 2.5%2 of the population in the country were infected with hepatitis B virus
and hepatitis C virus in 2017 and 2009, respectively. Furthermore, a high disease
burden also means more cases of complications resulting from viral hepatitis infection,
such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Viral hepatitis is generally
preventable, treatable and potentially curable. Thus, it is crucial that appropriate
intervention measures are put in place. With the latest advances in technology relating
to screening and diagnosis of the disease, as well as the availability of effective and
affordable treatment, the prevention, treatment and cure of viral hepatitis are now
possible
Malaysia has committed towards combating viral hepatitis by 2030. In working towards
achieving this commitment, a national strategic plan has been developed; the first for
the country. This National Strategic Plan for Hepatitis B and C (NSPHBC) documents a
structured and comprehensive strategy and plan of action for the planning,
implementation, monitoring and evaluation of viral hepatitis programmes and activities
in the country. The NSPHBC is intended for the use by all stakeholders at various
levels, from policy makers to implementers.
The objectives of this NSPHBC are:
 To establish and strengthen national policies for the prevention, control, diagnosis,
treatment and care of viral hepatitis B and C.
 To prevent the transmission of viral hepatitis B and C.
 To reduce the morbidity and mortality of viral hepatitis through early detection and
effective case management.
 To improve the survival and quality of life among individuals with chronic liver
disease.
 To promote partnerships with relevant stakeholders for the prevention, control,

diagnosis, treatment and care of viral hepatitis B and C.
vi
This NSPHBC outlines five key strategic areas:
Strategy 1 : Advocacy, communication and social mobilisation
Strategy 2 : Quality and coverage of prevention programmes
Strategy 3 : Access to diagnostic, treatment and care services
Strategy 4 : Quality strategic information, monitoring and evaluation, and

research
Strategy 5 : Capacity building and enhancement
The targets to be achieved by 2030 are;
 To diagnose 90% of the population living with viral hepatitis.
 To reduce the number of new cases of viral hepatitis by 90%.
 To reduce mortality due to viral hepatitis by 65%.
 To treat 90% of the population in need of treatment.
The action plan outlined to guide the implementation of activities to address the key
strategies and to achieve the targets set mainly focus on the following:
a) Promoting the awareness of viral hepatitis among healthcare providers, the general
population and high-risk groups;
b) Strengthening the professional training for viral hepatitis management;
c) Establishing a national-level steering group for the strategic planning and
governance of viral hepatitis management;
d) Upscaling the screening for viral hepatitis, especially in high-risk groups and
antenatal mothers;
e) Strengthening the current system for blood and blood product screening;
f) Sustaining the coverage for HBV vaccination;
g) Improving and upscaling the existing harm reduction programmes;
h) Expanding the coverage, ensuring the sustainability and improving the patient
adherence for hepatitis B and C treatment;
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i) Strengthening the current notification system, developing a centralised monitoring

system or patient registry, establishing a domestic laboratory network and
encouraging research activities for viral hepatitis;
j) Strengthening the collaboration with non-governmental organisations via knowledge
sharing.
The NSPHBC also outlines the proposed budget requirements for five years from 2019
to 2023. A midterm review and a second evaluation are to be carried out, in 2021 and
2023 respectively.
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
Globally, viral hepatitis is responsible for 1.45 million4 deaths every year – higher than
the 1.3 million deaths caused by HIV/AIDS and 1.4 million deaths caused by
tuberculosis5. Viral hepatitis is the seventh most common cause of mortality4, and of all
the viral hepatitis-related deaths, approximately 48% are attributable to HBV and HCV4,
respectively. HBV and HCV infections share the same transmission routes, particularly
unsafe injection practices, sexual transmission and mother-child transmission. It is
estimated that 39% of the global mortality related to hepatitis occurred in the Western
Pacific Region6. The complications of chronic hepatitis B and C infections – cirrhosis
(end-stage liver fibrosis) and liver cancer – are responsible for 94% of the deaths
associated with hepatitis infections in the region6.
In Malaysia, viral hepatitis, most commonly hepatitis A, B and C poses a public health
concern. In 2010, the notification of viral hepatitis was made mandatory under the First
Schedule of Control and Prevention of Communicable Disease Act 1988 7. Liver
diseases, including both cirrhosis and liver cancer, were also reported to be the sixth
most common cause of deaths in Malaysia between 2013 and 2015. In 2010, the
notification of viral hepatitis was made mandatory under the First Schedule of Control
and Prevention of Communicable Disease Act 1988.
1.1.1 HEPATITIS B IN MALAYSIA
The incidence rate of hepatitis B has since increased from 2.26 per 100,000 in 20108 to
12.65 per 100,000 population in 20159.
Up till 2017, 35,861 cases of hepatitis B had been notified to the Ministry of Health
(MOH)10. The incidence rate of hepatitis B was reported to have increased from 2.26
per 100,000 in 20108 to 12.65 per 100,000 population in 2015 9 (Figure 1). Most of the
hepatitis B patients were born in the pre-vaccination era, with approximately 45% to
50% of them aged between 20 to 40 years. Males outnumbered females with a ratio of
3:1. More than 50% of them were Malay. Most of hepatitis B patients also had a history
of intravenous drug use10.
1
Figure 1: Notification rate (per 100,000 population) of hepatitis B in Malaysia,

1990 – 2017
25 23.31
Foreign Workers
Screening Initiated Foreign Workers not
20 taken as country's
incidence & only
acute local cases
Notification of
15
both acute & 12.94 12.59
chronic
12.6
10
0
2001
2002
2008
1991
2000
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2009
1990
1993
1995
1992
1994
1997
1996
1998
1999
2011
2012
2013
2015
2016
2010
2014
2017
Source: Ministry of Health11
1.1.2 HEPATITIS C IN MALAYSIA
A total of 23,112 hepatitis C cases had been notified to the MOH between 2003 and
201710. The notification rate peaked in 2016 at 11.0 per 100,000, and slightly reduced to
9.54 per 100,000 in the following year (Figure 2)11. It was also reported that the
incidence of hepatitis C had increased from 2.56 per 100,000 in 20108 to 6.91 per
100,000 population in 20159. Similar in males and females, slightly more than 50% of
the patients were aged between 26 and 45 years. More than 80% of the patients were
of Malay ethnicity. Most patients (72%) were diagnosed with hepatitis C at hospitals
when seeking treatment for symptoms, while less than 30% of the patients were
diagnosed at health clinics10.
Figure 2: Number of cases and notification rate (per 100,000 population) of

hepatitis C in Malaysia, 2003 – 2017
Notification rate
Reported HCV cases HCV epidemic based on surveillance system
per 100,000 population
3500 12
11.0
HCV
3000
HCV Notification rate 10
9.54
2500
8
7.3
2000 6.77
5.91 6.91 6
1500 5.19
4.37
3.81 4
1000 3.71 3.67
3.35
2.74 2.56
2.08 2
500
0 0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Source: Ministry of Health11

2
A 2014 modelling study by McDonald et al. estimated that in 2009, 2.5% of the adult
population in Malaysia were anti-HCV positive (95% CrI: 2.2-3.0%), of whom 59% (95%
CrI: 50-68%) acquired their infection through injecting drugs12. The burden of liver
disease due to viral hepatitis was also projected to continue to rise, as shown in the
Figure 4.
Figure 3: Projection of current and future disease burden of hepatitis C infection in

Malaysia.
Source: McDonald et al
Figure 4: Projections of hepatitis C infection and its complication, Malaysia,

2014 - 2030.
Total Infected Cases (Viremic) - Malaysia Liver related Deaths - Malaysia

450,000 3,500
400,000 3,000
350,000
2,500
300,000
250,000 2,000
200,000 1,500
150,000
1,000
100,000
50,000 500
- -
Base Base
HCC - Malaysia Decompensated Cirrhosis - Malaysia

4,000 7,000
3,500 6,000
3,000 5,000
2,500
4,000
2,000
3,000
1,500
1,000 2,000
500 1,000
- -
Base Base
Source: Razavie at al,
3
Without a coordinated response to the hepatitis epidemic, the burden of viral hepatitis in
the country will likely to continue to increase. Based on modelled projections, it is
anticipated that the number of chronic hepatitis C will continue to rise to reach 523,500
in 2039 if preventive, control, treatment and care measures are not enhanced. The
disease burden is predicted to increase to 94,900 DALYs/year of which 47% is from
premature mortality. At the same time, it is anticipated that 2,002 (95% CrI: 1,340–
3,040) patients with hepatitis C will progress to decompensated cirrhosis while 540 (95%
CrI: 251–1030) will develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 2039. These
complications will incur greater costs for treatment and care13.
1.2 THE CURRENT NATIONAL POLICY AND PROGRAMMATIC RESPONSE
1.2.1 SCREENING AND TESTING
Hepatitis B and hepatitis C screening have been mainly performed at hospitals and at
central and regional laboratories (except for the screening performed for blood donors
and foreign workers). With the availability rapid diagnostic tools as well as viral load
machines for point-of-care testing (POCT), decentralization of screening for viral
hepatitis is possible in the future. Currently, apart from those with signs and symptoms,
the following high-risk groups are the main target of screening:
i. Blood Donors
All blood donations are screened for HBV and HCV. The screening for hepatitis B
surface antigen (HBsAg) among blood donors was started in 1974, while anti-
HCV screening was started in 1992 at the Blood Services Centre of the Hospital
Kuala Lumpur14, which was then expanded nationwide in 1994. In 2016, Hepatitis
B surface antigen (HbsAg) and hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV) were detected in
0.13% and 0.04% of the blood donors10.
ii. Healthcare workers (HCWs)
The Occupational Health Unit in the MOH reported an incidence rate of 4.7
needlestick injuries per 1,000 HCWs in 200515. HCWs with needlestick injuries
have been screened for both HBV and HCV and treated accordingly. A guideline
was also developed to ensure standardised treatment and post-exposure
management for these cases.
4
iii. People who inject drugs (PWID) participating in harm reduction

programmes
PWID receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) have been screened

for HBV and HCV. In 2017, the percentage of HBV- and HCV-infected PWID
receiving MMT was reported to be 2.9% and 18.6%, respectively10. PWID who
were enrolled in the needle- and syringe-exchange programme (NSEP) are also
advised to receive not only HIV screening but also HBV and HCV screening as of
2017.
iv. Foreign workers
HBV screening was first introduced in the Foreign Workers’ Medical Examination
(FONEMA) in 1998. Foreign workers with a reactive HBsAg test result are not to
be allowed to work in the country. In 2017, 0.3% of foreign workers were found to
have a reactive HBsAg test result10.
With the availability rapid diagnostic tools as well as viral load machines for point-of-
care testing (POCT), decentralization of screening for viral hepatitis is possible in the
future.
1.2.2 VIRAL HEPATITIS SURVEILLANCE AND NOTIFICATION
Viral hepatitis is a notifiable disease under the Prevention and Control of Infectious
Diseases Act 1988 (Act 342)7. An online notification system known as e- Notification
has long been used to gather information about all types of acute and chronic viral
hepatitis, including hepatitis B and C. However, the current notification system does not
capture the risk factors of infections, treatment outcomes, disease progression and
survival.
1.2.3 PREVENTION
i. Hepatitis B vaccination
The hepatitis B vaccination program for infants was introduced in 1989. The three
doses vaccination are, respectively, given at birth (within 24 hours of birth), one
month and six months of age. A seroprevalence study showed that the
prevalence of HbsAg in children born after the implementation of the program
was lower than those born before the implementation of the program (0.3%
versus 1.7-1.8%)16.
5
Hepatitis B vaccination has also been given to HCWs, who actively manage
patients or their clinical specimens, since 19892.
ii. Harm reduction programmes
The MMT and the NSEP were launched by the MOH in 2005/2006 in partnership
with non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and private health practitioners.
They are mainly funded by the Malaysian government, with technical assistance
provided by WHO, UNAIDS and UNODC. The proportion of anti-HCV positive
MMT patients had decreased from 52.8% in 2006 and to 18.6% in 2017 10. In
2015, the distribution of 58 needles and syringes per person was recorded 10.
1.2.4 TREATMENT, TESTING AND CARE
Treatment and clinical monitoring are mainly performed by gastroenterologists and

hepatologists in hospitals. Patients are required to undergo an assessment prior to and
during the therapy. Confirmatory testing and monitoring such as anti-HBV and HBeAg
tests, HCV RNA and genotyping have been conducted by hospital-based laboratories or
other designated regional laboratories.
The availability of direct acting antiviral (DAA) drugs, specifically sofosbuvir at an

affordable price in Malaysia since September 2017 has provided hope in curing more
HCV infection cases in the near future. A drug combination of sofosbuvir and ravidasvir
has been shown to be safe and effective with an extremely high cure rate of 97%17.
1.2.5 HEALTH EDUCATION
Since 2008, MOH has been encouraging the screening for hepatitis B and C in the
general public and vaccination for those found to be HBsAg negative. The public
education about viral hepatitis was further strengthened with the introduction of World
Hepatitis Day, which has been celebrated on 28 July each year since 2011. Health
education materials for viral hepatitis are also made available at www.myhealth.gov.my.
Nevertheless, to date, the awareness of viral hepatitis is still limited in Malaysia.
1.3 RATIONALE
The Government of Malaysia is concerned by the increasing trend of viral hepatitis in

the country. It is crucial that Malaysia has its National Strategic Plan (NSP) for viral
hepatitis, to align the country’s efforts to combat viral hepatitis by 2030 with its
commitment towards the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), (Item 3.3: By 2030,
6
end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and
combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases).
The National Strategic Plan for Hepatitis B and C (NSPHBC), which is the first for the
country, is to be used as a guide for programme implementers and stakeholders. It
outlines the strategies and plan of actions, as well as the overall financial requirements.
This structured plan also optimises the existing programme on viral hepatitis and
resources, working in smart partnership and implementing cost-sharing models with
relevant stakeholders.
1.4 DEVELOPING THE NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN FOR HEPATITIS B AND C

2019 - 2023
The national strategic plan for viral hepatitis cover the period of 2019 – 2023.
A technical working group of experts from various backgrounds, government and non-
government, was involved in the developing the NSPHBC. The process was initiated
since mid-2014, through a series of meetings, consultations and workshops. These
were convened i) to discuss, identify and recommend priority issues in combating viral
hepatitis; ii) to identify challenges, gaps and needs for capacity building and financial
inputs; and iii) to discuss and recommend indicators for the monitoring and evaluation of
the plan for the period of 2019 - 2023.
An action plan was developed to facilitate the implementation at all levels. The costing
and budgeting for the implementation of the action plan was conducted on 17th – 20th
January 2017 and reviewed on 8th – 12th August 2018 to ensure that the costs of the
proposed interventions and activities in the NSPHBC were properly estimated.
The NSPHBC was endorsed on 22nd July 2019 and this document can be accessed
online through the MOH website.
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CHAPTER 2: NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN FOR HEPATITIS B

AND C 2019 – 2023
2.1 VISION
To prevent and control hepatitis B and C, towards their elimination.
2.2 MISSION
To decrease the transmission of viral hepatitis, limit the complications and to

reduce the socioeconomic impact of viral hepatitis in Malaysia.
2.3 OBJECTIVES
2.3.1 To establish and strengthen national policies for the prevention, control,
diagnosis, treatment and care of viral hepatitis.
2.3.2 To prevent the transmission of viral hepatitis.
2.3.3 To reduce the morbidity and mortality of viral hepatitis through early
detection and case management.
2.3.4 To improve the survival and quality of life among individuals with chronic
liver disease.
2.3.5 To promote partnerships with relevant stakeholders for the prevention,

control, diagnosis, treatment and care of viral hepatitis B and C.
2.4 STRATEGIC TARGETS
While this NSPHBC document and the accompanying action plan are for the time frame
2019-2023, the overall strategic targets are set for 2030, to be in line with the WHO
target of combating hepatitis B and C to reach elimination by 203018.
8
The targets of NSPHBC to be achieved by 2030 are;
2.4.1 To diagnose 90% of the population living with viral hepatitis.
2.4.2 To reduce the number of new cases of viral hepatitis by 90%.
2.4.3 To reduce mortality due to viral hepatitis by 65%.
2.4.4 To treat 90% of the population in need of treatment.
2.5 STRATEGIES
There are five main strategies to be undertaken under this plan, namely:
Strategy 1 : Advocacy, communication and social mobilisation
Strategy 3 : Access to diagnostic, treatment and care services
Strategy 4 : Quality strategic information, monitoring and evaluation, and

research
Strategy 5 : Capacity building and enhancement
2.5.1 STRATEGY 1: ADVOCACY, COMMUNICATION AND SOCIAL MOBILISATION
The National Strategic Plan for Hepatitis B and C (NSPHBC) will focus on empowering
healthcare providers and communities on viral hepatitis, thus decreasing their ignorance
about the matter. To increase public and healthcare provider awareness, education and
training campaigns on viral hepatitis will be conducted, including building awareness
among public health policy and decision makers. In order to achieve success in
responding to viral hepatitis, communities, healthcare providers and policymakers must
be aware of the extent of the hepatitis epidemic in the country and within various
communities, and its health consequences, including related liver disease.
Key activities:
i. Promote and strengthen viral hepatitis education and awareness among

healthcare professionals and providers.
9
ii. Promote and strengthen viral hepatitis awareness among the community and
the general public.
iii. Promote and strengthen viral hepatitis awareness among targeted populations,
including those at high risk of infection and/or the serious consequences of viral
hepatitis infection, especially hepatitis B and C.
iv. Address stigma and discrimination in the awareness and communications

strategy. Awareness building should be appropriate to the targeted population
and avoid reinforcing stigma and discrimination.
v. Affected groups or those at risk of infection should be recognised and invited to

actively participate in viral hepatitis management development processes,
whenever necessary.
vi. Integrate viral hepatitis prevention and treatment into healthcare professionals’
training curricula to promote the development of a hepatitis literate workforce.
vii. Recognise and carry out hepatitis-related activities on World Hepatitis Day and
beyond.
2.5.2 STRATEGY 2: QUALITY AND COVERAGE OF PREVENTION PROGRAMMES
The NSPHBC will focus on the effort to curb viral hepatitis transmission by improving
the quality and coverage of prevention activities. The strategy will address three primary
prevention efforts namely screening, vaccination and harm reduction.
a) Strategy 2.1: Strengthening screening for viral hepatitis
Individual or targeted populations, who are at high risk for viral hepatitis infection
specifically HBV and HCV must be screened. In Malaysia, these include people who
inject drugs (PWID), prisoners (during incarceration and post-release), sub-populations
among non-Malaysian citizens, and men who have sex with men (MSM), among others.
The availability of highly performance and rapid diagnostic kits such as those for HCV at
a reasonable cost must be considered for better screening coverage.
Key activities:
i. Promote and strengthen viral hepatitis screening for individuals/groups who are
at high risk of infection.
ii. Establish HBsAg screening of pregnant women at their initial prenatal visit.
10
iii. Expand viral hepatitis screening to primary healthcare with the availability of
POCT tools/rapid diagnostic kits.
iv. Ensure safe blood supply by strengthening national blood/blood product

screening for HBV and HCV.
v. Support the implementation of the WHO Global Strategic Plan (2008 – 2015) for
Universal Access to safe blood transfusion.
b) Strategy 2.2: Hepatitis B prevention through vaccination
The NSPHBC will strengthen and improve hepatitis B immunisation services.
Key activities:
i. Vaccination of infants
a) Strengthening of routine immunisation services to achieve and sustain at

least 95% coverage with three doses of hepatitis B vaccine by one year of
age in each birth cohort at the national level, and at least 85% coverage in
each district. Focus efforts on poor performing districts and high prevalence
groups, identified through improved data collection, mapping and regular
analysis of subnational/district-level surveillance data.
b) Delivery of a timely birth dose (within 24 hours of birth), with a target of

reaching at least 95% of births at the national level and at least 85%
coverage in each district.
c) Coordination with the maternal and child health programme to improve

access to immunisation including vaccination coverage to include births
outside of health facilities.
 ‘Reaching every district’ (RED) strategy.
 Novel strategies to increase birth dose coverage, including:
- Promoting the appropriate use of controlled temperature chain (CTC)
for hepatitis B vaccine to increase birth dose coverage with home
deliveries.
- Work closely with PMTCT initiatives in HIV and STIs programme.
ii. Immunisation of high-risk population groups including HCWs and frequent

recipients of blood/ plasma transfusions.
iii. Management of vaccine supply and quality.
a. Elimination of vaccine stock-outs at the national and district levels through

improved training in vaccine management.
11
b. Prevention of vaccine freezing through improved training in temperature

monitoring.
c. Promotion of the use of controlled temperature chain for the delivery of

hepatitis B birth dose vaccine.
c) Strategy 2.3: Improving quality and coverage of harm reduction

programmes
This strategy goes in line with strategy 2.1 of the National Strategic Plan on Ending
AIDS 2016-2030. The harm reduction programmes will be intensified to prevent and
control viral hepatitis infection as well as HIV among PWID.
Key activities:
i. Sustaining and scaling up the harm reduction programme, which consist of

NSEP and methadone therapy.
ii. Intensify targeted behaviour change initiatives for male and female PWID,
emphasising on risk reduction and safer sexual behaviours. Develop innovative
approaches to attract women who use drugs or are partners of people who use
drugs to address sexual transmission and sexual health.
iii. Review and revise as appropriate the package of services offered to

programme beneficiaries, to include hepatitis screening, sexual and
reproductive health services, opioid substitution therapy and community-based
TB.
2.5.3 STRATEGY 3: ACCESS TO DIAGNOSTIC, TREATMENT AND CARE

SERVICES
The NSPHBC will strengthen and improve access to diagnostic, treatment and care of
viral hepatitis.
Key activities:
i. Improve coverage and early access to and quality of viral hepatitis testing, care
and treatment.
ii. Integration of viral hepatitis management (testing, treatment and care) at

primary healthcare centres.
12
iii. Improve adherence to treatment and detection of treatment failure.
iv. Develop guidelines on testing, treatment and care.
v. Aim for the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B through the

universal screening, and if necessary, treatment, of antenatal mothers. This will
be initially implemented as a pilot programme in selected states, and upon
review, rolled out nationwide.
2.5.4 STRATEGY 4: QUALITY STRATEGIC INFORMATION, MONITORING AND

EVALUATION, AND RESEARCH
The NSPHBC will focus in improving the availability of research and surveillance data,
and analysis of monitoring and evaluation of viral hepatitis programme to guide and
determine policy and programme frameworks for prevention, treatment, care and
support.
Key activities:
i. Develop a monitoring and evaluation framework that complements the

strategies and targets of this NSPHCB, including indicators and baseline
assessment.
ii. Strengthen viral hepatitis case notification to the District Health Office or
into e-Notification system.
iii. Increase the completeness of viral hepatitis cases investigation, including

all appropriate public health and epidemiologic active case-finding and
cases follow-up.
iv. Develop a viral hepatitis registry, which include the epidemiology, testing,
treatment and outcome monitoring components.
v. Produce and disseminate viral hepatitis epidemiological reports to

healthcare providers, policy-makers and other interested parties.
vi. Review case definition for viral hepatitis and adapt WHO viral hepatitis
surveillance guidelines to make it comparable between countries.
vii. Develop a domestic laboratory network for viral hepatitis, linked to a

regional laboratory network.
13
viii. Adopt standardised testing algorithms for viral hepatitis surveillance, blood
safety and diagnosis.
ix. Promote and support research and partnerships in viral hepatitis in order to
move towards evidence-based response.
2.5.5 STRATEGY 5: CAPACITY BUILDING AND ENHANCEMENT
The NSPHBC will focus on improving the knowledge and skills of healthcare providers
in the prevention and control as well as testing, treatment and care of viral hepatitis.
Key activities:
i. Ensure adequate number and training of HCWs to manage viral hepatitis.
ii. Strengthen the capacity of staff in viral hepatitis management (prevention,

testing, treatment and care).
iii. Improve knowledge of non-government organisations on viral hepatitis to

ensure adequate and correct dissemination of information on viral hepatitis to
the community.
iv. Encourage task-shifting and the decentralisation of service provision through

the empowerment of, and collaboration and strategic partnership with NGOs,
the community and related industries.
14
CHAPTER 3: COORDINATION, IMPLEMENTATION AND

RESOURCES
3.1. COORDINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION
It is necessary to ensure that the implementation of the National Strategic Plan for
Hepatitis B and C (NSPHBC) is structured and managed accordingly to facilitate the
participation and involvement of relevant stakeholders from the government, civil
society, the private sector and development partners, and to achieve the intended
results from the many interventions.
The prevention component of viral hepatitis will be coordinated by the Disease Control
Division, specifically Vaccine Preventable Diseases & Food Water Borne Diseases
Sector (VPD/FWBD) and HIV/AIDS/Hepatitis C Sector. Diagnostic, treatment and care
components of viral hepatitis will be coordinated by the Gastroenterology and
Hepatology Services and Pathology Services. The HIV/STI/Hepatitis C Sector will act as
the NSPHBC secretariat.
3.2. RESOURCES
Over the next five years, it will be important to advocate for sustained domestic
commitment to fund the national response to viral hepatitis. Resource allocations will
need to be aligned to the priority areas and programmes identified in the National
Strategic Plan for Hepatitis B and C (NSPHBC) and National Action Plan on Viral
Hepatitis.
The respective programme/division/sector/stakeholder is responsible in ensuring

planned activities can be implemented within the existing current budget. Should there
is a need for additional budget, programme/division/sector is responsible to submit a
financial budget proposal to the Finance Division for approval.
The responsible programme/division/sector will need to track the variety and amount of
resources allocated to the NSPHBC in which will provide crucial information on whether
the existing allocation of funding is aligned with agreed national priorities.
3.2.1 FINANCING VIRAL HEPATITIS RESPONSES
Information on the expenditures of past programmes/activities were collected by

reviewing the financial reports for each activities.
15
Table 1: Approximate Total Expenditure (RM) of Viral Hepatitis B and C Programme,

Malaysia 2015-2017
HCV HBV Total Viral Hepatitis

Year
Treatment Treatment Treatment
Prevention Prevention Prevention
and Care and Care and Care
2015 36,075,010.73 7,003,983.03 5,265,084.21 13,345,443.64 41,340,094.93 20,349,426.67
2016 37,052,003.89 4,749,746.01 4,449,974.53 18,503,194.77 41,501,978.42 23,252,940.77
2017 25,712,062.69 5,626,569.75 4,382,244.42 14,787,494.85 30,094,307.11 20,414,064.60
3.2.2 ESTIMATING THE RESOURCES NEEDED
The resources required to achieve the NSPHBC coverage and impact goals need to be
calculated from estimates of the numbers of people receiving each services and the
costs per person. Service estimates are based on the population in need of the service
or programme and the coverage level to be achieved. Coverage is assumed to increase
from the baseline levels to the planned targets by 2023. The unit costs for these
services are based on existing interventions currently being implemented by agencies
and organisations.
Table 2: Proposed Annual Resource Need for Viral Hepatitis B and C,

Malaysia 2019 – 2023
Diagnostic,
Prevention Total
Year Treatment & Care
(RM) (RM)
(RM)
2019 4,555,000.00 22,710,000.00 27,265,000.00
2020 4,830,000.00 30,787,500.00 35,617,500.00
2021 6,639,720.00 52,972,320.00 59,612,040.00
2022 6,969,000.00 67,970,368.00 74,939,368.00
2023 6,869,000.00 87,869,228.00 94,738,228.00
Total 29,862,720.00 262,309,416.00 292,172,136.00
An estimated RM 292,172,136.00 is needed for the implementation of NSPHBC for the

five-year period from 2019 - 2023 The annual resources needed for each activity is as in
Annex 2, based on the action plan outlined in Annex 1.
16
CHAPTER 4: MONITORING AND EVALUATION
The implementation of the National Strategic Plan for Hepatitis B and C (NSPHBC) will
be monitored and evaluated through the national viral hepatitis monitoring and
evaluation framework, which is coordinated by the HIV/STI/Hepatitis C Sector.
Information gathered from national monitoring and evaluation of viral hepatitis

programme will be used to:
a) Ensure viral hepatitis prevention programmes achieve high levels of

accountability and efficiency.
b) Inform and help determine whether programme up scaling or expansion is
required.
c) Allow corrective or remedial actions to be taken.
d) Provide information and data, which is beneficial for the implementation of the
programme, and serve as input for the design of future programmes.
e) For the purpose of reporting on international commitments.
Expected results and targets will be monitored and evaluated periodically.
4.1 INDICATORS AND TARGETS
To monitor the NSPHBC, the indicators for measuring programme coverage targets
have been selected to get consistent and accurate information on programme
performance and outcomes, which ensure access to high quality prevention, treatment,
care and support services. The indicators are as listed in Annex 3.
4.2 MONITORING AND EVALUATION PROCESS
Monitoring and evaluation will utilise a process that is able to capture and evaluate
various levels of programme implementation from measures of input, activities, output
and impact. All stakeholders involved in the response to viral hepatitis in Malaysia are
contributors to the various indicators and are equally responsible to ensure that they are
regularly monitored.
The respective programme/division/sector is given the responsibility to monitor and

evaluate the viral hepatitis framework.
17
4.3 PROGRESS MONITORING
Progress monitoring and evaluation are conducted at both state and national levels
involving all relevant stakeholders. The intention of the performance reviews will be to
evaluate progress based on coverage, effectiveness, relevance and sustainability of the
programmes. The state level viral hepatitis programme review will be conducted every
six months with the respective State Officers and the State Health Department taking
the lead.
The NSPHBC secretariat will coordinate the progress monitoring at the national level.
The viral hepatitis programme performance will be presented and reviewed by a
proposed National Steering Committee on Viral Hepatitis chaired by the Director-
General of Health Malaysia.
4.4 MID TERM REVIEWS AND IMPACT EVALUATION
An interim evaluation will take place in 2021, together with the midterm review. It will
recommend corrective action and adjustments to the NSPHBC if necessary. The
second evaluation will take place in 2023. These evaluations will assess the results in
the achievement of targets, analysing the available data to verify outcome and impact in
comparison with baseline values for core indicators. These evaluations will not only
assess effectiveness of individual programmes and of the overall national response, but
will take into consideration the quality and efficiency of programmes and interventions.
4.5 RESEARCH ON VIRAL HEPATITIS
Monitoring and evaluation of the NSPHBC will also require data collected through
research, including regular surveys. Research complements monitoring and evaluation
by building a knowledge base which will guide the national response. Thematic
research will be conducted to better understand underlying causes, dynamics and
impacts of the epidemic, such as epidemiological trends, new and emerging areas of
concern and a better understanding of vulnerability and long-term consequences of the
epidemic.
18
ANNEXES
19
VIRAL EPATITI
Annex 1
NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR NSP HEPATITIS B AND C 2019 – 2023
No. Key Activities Key Stakeholders Programmatic Target Remarks
Strategy 1 : Advocacy, Communication And Social Mobilisation
i. Promote and strengthen viral hepatitis  Ministry of Health (MOH)  Continuous Medical CME and course/training are
education and awareness among healthcare Education (CME) at all ongoing activities at state and
 Ministry of Education (MoE)
professionals and providers. levels district level
 Ministry of Defence
(MINDEF)  Course on viral hepatitis –
at least once in services
 Ministry of Home Affairs
(MoHA) - prison/NADA
 Private sector (Malaysian
Primary Care
Network/MMA/Association
of Private Hospitals)
20
ii. Promote and strengthen viral hepatitis  MOH (HECC, DCD, FHDD,  Conventional Last IEC material : 2016 as
awareness among general population UKK, MDD) (radio/TV/paper/IEC part of immunization
 Ministry of Communication & material) programme
Multimedia (KKMM)  Media social (facebook,
 NGO instagram, twitter, dll)
 Pharmaceutical companies
 Private sector
iii. Promote and strengthen viral hepatitis

awareness among targeted populations,
including those at high risk for infection and /
or the serious consequences of viral hepatitis
infection especially hepatitis B and C.
a) Health education and promotion on viral  MOH  Outreach activities Ongoing programme (harm
hepatitis during outreach activities for  Malaysia AIDS Council  Referral for hepatitis reduction)
targeted / high risk population (PWID, (MAC) NGO – Pengasih, screening Ongoing budget : RM 7million
MSM, FSW, TG – integration of harm /year for harm reduction / HIV
PEMADAM
reduction programme) prevention
 MoHA
Last : Training on Hep C for
outreach worker : RM150,000
b) Health education and promotion on viral  MH Health talk and antenatal Ongoing antenatal activities
hepatitis during antenatal visit (pregnant  MoE counselling
mothers)
 MINDEF
 Private sector
21
c) Health education and promotion on viral MoHA (prison/ NADA)  Incorporate Hepatitis Health information and
hepatitis for incarcerated population information during health education on HIV & TB was
(prisoner, inmate in rehabilitation center, examination. given during health
NADA)  Health talk session (at least examination. (to include Hep
once / year) during the session)
iv. Integrate viral hepatitis prevention and  MOH Health professional training Hepatitis is part of medical &
treatment into health professional training curricula paramedical course
 MoE
curricula to promote the development of a
hepatitis literate workforce.  MINDEF
Eg. Medical nursing 3 (GIT)
 Private sector (including
universities and colleges)
v. Recognize and carry out hepatitis activities  MOH Annual event  Since 2010
on World Hepatitis Day (WHD)
 KKMM  2016 – 2017 :
 NGO  media campaign on
 Pharmaceutical companies immunisation
 Private sector  world hep day in small

scale (banner, exhibition)
 2017 – Hosp Selayang
marathon on World
Hepatitis Day
 TV/Radio talk : free
22
vi. To assess awareness on hepatitis  MOH  Pre & post evaluation on No evaluation
 NGO hepatitis awareness
(public / HC provider / high
risk population)
 Integrate knowledge
assessment on viral
hepatitis among PWID in
IBBS
vii. To assess awareness on hepatitis among  Institut Penyelidikan  KAP study in 2022 and
public (mass study KAP) Tingkahlaku (IPTK) KIV every 5 years
 HECC
 DCD
viii. Establish national-level Steering Group (or its  MOH  To establish in 2019/2020
equivalent) responsible for setting the high-
 Academia
level strategic direction, funding, oversight
and governance of the national plan and  Private sector
programme.  NGO
A) Strategy 2.1 : Strengthening Screening for Viral Hepatitis
i. Promote and strengthen viral hepatitis B

screening for individual / group who are at
high risk of infection
a) To develop policy and guideline on  MOH To develop national policy  Currently, Hep B
hepatitis B screening  MMA and guidelines by 2020 screening are done for
 National Policy on Hep B high risk group HCW
 MoHA (Govt)
Screening for all high risk
 NGO
23
employees and individuals

 National Policy for  To date there is no
Universal HBsAg national policy on Hep B
Screening for Antenatal screening for all high risk
mothers at initial prenatal employees and
visit. individuals.
 Guidelines Of National  Currently, there is policy
Policy on Hep B Screening on Hep B and C screening
for all high risk employees for high risk population
and individuals (PWID) in harm reduction
 Guidelines for Universal Programmes.
HBsAg Screening for
Antenatal mothers at initial
prenatal visit.
 Guideline of PMTCT of
Hep B
b) PMTCT of Hepatitis B – to expand and  MOH  Programme Targets : Currently only Sabah does
implement Hep B screening among  MoE - antenatal hep B antenatal screening.
antenatal mothers screening : ≥ 95% 1. %antenatal mothers
 MINDEF
 Strengthening PMTCT Hep B in - Birth dose Hep B screened
Sabah  MMA
vaccination coverage : 2. % seropositive (HBsAg)
 Pilot PMTCT Hepatitis B at 4 states ≥ 95% among antenatal mothers
initiated in 2019 (Pahang, Kelantan, - 3rd-dose Hep B 3. (KIV) % antenatal
Pahang, Kedah) vaccination coverage : mothers treated
≥ 95% 4. % MTCT HBV
 Impact Target :
Prevalence of HBsAg
among children : ≤ 0.1%
 To expand to all state by
2021
24
ii. Promote and strengthen viral hepatitis C  MOH Target for HCV screening;  Screening for HCV are
screening for individual / group who are at  NGO/CSO Year Target been carried out at
high risk of infection  2019 15,000 hospital setting
 MoHA (NADA, Prison
Department)  2020 20,000
 2021 25,000
 2022 35,000
 2023 45,000
iii. To make the availability of POCT tools/rapid  MOH (DCD, IMR, NPHL) Percentage of healthcare  RDT HCV and HBV are
diagnostic kits in primary health care facilities that are able to offer currently available in the
 MDA
facilities screening using POCT market.
 50% of health facilities by  Two (2) RDT HCV are
2023 certified by IMR
 100% of health facilities by  Majority RDT are still
2030 awaiting registration by
MDA
iv. Ensure safe blood supply by strengthening
national blood / blood product screening for
HBV and HCV.
a) Strengthening national blood / blood  MOH 100% of donors blood  Currently PDN already
product screening for HBV and HCV by - National Blood Centres screened by using NAT By ensures safe blood supply
using NAT. (NBC) 2023 by implementing serology
and NAT testing.
2020/2021 (upon approval  However NAT testing still
from MOH) not implemented in
Terengganu, Penang,
Perak, Sabah and
Sarawak.
 Currently the NAT service
cover only 60%.
25
b) Consolidation of the 13 screening  MOH (NBC) Four (4) screening centres  Maintaining 13 screening
centres (Transfusion Microbiology proposed : centres will more
Laboratory-TML) into 4 screening i. TML, NBC expensive in terms of
centres in order the increase good manpower needed, and
quality management system and reduce ii. TML in one of the difficult to monitor the
the cost of manpower and other Northern Region. standard of quality each
requirements. iii. TML in Sabah screening centres.
iv. TML in Sarawak  Currently: NEQAP HBV
and HCV
 Participants: 40 hospitals
and screening centres
 Cost for 2 cycles/year :
RM19K (not including
transportation cost)
 Transportations cost (via
courier service): RM3000-
RM4000/cycle
c) Strengthen the TML Makmal Rujukan  MOH (NBC) Strengthen MRK act as a MRK lab function are:
Kebangsaan (MRK) in PDN. MRK act as National Reference a) To do confirmatory testing
a National Reference Laboratory (NRL) Laboratory (NRL) for on screening Reactive
for screening centres (blood / blood screening centres donations or donors.
product)
b) To evaluate and select
assays systems and
equipment for blood donor
screening and
confirmatory testing
c) As an organisation of
External Quality
Assessment Scheme for
Transfusion Microbiology
26
Lab/ screening centres:

 As for now, TML NBC
will do the NEQAP for
Hep B and Hep C
(participants- 40
hospitals including 13
screening centres).
 TML NBC and other
institutions can provide
the samples, but NBC
will maintain as EQA
provider for HBV and
HCV for screening
centres only (and in the
future, HIV and
Syphilis) and other
institutions might cover
the rest of microbiology
iii. Support the implementation of the WHO  MOH (NBC) Continuous Implementation MOH already implement
Global Strategic Plan (2008 – 2015) for WHO Global Strategic Plan
Universal Access to safe blood transfusion. (2008 – 2015) for Universal
Access to safe blood
transfusion.
B) Strategy 2.2 : Hepatitis B Prevention Through Vaccination
i. Strengthening of immunization services to  MOH (FHDD, DCD) Coverage of 3 doses of Hep B Coverage in 2015 : 98.6%
achieve and sustain at least 95% national  MOH (all health clinic and vaccination : Hep B immunization
coverage. hospital)  2020 : ≥95% coverage for dose two and
 2030 : ≥95% three are more than 95% for
 Private health facilities
the past 5 years.
27
ii. Strengthen the implementation of Hep B  MOH (FHDD, DCD, MDD)  National Coverage of  Coverage ( Includes all
timely birth dose (within 24 hours of birth)  MOH (all health clinics and timely birth dose hep B those vaccination within
 Strengthening the coordination with hospitals) vaccine (within 24 hours of and beyond 24 Hrs)
maternal and child health programme to birth): - 2015 : “86.5%”
 MOH (District Health Office)
improve access to immunization including - 2020 : ≥95% - 2017 : “88.2%”
vaccination to births outside of health  Private health facilities
- 2030 : ≥95%  Monitoring of current
facilities.
practices from hospitals
 Education material for mother showed problems in data
 District coverage of timely
- importance of Hospital delivery birth dose hep B vaccine collection.
- importance of timely birth dose (within 24 hours of birth):  Data had been manually
vaccine - 2020 : ≥85% collected so there are
- importance of treatment of babies some quality issues in
- 2030 : ≥85% regards of this matter.
with HBIG
- (babies of mothers with positive  Currently, new-borns
HBsAg) delivered at home are
brought to healthcare
facilities for vaccination.
iii. Provision of free immunization to all non- MOH  To propose to Treasury Since the introduction of Fee
citizen children less than 2 years of age. - DCD MOH by 2019 Act (2015), non – citizen
have to pay for immunization
(implementation is subjected to financial - FHDD  Target :
approval) services – RM 80.
- Treasury Division - 2020 : ≥50% Non-
Citizen less than 2
years immunised Proposal paper was been
- 2023 : ≥95% Non- submitted to the post cabinet
in Nov 2018 (for all vaccine
Citizen less than 2
years immunised including HB)
28
iv. Development of integrated shared database MOH Percentage of states  This is to address the
(on immunisation) among public and private - DCD implementing both a Birth issue of mobile population
healthcare facilities Registry and an Immunisation and to trace the defaulters
- FHDD Registry for immunization and
(implementation is subject to financial
approval) - MDD - 50% by 2020 improve the immunization
- Health Informatics Centre coverage with a realistic
- 100% by 2023 denominator.
 Currently, few states
already implement online
- Birth Registry
(Sarawak, Sabah,
N.Sembilan &
P.Pinang) ) and
- Immunization Registry
(Sarawak, N.Sembilan
& P.Pinang)
v. Hep B Immunization for blood donor NBC Continue as donor privilege Free Hep B vaccination ( 3
doses) given to donors who
donated 2-5 times - Donor
privilege
vi. Hepatitis B immunisation among HCWs  Government 100% HCW received  Immunization Hep B
hepatitis B immunisation by among high risk Govt
 Private health facilities
2023 HCW – ongoing
Advocating for national policies requiring free programme
and universal hepatitis B vaccination for
HCWs – Govt to cover HCWs in government  However – private : nil
healthcare facilities meanwhile private
healthcare facilities to cover their HCWs
29
viii. Management of vaccine supply and quality  MOH  For facilities to keep the  Currently, there is no
 Elimination of vaccine stock-outs at the - DCD required minimum stock comprehensive training on
national and district levels through  Target : ≥ 80% number of vaccine management.
- FHDD
improved training in vaccine facilities audited by 2023  Family Health Dev.Division
- Pharmaceutical Services (FHDD) had been conduct-
management.
Programme ing training on COLD
 Prevention of vaccine freezing through  MOH (all health clinic and Management on estimated
improved training in temperature
hospital) cost of RM 10 000.
monitoring.
 MOH (District Health Office)  Pharmaceutical Services
 Promotion of use of controlled to coordinate training on
temperature chain for delivery of hepatitis  Private health facilities
vaccine management.
B birth dose.
 Currently, minimum stock
 To implement regular audits of cold chain required are kept as per
management procedure in all the Garis Panduan
designated healthcare facilities. Pengurusan Stor Farmasi
in Hospitals and Klinik
Kesihatan MOH.
30
C) Strategy 2.3 : Improving Quality And Coverage Of Harm Reduction
i. Sustaining and scaling up the harm reduction

programme, which consist of needle and
syringe exchange (NSEP) and opiate
substitution therapy (OST).
a) Increase OST center at healthcare  MOH No. of health clinic providing  2015 : 37.8% (359/949)
facilities  MoE OST health clinic provide OST
Target: services
 MAC
 Min 45% of health clinics  2017 : 41.9% (398/949)
 Other NGO health clinic provide OST
provide OST by 2020;
services
 55% by 2025;
 RM 1.5 million for
 65% by 2030 (20 methadone
clinics/year)
b) Strengthen and sustain OST services at  MOH  Sustain OST services at  In 2015 : 482 facilities
the existing center  MoE the existing center (in provide OST services (55
2015) hospitals, 359 health
 MoHA ( NADA, Prison clinic, 24 GP-MOH
Department) collaboration, 24 NADA,
 MAC 18 prison and UMCAS)
 Other NGO  In 2017 : 520 facilities
provide OST services (53
hospitals, 398 health
clinic, 22 GP-MOH
collaboration with MOH,
24 NADA, 22 prison and
UMCAS)
31
c) Increase OST/HTC/ARV uptake of  MOH 2015 : 3,710 new methadone

methadone patient  MoE patient registered at govt
facilities
 MoHA ( NADA, Prison
Department)
 MAC
 Other NGO
d) Increase active NSEP registered client  MAC Min 35% active NSEP client Less than 30% registered
by: by 2020; NSEP clients were active in
 Other NGO
 Stress on the need of regular NSEP 40% by 2025 and 2014 & 2015.
 MOH
service to client 50% by 2030
 Establish ‘to increase rate of active
clients' as indicator that need to be
achieved
 Conduct activities/event to attract
back client into NSEP once every
quarter (4 times a year)
e) Ensure adequate needles and syringes  MAC No. of needles distributed per  2015 :
provided to NSEP Client  Other NGO person : 58.1 N&S distributed /PWID
 MOH  2020 : 200 needles  2017 (GAM 2018) :
distributed/PWID
19 / PWID pop or
 2030 : 300 needles
distributed/PWID 282 / active PWID
ii. Provide accurate information on HIV and co-  MAC Frequency of session with -
infection (Hep/TB), SRH, OST, testing, ARV  Other NGO NSEP client : at least 3
treatment and condom usage to NSEP’s sessions per client per year
clients  MOH
32
iii. Increase number of referral to testing and  MAC  Min 30% of active NSEP  Outreach worker is to
treatment (OST/ARV/SRH/Hep/TB)  Other NGO client (opiate users) advise and refer NSEP
referred to OST services client for VCT (HIV).
 MOH per year  2015 - Referral NSEP for
VCT: 13%. However no
 At least 60% of active available data on NSEP
NSEP client referred to client referred for hepatitis
Hep screening per year screening
Strategy 3: Improving Access To Diagnostic, Treatment And Care
i. Improve coverage and access to viral

hepatitis testing, care and treatment.
a) Scale up HBV and HCV screening and  MOH (Hospital – incl.  % PLHBV diagnosed Based on notified cases from
diagnosis among population at risk (HIV, Nephro, NBC, Health e-notis
 % PLHCV diagnosed
PWID, prisoners, drug rehabilitation clinics, KPAS) Note: Need to have practical
centers, hemodialysis patients,  Number of person
 MINDEF screened for HBsAG
estimates of PLHBV and
needlestick injury among HCWs, PLHCV as denominator
transplant patients, and contacts of  MoE (PPUM, PPUKM,  Number of person (Currently we don’t have an
PLHBV & PLHCV) and blood donors HUSM, PPUITM) screened for HCV estimate for PLHBV)
 MoHA
 Private hospitals
33
b) Scaling up treatment coverage at Hospitals  MOH (Hospital – incl.  Number of hospitals

Nephro, National Blood treating HBV and HCV
Centre, Health Clinics,  Number of HCV infection
KPAS) treated
 MINDEF  Number of HBV infection
 MoE (PPUM, PPUKM, treated
HUSM, PPUITM)
 MoHA
 Private hospitals
iii. Improve adherence to treatment and  MOH  SVR (HCV) : 90% (2020) Baseline NA
determine treatment success rate (SVR)  NGO/CSO & 95% (2030)
 Provision of adherence counselling –
training to healthcare providers treating
Hepatitis
 Differentiated service delivery for PWID
through engagement with NGO/CSO
ii. Integration of viral hepatitis management  MOH  Number FMS/HCW
(testing, treatment and care) at primary - FHDD and FMS trained (as in strategy 5)
healthcare Services  Development of module
 Develop training module for Care & - Gastroenterology / for Care & Treatment of
Treatment of Hepatitis C at Primary Care Hepatology Services Hepatitis C at Primary
 Training of FMS Care
ii. Ensure adequate and continuous supply of  MOH 

drugs (to ensure no stock-out) - Pharmaceutical
Services Programme
- Gastroenterology /
Hepatology Services
- DCD
34
iii. Introduction of DAA drugs into the national  MOH  Continuous update of the
drug formulary - Pharmaceutical national drug formulary,
Services Programme with periodical review
- NPRA
iv. Introduction of procurement mechanisms by  MOH  Review of procurement
individual hospitals, in addition to the current - Pharmaceutical mechanism, to achieve
mechanism of centrally pooled procurement. Services Programme further de-centralisation
- Gastroenterology /
Hepatology Services
v. Strengthen quality of Hepatitis testing  MOH achieve ≥80% of overall
services performance
 Ensuring quality system is implemented in
all testing laboratories
 Trained & competent manpower
 Subscription to EQA programme or
having inter-laboratory comparison
 Efficient inventory and procurement
system (to ensure no stock-out)
35
EMTCT pilot programme  MOH  State-wide coverage of

 Pilot implementation in four states - State health departments screening of antenatal
(Pahang, Kedah, Kelantan and (JKN Pahang, Kedah, mothers, and antenatal
Terengganu) Kelantan and mothers who are
Terengganu) screened positive for
Assessment of the operational and hepatitis B and in need of
epidemiological findings of the pilot - MCH treatment are provided
programmes. - Primary care treatment.
- Gastroenterology /  Operational and
Hepatology Services epidemiological research.
Strategy 4 : Quality Strategic Information, Monitoring and Evaluation, and Research
i. Develop a monitoring and evaluation  MOH An M&E framework that

framework for the NSPHCB complements the NSPHCB
that includes the following:
 Goals
 Quantifiable targets for
mid-term and end of term
 Specific
activities/programme
implementation
 Indicators
 Baseline assessment of
indicators
Mid-term review of M&E
indicators
 Mid-term updates of
indicator values
End of NSPHCB evaluation
36
report
 End of term
update of indicator
values
 Assessment report
of NSPHCB
ii. Strengthening viral hepatitis case notification  MOH Review case definition for
to the nearest District Health Office or into e- - DCD (HIV/STI/Hep C viral hepatitis by February
Notification System. Sector & VPD /FWBD 2019
 Monthly return from all laboratories Sector)
(notified positive cases) to State Health - District Health Office
Department (Health inspectors)
- Strategic patient information system - State Health
that links to e-notification system Department
 Review case definition for viral hepatitis - (Deputy State Health
and adapt WHO viral hepatitis Director in Public
surveillance guidelines Health, State Epid
Officer)
iii. Strengthen viral hepatitis cases investigation,  MOH Development of standardised HCV case investigation
including all appropriate public health and - DCD (HIV/STI/Hep C case investigation form format has been finalised and
epidemiologic active case-finding and cases Sector & VPD /FWBD to be used starting in 2019.
follow-up. Sector) HBV - No standardised
 Develop standard case investigation - District Health Office investigation form
format for HCV and HBV (Health inspectors)
- State Health
Department
- (Deputy State Health
Director in Public
Health, State Epid
37
Officer)
iv. Develop centralised patient monitoring  MOH  % patient on treatment Registry is currently being
system / viral hepatitis registry, which include - Gastroenterology /  % patient achieving SVR developed by
the epidemiology, testing, treatment and Hepatology Services Gastroenterology /
outcome components.  Number of deaths Hepatology Services
- DCD attributable
(A centralised patient monitoring system

yields the necessary information on
enrolment to care / treatment / patient
outcome)
v. Develop domestic laboratory network for viral  MOH  All hospital labs PDN is the EQA provider for
hepatitis, linked a to regional laboratory standardised EQA by 2020. Hep B/C blood screening
network - IMR laboratories.
 Letter of appointment to
- Hospital laboratories IMR
(HOD)
 Appointment of IMR as national reference - To be national reference
laboratory for Hepatitis as well as for EQA - NBC laboratory for Hepatitis
diagnostic - for EQA diagnostic
vi. Promote and support research and  MOH  Engage consultant for
partnerships in viral hepatitis - DCD (HIV/STI/Hep C capacity building /
 Engage external consultant for capacity Sector & VPD /FWBD modelling study by 2020 /
building Sector 2021
 Modelling for estimated population of - CRC  Practical population
PLHBV and PLHCV estimate ready by 2023
- IKU
 Cost-effectiveness study for treatment - IHSR
38
vi. To determine prevalence of HCV and HBV  MOH  Incorporate HCV and HBV Currently IBBS capture
among key population - DCD (HIV/STI/Hep C among key population in prevalence of HIV among key
 Incorporate HCV and HBV screening Sector & VPD /FWBD IBBS 2020 population
test in Integrated BioBehavioural Study Sector
Strategy 5 : Capacity Building and Enhancement
i. Ensure adequate number and training of  MOH  CME – yearly (once) 

HCWs to manage viral hepatitis  MoE  Symposium – yearly
 MINDEF (once)
 Private sector  Training – two sessions /
state / yr : RM 10,000 x 15
= RM 150,000 / yr
 No. HCW been trained : at
least 50% trained by 2020
ii. Strengthen capacity of staff in viral hepatitis MOH

management (prevention, testing, treatment
and care).
a) Training on hepatitis and initiation of MOH Training of FMS  Modul Hep C Tx for FMS
hepatitis C treatment at primary  2019 – at least 25% FMS already available
healthcare (training for FMS)  No. of FMS as of June
 2020 – at least 50% FMS
2018 : 408
 2021 – at least 75% FMS
 HCV treatment at PHC by
 2022 – at least 100% FMS FMS piloted at two (2)
health clinic (KK Bandar
Alor Setar dan KK Sg.
Petani) in 2019
39
b) Review man power requirement annually MOH Man power requirement – to

at all level (dasar baru/jawatan) review from time to time
 Request for additional
staffing (if necessary /
critical)
iii. Improve knowledge of non-government  MOH Symposium – yearly (once) Training on hepatitis by MAC
organisation on viral hepatitis to ensure  NGO Training – yearly (once) in 2017 for outreach worker :
adequate and correct dissemination of One session RM 150,000
information on viral hepatitis to the
community.
40
Annex 2
PROPOSED ANNUAL RESOURCE NEED FOR NSPHBC
Prevention Diagnostic, Treatment & Care
Year
HCV HBV Total (RM) HCV HBV Total (RM)
2019 225,000.00 4,330,000.00 4,555,000.00 22,710,000.00 0.00 22,710,000.00
2020 500,000.00 4,330,000.00 4,830,000.00 28,387,500.00 2,400,000.00 30,787,500.00
2021 575,000.00 6,064,720.00 6,639,720.00 39,742,500.00 13,229,820.00 52,972,320.00
2022 675,000.00 6,294,000.00 6,969,000.00 51,097,500.00 16,872,868.00 67,970,368.00
2023 575,000.00 6,294,000.00 6,869,000.00 67,730,000.00 20,139,228.00 87,869,228.00
TOTAL
2,550,000.00 27,312,720.00 29,862,720.00 209,667,500.00 52,641,916.00 262,309,416.00
(2019 - 2023)
41
Annex 3
INDICATORS FOR MONITORING OF NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN FOR HEPATITIS B AND C
Level Areas Indicators
Service coverage Prevention

1. Three-dose hepatitis B vaccine for infants (coverage %)
2. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HBV: hepatitis B birth dose vaccination or

other approaches (coverage %)
3a. Blood safety: donations screened with quality assurance (coverage %)
3b. Injection safety: use of engineered devices (coverage %)
4. Harm reduction (sterile syringe/needle set distributed per person per year for PWIDs
Testing and
5a. Diagnosis of HBV and HCV (coverage %)
treatment
5b. Treatment of HBV and HCV (coverage %)
Incidence Incidence of chronic HBV and HCV infections

Impact leading to
elimination Mortality
Mortality from chronic HBV and HCV infections
42
Annex 4
GLOBAL SERVICE COVERAGE TARGETS THAT WOULD ELIMINATE HBV AND HCV AS PUBLIC HEALTH THREATS, 2015–2030
Baseline 2020 2030

Level Areas Indicators
2015 target target
1. Three-dose hepatitis B vaccine for infants (coverage %) 82% 90% 90%
2. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HBV: hepatitis B birth dose vaccination or

38% 50% 90%
other approaches (coverage %)
Prevention 3a. Blood safety: donations screened with quality assurance (coverage %) 89% 95% 100%
Service 3b. Injection safety: use of engineered devices (coverage %) 1 5% 50% 90%
coverage
4. Harm reduction (sterile syringe/needle set distributed per person per year for PWIDs 2 20 200 300
5a. Diagnosis of HBV and HCV (coverage %) <5% 30% 90%

Testing
and 5 million
80%
treatment (HBV)
5b. Treatment of HBV and HCV (coverage %) <1% eligible
3 million
treated
(HCV)
6–10
Impact Incidence Incidence of chronic HBV and HCV infections -30% -90%
million
leading to
elimination Mortality Mortality from chronic HBV and HCV infections 1.46 million -10% -65%
1 While the service coverage target is about output (Adoption of re-use prevention injection devices), the C.5 indicator focuses on outcome (provision of safe injections)
2
PWIDs : Persons who inject drugs
43
Annex 5
BASELINE ESTIMATE OF THE 10 CORE INDICATORS FOR VIRAL HEPATITIS, MALAYSIA, 2018 (2017 DATA)
Estimate Data
Indicators quality Comments, including Source of information
General HBV HCV
level
C.1 Prevalence of Blood donors 0.09%(2017) 0.03%(2017) 2&3 National blood transfusion services
infections Population 1.1% (N=328,000) 2.5% (N=453,700) Modelled estimates
C.2 Capacity for testing Serology 58 58 2 Reports from MOH. Excludes some private labs
NAT 6 6
C.3 Hepatitis B vaccine Third dose 99.4% (2016) National survey
coverage Birth dose 100%* (2016) 1 National survey
C.4 NSP/PWIDs 19 /PWID 1 Global AIDS Monitoring 2018 (report 2017 progress)
C.5 Safe healthcare 98.8% 3 Western pacific regional estimate
injections
C.6. Proportion 10.5% (N=34419) 6.1%(N=23258) 3 Notifiable disease reporting
diagnosed
C.7 Treatment coverage 22.4%(N=7709) 1.4%(N=331) 2 * No tx/dx*100
/ initiation
C.8 Treatment Sentinel 76.6% 95.4% 2
effectiveness
C.9 Incidence of 0.3% 2.51 per 100,000 1/3
infections (2009, ages 9-10)* (2014 blood donor
seroconversion)
Source: 2015 WHO Global Health Estimates
C.10 Mortality infections 2,500 600
adjusted for IARC2 and Malaysian data.4
a
http://whohbsagdashboard.com
a http://polarisobservatory.org/
.
a
Timely birth dose means administered within 24 hours of birth. Indicator 3b refers to timely birth dose and other intervention
s to prevent mother to child
transmission of HBV.
a Does not specify if timely or not
a Needle and syringe provision
a PWID : Person who inject drugs
a 2018 updated PSE for PWID (80,000 vs 140,000 previously, the value becomes 40 NS/PWID)
(
a
certified in 2011 (WHO) as fulfilling the target of <1% among children at 44
least 5 yrs old.
TITI
Annex 6
HEPATITIS C: SCREENING AND TREATMENT TARGET 2019 – 2030
Target
Year
Screening Treatment
2019 15,000 2,000
2020 20,000 2,500
2021 25,000 3,500
2022 35,000 4,500
2023 45,000 6,000
2024 55,000 8,000
2025 65,000 10,000
2026 75,000 11,500
2027 85,000 13,000
2028 95,000 14,500
2029 100,000 16,000
2030 105,000 17,500
45
NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN FOR VIRAL HEPATITIS
1) Datuk Dr Muhammad Radzi Abu Hassan, Head of Medical Dept., Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah
and Head of Gastroeneterology & Hepatology Services, MoH Malaysia
2) Dr. Anita Suleiman, Public Health Consultant & Head of HIV/STI/Hepatitis C Sector, Disease
Control Division
3) Dr. A’aisah Senin, Public Health Consultant & Head of Vaccine Preventable Diseases/Food &
Water Borne Diseases Sector, Disease Control Division
4) Dr. Rohani Jahis, Public Health Consultant & Head of Zoonosis, Disease Control Division
5) Dr. Priya a/p Ragunath, Public Health Physician and Head of Occupation and Environmental
Health Sector
6) YBhg Datin Dr. Salbiah binti Hj. Nawi, Microbiology Consultant, Hospital Kuala Lumpur
7) Dr. Rozita Zakaria, Family Medicine Consultant, Putrajaya Health Clinic (Precint 18)
8) Dr. Tun Maizura Mohd Fathullah, Deputy Director I, National Blood Center.
9) Dr. Fazidah Yuswan, Public Health Physician, HIV/STI/Hepatitis C Sector, Disease Control
Division
10) Dr. Hjh. Rosaida Hj. Md. Said, Consultant Gastroenterologist & Hepatologist, Hospital
Ampang, Selangor
11) Dr. Haniza Omar, Consultant Gastroenterologist & Hepatologist, Hospital Selayang, Selangor
12) Dr. Rozainanee Md Zain, Pathologist (Microbiologist Virologist), Institute Medical Research
13) Dr. Jamiatul Aida Md Sani, Public Health Physician, Vaccine Preventable Diseases/Food &
14) Dr. Chai Phing Tze, Senior Principle Assistant Director, HIV/STI/Hepatitis C Sector, Disease
Control Division
15) Dr. Mohamad Izzi Zahari, Principle Assistant Director, Vaccine Preventable Diseases/Food &
16) Dr. Pravin a/l Muniandy, Principle Assistant Director, Occupation and Environmental Health
Sector, Disease Control DivisionDr.
17) Dr. Fatanah Ismail, Public Health Physician, Family Health Development Division
18) Dr. Rozita Ab Rahman, Senior Principle Assistant Director, Family Health Development
Division
19) Dr. Sarah Awang Dahlan, Principle Assistant Director, Family Health Development Division
20) Sasitheran a/l Krishnan Kutty Nair, Principle Assistant Director, Health Education Division
21) Yessy Octavia Misdi, Principle Assistant Director, Health Education Division
22) Dr. Siti Zubaidah Ahmad Subki, Senior Principle Assistant Director, Medical Development
Division
23) Dr. Olivia Tan Yen Ping, Senior Principle Assistant Director, Medical Development Division
24) Fahmi Hassan, Principal Assistant Director, Pharmacy Practice & Development Division
25) Hj. Mohd Azam Mohd Nor, Head of Microbiology Transfusion, National Blood Center
26) Norshuhaidah Mohd Jamaludin, Mikrobiology Science Officer, National Blood Center
46
NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN FOR VIRAL HEPATITIS
REFERENCES
1. K.Y. Loh STK. Hepatitis B infection: what the primary care doctors should know.
Malaysian Family Physician 2006; 1(1): 8-10.
2. Raihan R. Hepatitis in Malaysia: Past, Present, and Future. Euroasian journal of hepato-
gastroenterology 2016; 6(1): 52-5.
3. Viral hepatitis in Malaysia - situation analysis in 2018. Kuala Lumpur: Ministry of Health
Malaysia and World Health Organization 2019.
4. Stanaway JD, Flaxman, A. D., Naghavi, M., Fitzmaurice, C., Vos, T., Abubakar, I., …
Cooke, G. S. The global burden of viral hepatitis from 1990 to 2013: findings from the
Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 388 (10049):
1081–8.
5. Farrell T. Viral hepatitis is the 7th leading killer worldwide, killing more people than HIV,
TB or Malaria7 July 2016, 2016. http://www.worldhepatitisalliance.org/news/jul-2016/viral-
hepatitis-7th-leading-killer-worldwide-killing-more-people-hiv-tb-or-malaria (accessed 16
August 2019).
6. Regional action plan for viral hepatitis in the Western Pacific 2016–2020: A priority action
plan for awareness, surveillance, prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis in the Western
Pacific Region (Draft). Manila: World Health Organization Western Pacific Region, 2015.
7. Case definitions for infectious diseases in Malaysia, 3rd edition, January 2017. Putrajaya
Ministry of Health Malaysia, 2017.
8. Health facts 2010. Putrajaya Ministry fo Health Malaysia 2010.
9. Health Facts 2016. Putrajaya: Ministry of Health Malaysia 2016.
10. Programmatic data (unpublished data). Ministry of Health Malaysia; 2017.
11. Yuswan Fb. Situational Analysis on Viral Hepatitis in Malaysia & National Responses:
Meeting on hepatitis response in Malaysia, 6th & 7th August 2018, Putrajaya. Putrajaya:
Ministry of Health Malaysia 2018.
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data gaps in the epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection in Malaysia using multi-
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13. McDonald SA, Dahlui, M., Mohamed, R., Naning, H., Shabaruddin, F. H., &
Kamarulzaman, A. . Projections of the current and future disease burden of hepatitis C virus
infection in Malaysia. PloS one 2015; 10(6).
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15. Guidelines on occupational exposures to HIV, HBV, and HCV and recommendations for
post exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Putrajaya: Ministry of Health Malaysia, 2007.
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years old in Malaysia. Putrajaya: Ministry of Health Malaysia; 2010.
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public health approach to hepatitis C: Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative press release,
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18. Combating hepatitis B and C to reach elimination by 2030. Geneva: World Health
Organization 2016.
47

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NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN FOR VIRAL HEPATITI

NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN

NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN

List of Figures …………………………………………………………………………….. iii

Chapter 1 : Introduction ……………………………………………………………... 1

2.5 Strategies …………………………………………………………… 9

Figure 1 : Notification rate (per 100,000 population) of hepatitis B in Malaysia,

Table 1 : Approximate total expenditure of viral hepatitis B and C Programme,

CME Continuous Medical Education

Viral hepatitis remains as one of the public health concerns

The NSPHBC is a documentation of a structured and comprehensive strategy and plan

(Datuk Dr Noor Hisham Abdullah)

The objectives of this NSPHBC are:

 To prevent the transmission of viral hepatitis B and C.

 To promote partnerships with relevant stakeholders for the prevention, control,

This NSPHBC outlines five key strategic areas:

Strategy 1 : Advocacy, communication and social mobilisation

Strategy 2 : Quality and coverage of prevention programmes

Strategy 3 : Access to diagnostic, treatment and care services

Strategy 4 : Quality strategic information, monitoring and evaluation, and

Strategy 5 : Capacity building and enhancement

The targets to be achieved by 2030 are;

 To diagnose 90% of the population living with viral hepatitis.

 To reduce the number of new cases of viral hepatitis by 90%.

 To reduce mortality due to viral hepatitis by 65%.

 To treat 90% of the population in need of treatment.

i) Strengthening the current notification system, developing a centralised monitoring

1.1.1 HEPATITIS B IN MALAYSIA

Figure 1: Notification rate (per 100,000 population) of hepatitis B in Malaysia,

1.1.2 HEPATITIS C IN MALAYSIA

Figure 2: Number of cases and notification rate (per 100,000 population) of

Source: Ministry of Health11

Figure 3: Projection of current and future disease burden of hepatitis C infection in

Figure 4: Projections of hepatitis C infection and its complication, Malaysia,

Total Infected Cases (Viremic) - Malaysia Liver related Deaths - Malaysia

HCC - Malaysia Decompensated Cirrhosis - Malaysia

Source: Razavie at al,

1.2 THE CURRENT NATIONAL POLICY AND PROGRAMMATIC RESPONSE

1.2.1 SCREENING AND TESTING

ii. Healthcare workers (HCWs)

iii. People who inject drugs (PWID) participating in harm reduction

PWID receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) have been screened

iv. Foreign workers

1.2.2 VIRAL HEPATITIS SURVEILLANCE AND NOTIFICATION

ii. Harm reduction programmes

1.2.4 TREATMENT, TESTING AND CARE

Treatment and clinical monitoring are mainly performed by gastroenterologists and

The availability of direct acting antiviral (DAA) drugs, specifically sofosbuvir at an

1.2.5 HEALTH EDUCATION

The Government of Malaysia is concerned by the increasing trend of viral hepatitis in

1.4 DEVELOPING THE NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN FOR HEPATITIS B AND C

CHAPTER 2: NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN FOR HEPATITIS B

To prevent and control hepatitis B and C, towards their elimination.

To decrease the transmission of viral hepatitis, limit the complications and to

2.3.2 To prevent the transmission of viral hepatitis.

2.3.5 To promote partnerships with relevant stakeholders for the prevention,

2.4 STRATEGIC TARGETS

The targets of NSPHBC to be achieved by 2030 are;

2.4.1 To diagnose 90% of the population living with viral hepatitis.