6.1 Grade 6 Language Handout Term 1 2023-2024

ENGLISH
GRADE 6
TERM 1: HANDOUT
2023-2024
Name: __________________________________
Grade 6:________________
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Grade 6 English Handout Term 1 2023-2024
ECD & Primary School Support: Languages Grades 4-7
Content
1. Nouns 3-4
2. Pronouns 5-7
3. Subject verb agreement 8-9
4. Simple Past Tense 10
5. Simple Present Tense 11
6. Simple Future Tense 12
7. Interrogative 13
8. Indefinite pronouns 14
9. Synonyms 15
10. Antonyms 16
11. Conjunctions 17
12. Direct & indirect speech 18-22
13. Articles 23-24
14. Idioms 25
15. Proverbs 26-27
16. Connecting words 28-29
17. Present perfect tense 30
18. Past perfect tense 31
19. Future simple tense 32
20. Homophones 33
21. Adverbs of manner 34
22. Compound sentences 35-37
23. Quotation marks 38
24. Reported speech 39
25. Synonyms & Antonyms 40-41
26. Types of sentences 42
27. Possible answers 43-45
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What is a Common Noun
A noun is a word that names a person, animal, place, thing, or idea. All nouns can be further
classified as a proper or common noun.
Common nouns are words used to name general items rather than specific ones. Go into your
living room. What do you see? A lamp, chair, couch, TV, window, painting, pillow, candle –
all of these items are named using common nouns.
Common nouns are everywhere, and you use them all the time, even if you don’t realize it.
Wherever you go, you’ll find at least one common noun. Street, bathroom, school, mall, living
room.
Underline the common noun from the sentences given below:

1. Who is the President of India?
2. I would like to buy a car.
3. In which year India had won the World cup?
4. A man is sitting on the bench.
5. A woman is cooking the food.
6. You have finished all the work this week.
7. We were planning to watch the movie today.
8. I watched a horror movie last night.
9. The Wings of Fire is a great book to read.
10. Susan is the best friend of Sonja.
Abstract nouns are those that we cannot perceive with our five senses i.e. we cannot see,
hear, touch, smell or taste them. They are the names given to some feeling, action, event,
state, quality, art or subject.
Example:
Feeling – happiness, fear, loneliness.
Quality – honesty, truth, wisdom.
Action -theft, mischief, behavior.
Art – music, painting, poetry.
Subject – English, Science, History.
State – childhood, sleep, death, youth.
Formation of Abstract nouns:

Abstract nouns are generally formed from-
(a) common nouns
(b) Adjectives
(c) Verbs
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(a) from Common Nouns
Common Noun Abstract Noun
school schooling
captain captaincy
child childhood
thief theft
friend friendship
king kingship
(b) from Adjectives

Adjectives Abstract Noun
brave bravery
honest honesty
free freedom
poor poverty
dark darkness
proud pride
(c) from Verbs

Verbs Abstract Noun
fly flight
describe description
live life
see sight
move motion
try trial
http://www.jkacademypro.com/nouns-for-grade-6
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What Is a Pronoun?
A pronoun is used in the place of a noun. It substitutes the noun in a paragraph or
piece of writing to avoid repetition of the noun. Pronouns can be used in singular and
plural forms. The verb used in the sentence should be used in accordance with the
particular form of the pronoun used.
Types of Pronouns with Examples
Pronouns can be classified into different types based on their functions. Given below
are the various types of pronouns. Go through the examples carefully to have a clear
understanding of each type of pronoun and its function.
• Demonstrative Pronouns are pronouns that are used to point to specific objects.
Some examples of demonstrative pronouns are this, that, these and those.
• Interrogative Pronouns are pronouns that are used to ask questions. Some examples
of interrogative pronouns are who, what, when, why and where.
• Indefinite Pronouns are pronouns that do not refer to any particular person, place or
thing. Some examples of indefinite pronouns are someone, somebody, somewhere,
something, anyone, anybody, anywhere, anything, no one, nobody, nowhere, everyone,
everybody, everywhere, everything, each, none, few, and many.
Demonstrative Pronouns – Rules and Examples
A demonstrative pronoun is used to represent or identify a person, place, animal or thing.

Demonstrative pronouns are used in the singular and plural forms. The only thing that you
need to take into account when using demonstrative pronouns is to use verbs that agree with
the particular singular or plural form of demonstrative pronouns.
(https://byjus.com/english/pronouns)
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Conjunctions
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DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
WHEN THE REPORTING VERB IS IN THE PRESENT TENSE
DIRECT SPEECH
• Susan says, “I do my homework.”

• Consists of 2 parts:
• * a clause containing an introductory verb like, says, cries, asks, shouts,
etc. This indicatesthe speaker and is always followed by a comma.
• * the actual words that are spoken. They are enclosed in inverted
commas and the firstword always begins with a capital letter.
INDIRECT SPEECH
• Susan says that she does her homework.

• Saying, in your own words, what the speaker said. There are no
inverted commas orquestion marks.
5 STEPS TO CHANGE DIRECT TO INDIRECT SPEECH

if the reporting verb is in the present tense (says/shouts)
1. Take away the comma.
2. Take away the inverted commas and other punctuation.
3. Add the word ‘that’.
4. Change the pronoun if necessary.
5. Make sure the verb suits the pronoun and change it if necessary.
• Jack says, “I am ill.” Jack says that he is ill.
• Father says, “I wash my car.” Father says that he washes his car.
• Jack says, “I was very hungry.” Jack says that he was very hungry.
5 STEPS TO CHANGE INDIRECT TO DIRECT

SPEECH if the reporting verb is in the present tense
(says/shouts)
1. Add the comma after the reporting verb.
2. Add the inverted commas.
3. Take away the word ‘that’.
5. Make sure the verb suits the pronoun and change it if necessary
• Mary says that she wants food. Mary says, “I want food.”
• Jo cries that his tummy hurts. Jo cries, “My tummy hurts.”
• Philip says that they play a game. Philip says, “We play a game.”
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EXERCISE
A. Change the Direct to Indirect Speech
1. Sue says, “I am tired.”
2. Peter says, “I wash the car.”
3. Mike asks, “Where is the cat?”
4. Mary cries, “I am hurt!”
5. John says, “I ate six apples.”
6. Mary says, “ I want food”
7. Philip says, “We play a game”
8. Jack says, “I am a good boy”
9. Jack says, “Peter and I play cards.”
10. Sue cries, “I miss my friend!”
B. Change the Indirect to Direct Speech

1. Mary says that she is hungry.
2. Rocco says that they built their own house.
3. Rory says that he must learn hard for his test.
4. Suzy says that they can improve their marks.
5. Gran asks where her walking stick is.
6. Jack says that he is ill.
7. The man asks if he may buy sweets.
8. The policeman says that they must be careful
9. Father says that he washed his car.
10. Peter asks if his bat was stolen.
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WHEN THE REPORTING VERB IS IN THE PAST TENSE
DIRECT SPEECH
• Susan said, “I do my homework today.”

• Consists of 2 parts:
• * a clause containing an introductory verb like said, asked, shouted,
cried, etc. Thisindicates the speaker and is always followed by a
comma.
• * the actual words that are spoken. They are enclosed in inverted
commas and the firstword always begins with a capital letter.
INDIRECT SPEECH
• Susan said that she did her homework that day.

Saying, in your own words, what the speaker said. There are no
inverted commas orquestion marks.
6 STEPS TO CHANGE DIRECT TO INDIRECT

SPEECH if the reporting verb is in the past tense
(said/shouted)
1. Take away the comma.
2. Take away the inverted commas and other punctuation.
3. Add the word ‘that’.
5. Move the verb one tense backwards and make sure it suits the pronoun.
6. Change the red light word!! Learn the list!!!
• Jack said, “I am ill today.” Jack said that he was ill that day.
• Father said, “I wash my car here.” Father said that he washed his car there.
• Jo said, “I was hungry yesterday.” Jo said that he had been hungry the
previous day.
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6 STEPS TO CHANGE INDIRECT TO DIRECT
SPEECH If the reporting verb is in the past tense
(said/shouted)
1. Add the comma after the reporting verb.
2. Add the inverted commas
3. Take away the word ‘that’
4. Change the pronoun if necessary
5. Move the verb one tense forward and make sure it suits the pronoun.
6. Change the red light word! Learn the list!
• Mary said that she wanted food then. Mary said, “I want food now.”
• Jo cried that his tummy hurt that day. Jo cried, “My tummy hurts today.”
• Philip said that they had played a game there. Philip said, “We played a game
here.”
• Pronouns:
Direct speech Indirect speech
my his/her
I he/she
we they
our their
you he/she/they
your their/his/her
Red LightWords:
Direct speech Indirect speech Direct speech Indirect speech

now then next day the following day
today that day here there
yesterday the previous day must had to
tomorrow the next day will would
last week the previous week can could
Ago before shall should
these those may might
This that day after in two days time
tomorrow
next week the following week day before yesterday two days ago
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EXERCISE
A. Change the following sentences to the INDIRECT SPEECH
1. Peter said, “I wash our car today.”
2. Mary said, “My mom can bake cake here.”
3. Jack said, “We must learn hard for the test tomorrow.”
4. Mark said, “I may go hunting next year.
5. Roy said, “I wrote the test yesterday.”
6. Mary said, “I may go now.”
7. Jack said, “I shall eat my food tomorrow.”
8. Jo cried, “I must stay here.”
9. Philip said, “We play a game today.”
10. The doctor said, “I must go home now.”
B. Change the following sentences to the DIRECT SPEECH

1. Mary said that she might go then.
2. Jack said that he would eat his food the next day.
3. Jo cried that he had to stay there.
4. Philip said that they played a game that day.
5. The doctor said that he had to go home then.
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Articles
Fill in the blanks with suitable articles:
1. One morning, Sam was walking along high road. He

strode along till he reached little
town. He was hungry. He marched into inn and ordered best
luncheon.
2. Dean was seen standing in court of law. He was found guilty of
stealing car and cheeking police.
3. At last, they reached door of dungeon. There they passed

ancient jailor who sat with bunch of keys.
4. Whether he sees seasons come and go is thing

you may never know. But busy as he is, he keeps eye
on all bird traffic passing by.
5. He had good night’s sleep and is now ready to spy shouting

monkeys circling field in orthodox fashion.
6. I once had insipid dream. I slipped out of _ half-

opened window and escaped over
rooftops. But I felt sick and rolled down.
7. Four cats were playing on blue tiles in warm sun. I

had never seen such extraordinary sight.
https://englishlinx.com/articles/
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CONNECTING WORDS
We use connecting words to join simple sentences. Connecting words make your
writingflow better and they help sentences to make sense.
Become familiar with the three groups of connecting words that may come between
clauses so that you can avoid run-together sentences and fragments.
GROUP 1:
These words are found between independent clauses and require only a comma [,] in front of them.
and nor
but yet
for so
or
GROUP II:
These words are found between independent clauses and require a semi-colon [;] in front of
them, or aperiod [.] and a capital letter.
also likewise therefore

consequently moreover then
furthermore nevertheless thus
however otherwise
GROUP III:
These words usually signal a dependent clause. Use a comma [,] after a dependent clause if it
comes atthe beginning of a sentence.
after in order that where

although since wherever
though that whether
as so that which
as if unless whichever
because until while
before what who
how whatever whom
if when whose
even if whenever
Connecting word Function Example
and Joins ideas in a sentence. Vuyo watches television and

Thabo reads his book.
so, because Gives a reason for something. I was hungry so I ate an
apple.
for example Adds information to the first I like all kinds of sport, for
sentence or idea. example soccer, rugby,cricket
and tennis.
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Fill in the blanks with the present perfect form of given verbs: (has/have + third form of
verb)
1.) The bus _____ not yet _____ at the bus stop. (arrive)
2.) We _____ just _____ from the school. (return)
3.) I _____ some snacks for you to eat. (bring)
4.) We _____ a new house near the lake. (buy)
5.) Why _____ they _____ the match? (postpone)
6.) He _____ thousands of articles from the newspaper. (collect)
7.) Where _____ you _____ your suitcase? (lose)
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Worksheet No.1 Read the sentences and fill in the blanks by using Future Perfect
Tense Formula
1. Tom __________ (read) the novel by the end of this month.

2. I __________ (reach) the home before he comes to meet me.
3. The mother __________ (cook) the dinner before the children arrive.
4. He __________ (meet) Alice by 8 pm tonight.
5. I __________ (take) the coffee by 9 pm tonight.
6. She __________ (leave) the town by the end of this year.
7. The kids __________ (fall) asleep by the time you get home.
8. I __________ (reach) home by dinner time.
9. By this time tomorrow, he __________ (sign) an agreement.
10. He __________ (complete) his graduation till then.
https://za.pinterest.com/pin/546131892324340524/
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Common nouns Simple Present Tense Indefinite pronouns
1. president 1. use 1. somebody
2. car 2. love 2. everyone
3. year 3. go 3. anyone
4. man/ bench 4. rises 4. no one
5. woman / food 5. comes 5. everyone
6. work / week 6. live 6. someone
7. movie 7. drives 7. everyone
8. movie 8. prefer 8. somebody
9. book 9. favors 9. anyone
10. friend 10. starts 10. everyone
Demonstrative Pronouns 11. no one
1 these Simple Future Tense 12. anyone
2. that 1. will drive 13. somebody
3. these 2. will participate 14. nobody
4. those 3. will not help
5. those 4. will take Conjunctions
6. that 5. will be 1. or
7. this 6. will sleep 2. although
8. those 7. will not give 3. and
9. this 8. will rain 4. because
10. these 9. will not arrive 5. yet
11. those 10. will sell 6. then
12. that 7. therefore
13. these Interrogative pronouns 8. but
Subject verb agreement 1. which B. and but because
1. represent 2. to whom
2. are 3. whose Indirect speech
3. helps 4. what 1. Sue says that she is tired.
4. is 5. whose 2. Peter says that he washes the cat.
5. work 6. To whom 3. Mike asks where the cat is.
6. brings 7. who 4. Mary cries that she is hurt.
7. complement 8. what 5. John says that he ate six apples.
8. is 9. who 6. Mary says that she wanted food.
9. is 10. whose 7. Phillip says that they play a game.
10. conducts 11. what 8. Jack says that he is a good boy.
Simple past tense 12. which 9. Jack says that Peter and he play
cards.
1. went 13. whose 10. Sue cries that she misses her
friend.
2. bought 14. To whom
3. woke 15. What
4. found 16. Who
5. ground 17. Which
6. drank 18.what
7. knew
8. drove
9. blew
10. said
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Direct Speech Articles Present perfect tense
1. Mary says, “I am hungry.” 1. a a the the 1. The bus has not yet arrived at
2. Rocco says, “We built our own 2. a a the The bus stop.
house.”
3. Rory says, “I must learn hard for 3. the the an a 2. We have just returned from the
my test.”
4. Suzy says, “We can improve our 4. the a an the School.
marks.”
5. Gran asks, “Where is my walking 5. a the the an 3. I have brought some snacks for
stick?”
6. Jack says, “ I am ill.” 6. an a the you to eat.
7. The man asks, “May I buy 7. the the an 4. We have bought a new house
sweets?”
8. The policeman says, “You must near the lake.
be careful.”
9. Father says, “I washed my car.” Articles (2) 5. Why have they postponed the
10. Peter asks, “Was your bat 1. the match?
stolen?”
2. a 6. He has collected thousands of
1. Peter said that he washed their 3. the Articles from the newspaper.
car that day.
2. Mary said that her mom could 4. a 7. Where have you lost your
bake cake there.
3. Jack said that they had to learn 5. a suitcase?
hard for the test the following day.
4. Mark said that he might go 6. the
hunting the following year.
5. Roy said that he wrote the test 7. a Past Perfect tense
the previous day.
B 1. Mary said that she might go 8. a 1. I had seen the movie.
then.
2. Jack said that he should eat his Connecting words 2. Martha had eaten her dinner.
food the following day.
3. Jo cried that she should stay a) before 3. The computer had worked well.
there.
4. Philip said that they should play a b) then 4. The driver had gone to the
game that day.
5. The doctor said that he should go c) for example garage.
home then.
d) even though 5. My parents had said they were
e) because going to the new restaurant.
f) however 6. Lauren had wanted to go to the
Bahamas.
7. The team had played very well.
8. The artist had painted a
beautiful painting.
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Future perfect tense Synonyms (continued)
1. will read silly. 12. pleasant
2. will reach 11. My mother waited patiently. 13. awesome
3. will cook 12. My uncle got up very early. 14. laughing
4. will meet
5. shall take Simple, compound, complex Antonyms
6. will leave 1. simple 1. night
7. will fall 2. complex 2. soft
8. will reach 3. compound 3. easy
9. will sign 4. compound 4. sharp
10. will complete 5. complex 5. curly
6. compound 6. worse
Homophones 7. simple 7. sold
1. eye 8. complex 8. bitter
2. know 9. compound 9. cold
3. eight 10. crooked
4. aunt Quotation marks 11. graceful
5. flour 1. Phillip said, “I think we’re going 12. wrong
6. knight To the movies.”
7. meet 2. “My vote goes to Belinda,” said Types of sentences
8. be George. 1. ? question
9. read 3. Robert asked, “What time is it?” 2. ! exclamation
10. close 4. “Let’s eat lunch,” said Denise, 3. . command
“I’m hungry.” 4. . statement
1. pair 5. “I never met a man I didn’t like,” 5.! Exclamation
2. see Said Will Rogers. 6. ? question
3. male 6. “I like your shoes,” exclaimed 7. . statement
4. pear Carrie, “where did you get 8. . command
5. mail them?” 9. . statement
6. sea 7. “Thank you for the nice 10. . command
Adverbs of manner Present!” said Emma.
1. Please could you speak loudly. 8. Liam asked Wesley, “Do you
2. Samuel answered all the want to come with us?”
questions correctly. Synonyms
3. The man was playing 1. tired
4. Andrew has been working very 2.little
late. 3. beautiful
5. Mr Harrison arrived early. 4. difficult
6. The problem could be solved 5. angry
very easily. 6. delicious
7. The candidates were not 7. dirty
debating unfairly. 8. tidy
8. He was driving too fast. 9. loud
9. The man was walking quietly. 10. intelligent
10. My brother was behaving 11. kind
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ENGLISH

3. Subject verb agreement 8-9

4. Simple Past Tense 10

5. Simple Present Tense 11

6. Simple Future Tense 12

12. Direct & indirect speech 18-22

13. Articles 23-24

15. Proverbs 26-27

16. Connecting words 28-29

17. Present perfect tense 30

18. Past perfect tense 31

19. Future simple tense 32

21. Adverbs of manner 34

22. Compound sentences 35-37

23. Quotation marks 38

24. Reported speech 39

25. Synonyms & Antonyms 40-41

26. Types of sentences 42

27. Possible answers 43-45

Underline the common noun from the sentences given below:

Formation of Abstract nouns:

(b) from Adjectives

(c) from Verbs

Types of Pronouns with Examples

Demonstrative Pronouns – Rules and Examples

A demonstrative pronoun is used to represent or identify a person, place, animal or thing.

WHEN THE REPORTING VERB IS IN THE PRESENT TENSE

• Susan says, “I do my homework.”

• Susan says that she does her homework.

5 STEPS TO CHANGE DIRECT TO INDIRECT SPEECH

5 STEPS TO CHANGE INDIRECT TO DIRECT

2. Peter says, “I wash the car.”

3. Mike asks, “Where is the cat?”

4. Mary cries, “I am hurt!”

5. John says, “I ate six apples.”

6. Mary says, “ I want food”

7. Philip says, “We play a game”

8. Jack says, “I am a good boy”

9. Jack says, “Peter and I play cards.”

10. Sue cries, “I miss my friend!”

B. Change the Indirect to Direct Speech

2. Rocco says that they built their own house.

3. Rory says that he must learn hard for his test.

4. Suzy says that they can improve their marks.

5. Gran asks where her walking stick is.

6. Jack says that he is ill.

7. The man asks if he may buy sweets.

8. The policeman says that they must be careful

9. Father says that he washed his car.

10. Peter asks if his bat was stolen.

• Susan said, “I do my homework today.”

• Susan said that she did her homework that day.

6 STEPS TO CHANGE DIRECT TO INDIRECT

2. Take away the inverted commas and other punctuation.

3. Add the word ‘that’.

4. Change the pronoun if necessary.

6. Change the red light word!! Learn the list!!!

Direct speech Indirect speech Direct speech Indirect speech

2. Mary said, “My mom can bake cake here.”

4. Mark said, “I may go hunting next year.

2.) We _ just _ from the school. (return)

5.) Why _ they _ the match? (postpone)

7.) Where _ you _ your suitcase? (lose)