Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks

:2000-2001 Solved Examples

4. Elevated Conduits

4. Elevated Conduits
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

(1)
(i)

2m 0.3 m

1m

1m
7m

Sec. Elevation x-x

30

5m

6 10 /m` (U)
6 10 /m` (U)
6 10 /m` (L)

9 10 /m` (L)
x 5m x

5m

Plan
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

(ii) Acting load

assume ts = 30 cm
- Walls:
the wall will be considered as
one way slab in vertical direction. wβ

p= γ h = 1 * 17 = 17 kN/m2 wα 5

- Floor:
w = γ ts + γ wh
= 25 * 0.3 + 1 * 17 = 24.5 kN/m 2
5 * 0.76 4
r= = 1.25
4 * 0.76
r4
α= 4 = 0.7 → β = 1 - α = 0.3 (Grashoff ' s coefficients)
r +1
w α = 0.7 * 24.5 = 17.15 kN/m 2 , w β = 0.3 * 24.5 = 7.4 kN/m 2

Straining Actions
* Vertical strip

17.2 kN/m`

17 kN/m` 17 kN/m`

8.2 8.2
+ 0.82 0.82
14.45 14.45
26.2

N. F. D B. M. D

* Section in Floor

7.4 kN/m`

5m 5m
18.5 18.5 18.5

18.5 18.5

B. M. D
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Design of critical sections

Consider fcu = 25 kN/cm2

St. 360/520 (1)

(3) (2)
(4)

Sec. (1)
water side section
M = 8.2 kN.m
t = 50 M = 50 8.2 = 143.1 mm
take t s = 300 mm
f ctr
f ct = f ct (M) >
η
6M 6 * 8.2 * 10 6
where, f ct ( M ) = 2 = 2
= 0.546 N/mm 2
bt 1000 * 300
f ctr = 0.6 f cu = 0.6 25 = 3 N/mm 2
f ct ( N )
t v = t [1 + ] = 300 → η = 1.45
f ct ( M )
f ctr 29.76
∴ = = 2.06 N/mm 2 > f ct (o.k)
η 1.45

M u = 1.5 * 8.2 = 12.3 kN.m

t = 300 mm → d = 260 mm
12.3 *10 6
d = c1 → c1 = 11.7
25 *1000
→ J = 0.826
∴ use φ max = 10mm → β cr = 0.85
Mu 12.3 *10 6
As = = = 187 mm 2 = 1.87 cm 2
β cr f y dJ 360 * 260 * 0.826
choose 6 10 /m`
A`s = 6 10 /m`
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Sec. (2)
M = 8.2 kN.m & T = 14.45 kN (water side section)
t = 50 M + 30 = 173 mm
take t s = 300 mm
f ctr
f ct = f ct ( N ) + f ct (M) >
η
T 14.45 * 1000
f ct ( N ) = = = 0.048 kN/mm 2
Ac 300 *1000
6M 6 * 8.2 *10 6
f ct (M) = 2 = 2
= 0.546 kN/mm 2
bt 1000 * 300
∴ f ct = 0.048 + 0.546 = 0.594 kN/mm 2 →
f ct ( N ) 0.048
t v = t[1 + ] = 300[1 + ] = 326.3 mm
f ct ( M ) 0.547
f ctr
∴η = 1.45 , f ctr = 3 kN/mm 2 ∴ = 2.06
η
f ctr
∴ f ct < o.k
η
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

M u = 1.5 * 8.2 = 12.3 kN.m & Tu = 1.5 *14.45 = 21.7 kN

M u 12.3 t
e= = = 0.57 m > (big ecc.)
Tu 21.7 2
t
es = e - + cover = 0.57 - 0.15 + 0.04 = 0.46 m
2
M us = Tu e s = 21.7 * 0.46 = 10 kN.m
M us 10 *10 6
d = c1 ∴ 260 = c1 → c1 = 13
f cu b 25 * 1000
J = 0.826
use φ max = 10 mm ∴ β cr = 0.85
M us Tu
As = +
β cr f y dJ β cr f y / γ s
10 * 10 6 21.7 * 1000 *1.15
= +
0.85 * 360 * 260 * 0.826 0.85 * 360
= 234 mm
choose 6 10 /m`
A`s = 0.2 A s use 6 10 /m`

Sec. (3)
M =26.2 kN.m & T = 14.45 kN (air side section)
t = 300 mm & d = 260 mm

M u = 1.5 * 26.2 = 39.3 kN.m & Tu = 1.5 * 14.45 = 2.17 kN

M u 39.3
e= = = 1.81 m (big ecc.)
Tu 21.7
t
es = e - + cover = 1.81 - 0.15 + 0.04 = 1.7 m
2
M us = Tu e s = 21.7 * 1.7 = 36.9 kN.m
M us 36.9 * 10 6
d = c1 ∴ 260 = c1 → c1 = 6.77
f cu b 25 *1000
J = 0.826
use φ max = 10 mm
M us Tu
As = +
f y dJ f y / γ s
36.9 * 10 6 21.7 *1000
= + = 200 mm 2
360 * 260 * 0.826 360/1.15
choose 6 10 /m`
A`s = 6 10 /m`
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Sec. (4)

M = 18.5 kN.m (water side section)

t = 50 M = 50 18.5 = 215 mm
take t = 300 mm
f ctr
f ct = f ct (M) >
η
6M 6 * 18.5 * 10 6
f ct (M) = 2
= 2
= 1.23 N/mm 2
bt 1000 * 300
f (N )
t v = t[1 + ct ] = t = 300 mm → η = 1.45
f ct ( M )
f ctr
f ctr = 0.6 f cu = 3 N/mm 2 → = 2.06 N/mm 2
η
f ctr
∴ f ct < o.k
η

M us 18.5 *10 6 *1.5

d = c1 ∴ 26 = c1 → c1 = 7.8
f cu b 25 *1000
J = 0.826
use φ max = 10 mm ∴ β cr = 0.85
M us 1.5 *18.5 *10 6
As = = = 422.3 mm 2
β cr f y dJ 0.85 * 360 * 260 * 0.826
choose 6 10 /m`
A`s = 6 10 /m`

Design of wall as beam

o.w= γ bt = 25 *0.3 *2 = 15 kN/m`

wf = 24.5 kN/m2

2m

5m 5m 5m (r =1.25 , α = 0.79 , β = 0.6)

Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Load for shear:

w = o.w + β wf x = 1.5+0.6*24.5*2 = 44.4 kN/m`

Load for moment

w = o.w + α wf x = 1.5+0.79*2.45*2 = 5.37 t/m`
Leff= C.L-C.L= 5 m
= 1.05 ln= 1.05 *4.7 = 4.94 m →
∴t/Leff = 200/494 = 0.405 > 0.4 (deep beam)

wl 2 53.7 * 5 2 wl 2 53.7 * 5 2
M + ve = = = 112 kN/m , M − ve = = = 134 kN/m`
12 12 10 10
For - ve moment
M u = 1.5 *134 = 201 kN.m , d = 1900 mm
Mu 201 *10 6
d = c1 ,1900 = c1 → c1 = 11.6
f cu b 25 * 300
J = 0.826
Mu 201 *10 6
As = = = 360 mm 2
f y dJ 360 * 1900 * 0.826
use 3 16 for - ve &+ ve moment /m`

* Shear capacity has to be checked according to code provisions for deep beams
β=0.5
Max. reaction of beam α= 1/3 2
R = 1.1 wl = 1.1 *44.4 *5 = 244 kN 2
a b c
For beam 2
Sec. of beam = 300 * 1000
o.w = 25 *0.3*1= 8 kN/m`

Load for moment w = o.w +α w x = 8+2*1/3 *24.5*2= 41 kN/m`

Load for shear w = o.w +β w x = 8+2*1/2 *24.5*2= 57 kN/m`

M = 41 * 2 2 / 2 = 82 kN.m
M u = 1.5 M = 123 kN.m
Mu 123 * 10 6
d = c1 ,95 = c1 → c1 = 7.4
f cu b 25 * 300
J = 0.826
Mu 123 * 10 6
As = = = 440 mm 2
f y dJ 360 * 950 * 0.826
use 3 16 , A`s = 2 12
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

(iii) loads on columns

w
vl. Load = 2 [244 + 57 *2]=716 kN
P
N = 716 *1.1 = 788 kN 1m

Wwind = 716 *5 = 5 kN/m`

P= 5 * 2 = 10 kN
M = 10*10 = 100 kN.m
8m

1m

Design of sec.
N = 788 kN
Nu = 1.5 *788 = 1182 kN

Design for N only

Nu = 0.35 Ac fcu +0.67 fy Asc
Nu = Ac [0.35 fcu + 0.67 fy μ]
1182*1000= Ac [0.35*25+0.67*360*1/100]
Ac = 1059 cm2
Take column 300 *400 mm
To sustain the effect of buckling, take column 300 * 1000
He= k Ho = 2.2 *8 = 17.6 m
Consider unbraced column
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

H e 17.6
λ= = = 17.6 < λ max o.k
t 1
λ > 10 ∴ (long column)
2
λ2 t 17.6 *1000
δ= = = 155 mm
2000 2000
155
∴ M add = Pδ = 788 * = 12.2 m.t
1000
M design = M 2 + M add , where M 2 is due to wind load
= 100 + 122 = 222 kN.m
N u = 1182 kN , M u = 1.5 * 222 = 333 kN.m
Mu 333
e= = = 0.3 m
N u 1182 M N
+ 300
e 0.3 1000
= = 0.3 > 0.05 o.k
t 1

use interaction diagram for f y = 3600, α = 1 , ξ = 0.8

Nu 1182 *1000
k= = = 0.16
f cu bt 25 * 300 *1000
e Mu 333 * 10 6
k = = = 0.04
t f cu bt 2 25 * 300 *1000 2
ρ = 0.0
0.4
use min steel = bt /side
100
0.4
= * 300 * 1000 = 1200 mm 2
100
choose 6 16
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

6 10/m` 6 10/m`

6 10/m` 6 10/m`

3 16/m` 3 16/m`

6 10/m` 6 10/m`

Cross sec. Of column

16
12

12
16

12

12

10/m`

10/m`
6
2

2
6

30
6 10/m`
6

6
6 10/m`
100
 Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Prob. (2)

40
4m

2m
60o
4m
4m
x x

4m
Sec. Elevation x-x

Plan

Loads
The floor and wall will be considered as way slab in the plane of the paper.
Assume t = 40 cm

Floor
wf = γ ts + γw h
= 25 *0.4 + 10*2 = 30 kN/m2
Wall
ww = γ ts = 25 *0.4 = 10 kN/m2
P = γw h = 20 kN/m2

Straining Actions
L

p p 2m
wf ww

4m
2.3 m
2m
60o
1.16

31.2 31.2
31.2 31.2
_ _
+ 25.3 kN +
25.3 kN
20 20
28.8
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

N. F. D B. M. D
23.1 kN

T= 23.1 kN sin 60 =20 kN

60o

60o 23.1 kN
water pressure
29.2 sin 60 o.w of wall + water weigh
25.3 kN = 1*23.1 +00.5*0.76*16
=29.2 kN

Design of critical sections

Sec. (1)

M = 31.2 kN.m , T = 20 kN (water side section) (3)

t = 50 M + 30 = 50 31.2 + 30 = 309 mm (2) (1)

take t = 400 mm
f
f ct = f ct ( N) + f ct (M) > ctr
η
T 20 *1000
f ct (N) = = = 0.5 N/mm 2
Ac 100 * 40
6M 6 * 312 *10 6
f ct ( M ) = 2
= 2
= 1.17 N/mm 2
bt 1000 * 400
f ct = 0.5 + 1.17 = 1.67 N/mm 2
f ct ( N ) 0.5
t v = t[1 + ] = 400[1 + ] = 570 mm , η = 1.65
f ct ( M ) 1.17
f ctr
f ctr = 0.6 f cu = 3 N/mm 2 → = 1.82 N/mm 2
η
f ctr
∴ f ct > o.k
η

M u = 1.5 * 31.2 = 46.8 kN.m & Tu = 1.5 * 20 = 30 kN

M u 46.8 t
e= = = 1.56m > (big ecc.)
Tu 30 2
t
es = e - + cover
2
= 1.56 - 0.2 + 0.04 = 1.40 m
M us = Tu e s = 30 *1.4 = 42 kN.m
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Mu 42 *10 6
d = c1 , 360 = c1 → c1 = 8.78
f cu b 25 *1000
J = 0.826
use φ max = 10 mm ∴ β cr = 0.85
M us Tu
As = +
β cr f y dJ β cr f y / γ s
42 * 10 6 30 *1000
= + = 5.74 mm 2
0.85 * 360 * 360 * 0.826 0.85 * 360 / 1.15
choose 8 10 /m`
A`s = 6 10 /m`

Sec. (2)

M = 288 kN.m & T= 20 kN (air side section)

M u = 1.5 * 288 = 43.2 m.t & Tu = 1.5 * 20 = 30 kN
M u 43.2 t
e= = = 43.2 kN.m > (big ecc.)
Tu 30 2
t
es = e - + cover = 1.44 - 0.2 + 0.04 = 1.28 m
2
M us = Tu e s = 30 * 1.28 = 38.4 kN.m

M us 38.4 *10 6
d = c1 , 360 = c1 → c1 = 9.19
f cu b 25 *1000
J = 0.826
use φ max = 10 mm ∴ β cr = 0.85
M us Tu
As = +
f y dJ f y / γ s
38.4 *10 6 30 *1000
= + = 455 mm 2
360 * 360 * 0.826 360 / 1.15
choose 6 10 /m`
A`s = 6 10 /m`
 Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Sec. (3)

M = 31.2 kN.m , N = - 25.3 kN (water side section)

Big. Ecc. compression
t = 50 M − 30 ≅ 249 mm take t = 400 mm
f ct = f ct (N) + f ct (M)
- 25.3 * 1000
f ct (N) = = −0.063 kN/mm 2
1000 * 400
6M 6 * 31.2 * 10 6
f ct ( M ) = 2 = 2
= 1.17 N/mm 2
bt 1000 * 400
f ct = −0.063 + 1.17 = 1.107 N/mm 2
f ct ( N ) 0.063
t v = t[1 + ] = 400[1 − ] = 421 mm , η = 1.6
f ct ( M ) 1.17
f ctr = 0.6 f cu = 3 N/mm 2
f ctr
∴ = 1.86 N/mm 2 > f ct (o.k)
η
M u = 1.5 * 31.2 = 46.8 kN.m
N u = -1.5 * 2.53 = -38 kN
∴ Use φ max = 10 mm ∴ β cr = 0.85
∴ β cr f y = 0.85 * 360 = 306 N/mm 2
⇒ Use strength interaction diagram for f y = 2800 kg/cm 2 ,
ξ = 0.8 , α = 1 ⇒ A s = A`s = 8 10 /m` (same as for sec.1)

* Design of wall as deep beam

Water weight
* Loads in the plan of the wall A
- o.w of wall = γ b t sin θ Own
θ =60o
= 25 * 0.3 *2.31 sin 60 weight
= 15 kN/m`
- wt of water = γw A sin θ
= 10 * ½ *1.16 *2 sin 60
= 10 kN/m`
- Load from floor = wf *2 = 30* 2 = 60 kN/m`
∴wt = 15 +10 +60 = 85 kN/m`

85 kN/m`

4m 4m
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

+ ve wl 2 85 * 4 2
M max = = = 113.3 kN/m
12 12
− ve wl 2 85 * 4 2
M max = = = 136 kN/m
10 10

Check of deep beam condition

Le ff = C.L − C.L = 4m
= 1.05 L n = 1.05 * 3.7 = 3.89 m
t 2.31
= = 0.59 > 0.4 Deep beam
L e ff 3.89
for - ve moment t = 2310 mm → d = 2200 mm
Mu
d = c1
f cu b
1.5 * 136 * 10 6
2200 = c1
25 * 300
C1 = 13.34 → J = 0.826
Mu 1.5 * 136 * 10 6
As = = = 312 mm 2
f y dJ 360 * 2200 * 0.826
1.3 * 312 = 406 mm 2
Smaller 11
A s min = greater * 300 * 2200 = 2017 mm 2
360
0.15/100 * 30 * 2200 = 990 mm 2
∴ use A s = 5 16 for both negative and positive momnts
• Shear capacity has to be checked according to code provisions
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

(iii) Design of column

Load on each column

concrete 6.32
5.52
1 6.32 + 4 5.52 + 3.6
* 4[( )*2 − ( ) * 1.6] * 25
2 2 2 1.6
2m
water 0.4
1 5.52 + 3.6 ≅3.6 m
+ * 4[( ) * 1.6] * 10 = 295.9 4m
2 2
due to o.w of column → Pcolumn = 1.1 * 295.9 = 325.2 kN

Wind load

P = 1 * 2 * 4 = 8 kN
p 2m
M = 8 * 8 = 64 kN
∴M/column = 64/2 = 32 kN.m

Design for N only

Nu = 1.5 * 325.5 = 488.3 kN 6m
Nu = [0.35 fcut + 0.67 fy μ] Ac
488.3 * 1000 = [0.35 *25 + 0.67 *360 * 1/100] Ac
Ac = 43700 mm2 1m
Take sec. 300 * 500

unbraced column
He
λ= , H e = k H o = 1.6 * 7 = 11.2m
t
11.2 * 100
λ= = 22.4 < (λ max = 23)
50
∴ take t = 70 → λ = 16 > 10 (long column)
λ2 t 16 2 * 700
∴δ = = = 89.6 mm
2000 2000
89.6
M add = P.δ = 325.5 * = 29 kN.m
1000
M design = 32 + 29 = 61 kN.m
∴ M u = 1.5 * 61 = 92 kN.m
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

* Design for M & N

Mu = 9.2 m.t
Nu = 48.83 t
30 cm
Mu 92
e= = = 0.2m 70 cm
N u 488.3
e 0.2
= = 0.3 > 0.05
t 0.7
use interaction diagram for f y = 360 , α = 1 , ξ = 0.8
Nu 488.3 * 1000
k= = = 0.093
f cu bt 25 * 300 * 700
e Mu 92 * 10 6
k = = = 0.025 , ρ = o
t f cu bt 2 25 * 300 * 700 2
0.4
use min. steel A s = * 300 * 700 = 8400 mm 2 /side
100
use 5 16
12

16
12
16

5
2
5

Sec. in column 300 mm

700 mm

6 10/m` 8 10/m`
9 10
6 10 8 10/m`
40 cm 40 cm

3 16 3 16
6 10/m`
6 10/m`

Cross-section of tank
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

40
4m
8 10/m` 8 10/m` (U)
7 10/m` 7 10/m` (L)
10/m`(U)
10/m`(L)
10/m`
10/m`

4m
5
5

6
6

4m

Plan