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1.2 1-Linux History

In 1991, Linus Torvalds, a computer science student in Finland, created Linux as an operating system similar to UNIX but free. He posted early versions online and many developers contributed code. Linux grew to support multiple users and processors simultaneously on many hardware platforms. It includes features like security, stability, and efficiency. Popular Linux distributions include Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian, and Arch Linux. The Linux kernel is the core component that manages hardware and software resources. Common shells like Bash provide a command-line interface for users to interact with and control the operating system.

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316 views4 pages

1.2 1-Linux History

In 1991, Linus Torvalds, a computer science student in Finland, created Linux as an operating system similar to UNIX but free. He posted early versions online and many developers contributed code. Linux grew to support multiple users and processors simultaneously on many hardware platforms. It includes features like security, stability, and efficiency. Popular Linux distributions include Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian, and Arch Linux. The Linux kernel is the core component that manages hardware and software resources. Common shells like Bash provide a command-line interface for users to interact with and control the operating system.

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amit_post2000
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Linux History:

o In 1991, Linus Torvalds was computer science student at University of Helsinki in Finland.
o Linus Torvalds wanted an operating system that was like the UNIX system.
o A UNIX version called Minix was available for free, but it didn’t quite meet his needs.
o So, Torvalds studied Minix and then set out to write a new version himself.
o In his own words, his work was “just a hobby, won’t be big and professional.”
o Writing an operating system is no small task. Even after six months of hard work.
o Torvalds had made very little progress toward the general utility of the system.
o He posted what he had to the Internet and found that many people shared his interest.
o Some brightest minds around the world were contributing to Linus’s project.

Linux Features:
Multiuser, Multi-Processer, Multiplatform, Interoperable, Scalable, Portable, Flexible, Stable,
Efficient and Free.

1 | P a g e Created by Ahmad Ali E-Mail: [email protected] , Mobile# +966-564303717


Linux Core Distributions:
Core Linux Distributions
Linux Flavor Website
Slackware www.slackware.com
Red Hat www.redhat.com
Fedora www.fedoraproject.org
Gentoo www.gentoo.org
Mandriva www.mandriva.com
openSuSe www.opensuse.org
Debian www.debian.org

Linux Live CD Distributors:


Linux Live CD Distributions
Linux Flavor Website
Knoppix www.knoppix.net
SimplyMEPIS www.mepis.org
PCLinuxOS www.pclinuxos.com
Linux www.Linux.com
Slax www.slax.org
Puppy Linux www.puppylinux.org

2 | P a g e Created by Ahmad Ali E-Mail: [email protected] , Mobile# +966-564303717


Linux:
o Linux means the kernel of the system, which is the central controller of everything.
o Linux means the kernel of the system control everything happens on the computer.
o Linux referring to a combination of software called GNU/Linux the operating system.
o Kernel is loaded at boot time & stays running to manage every functioning of system.
o Linux is an operating system, a software program that controls your computer.

RedHat Linux:
o Red Hat is USA multinational software company providing open-source software.
o Red Hat is the world's leading open source and Linux provider company.
o Red Hat Founded in 1993, Red Hat has its corporate headquarters in USA.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL):


o Red Hat Enterprise Linux is an RPM-based Linux distribution, powered by Red Hat.
o Red Hat released its first Red Hat Linux distribution in the year 1993.

3 | P a g e Created by Ahmad Ali E-Mail: [email protected] , Mobile# +966-564303717


Kernel:
o Kernel is the core of the Linux operating system.
o It is the layer directly on top of the hardware.
o It has the necessary modules required to deal with the underlying hardware devices.

Shell:
o Linux shell is interactive command-line interface where user type a command.
o The user gets its result(s) and the Linux shell lies of top of the kernel.
o A shell is a user interface to a computer system that relies on keyboard input.
o Shell is a command language interpreter that executes commands read from input
o Shell is not part of system kernel, but uses the system kernel to execute programs.
o The default Linux command line interface or terminal is the Bash Shell.
o Bash shell is similar to the command line interpreter found in Microsoft Windows CMD.
o Type command (#echo $0 OR #echo $SHELL) in terminal to see which shell are using.

4 | P a g e Created by Ahmad Ali E-Mail: [email protected] , Mobile# +966-564303717

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