The Mechanics of Machining Ultrafine-Grained Grade 2 Ti
The Mechanics of Machining Ultrafine-Grained Grade 2 Ti
The Mechanics of Machining Ultrafine-Grained Grade 2 Ti
Machining of titanium is quite difficult and expensive. Heat generated during the process of cutting does not dis-
sipate quickly, which affects tool life. In the last decade ultrafine-grained (UFG) titanium has emerged as an option
for substitution for more expensive titanium alloys. Extreme grain refinement can be readily performed by severe
plastic deformation techniques. Grain refinement of a material achieved in this way was shown to change its me-
chanical and physical properties. In the present study, the microstructure evolution and the shear band formation
in chips of coarse grained and UFG titanium machined to different cutting speeds and feeding rates was investi-
gated. It was demonstrated that an improvement in the machinability can be expected for UFG titanium.
Acknowledgement
The authors would like to thank the Ukraine Mynestry of Education and Science (project no. 0115U002530) for
supporting this reseach.
References
ZHU, Y.T., LOWE, T.C., VALIEV, R.Z., STOLYAROV, V.V., LATYSH, V.V., RAAB, G.I. (2002). Ultrafine-
grained titanium for medical implants. US Patent, 6,399,215.
STOLYAROV, V.V., ZHU, Y.T., ALEXANDROV, I.V. et al. (2001). Influence of ECAP routes on the
microstructure and properties of pure Ti. In: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. A299 (1 – 2), pp. 59 – 67.
Elsevier. USA.
INYOUNG, K., WON-SIK, J., JONGYOUL, K., KYUNG-TAE, P., DONG, H.S. (2001). Deformation structures
of pure Ti produced by equal channel angular pressing. In: Scripta Materialia, Vol. 45, pp. 575 – 581. Elsevier.
USA.
MAREK, I., VOJTĚCH, D., MICHALCOVÁ, A., KUBATÍK, T.F. (2015). Preparation and Mechanical Properties
of Ultra-High-Strength Nanocrystalline Metals. Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 596-600. ISSN
1213-2489.
GERTSMAN, V.Y., BIRRINGER, R., VALIEV, R.Z., GLEITER, H. (1994). On the structure and strength of
ultra-fine grained copper produced by several plastic deformation. In: Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia, Vol. 30,
pp. 229 – 234. Elsevier. USA.
MOREHEADA, M., HUANGA, Y., HARTWIGB, K.T. (2007). Machinability of ultrafine-grained copper using
tungsten carbide and polycrystalline diamond tools. In: International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture,
Vol. 47, pp. 286 – 293. Elsevier. USA.
LAPOVOK, R., MOLOTNIKOV, A., LEVIN, Y., BANDARANAYAKE, A., ESTRIN, Y. (2012). Machining of
coarse grained and ultra fine grained titanium. In: Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 47, pp. 4589 – 4594. Springer.
Germany.
SALISHCHEV, G.A., VALIAKHMETOV, R.O., GALEEV, R.M. (1993). Formation of submicrocrystalline
structure in the titanium alloys BT8 and influence on mechanical properties. In: Journal of Materials Science, Vol.
28, pp. 2898 – 2902. Springer. Germany.
ISO3685-1977(E). Tool-life testing with single-point turning tools. This standard has been revised by: ISO
3685:1993.9
HORVATH, R., MATYASI, G., DREGELYI-KISS, A. (2015). Examination of the Machinability of Eutectic
Aluminium Alloys. Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 15, No. 5, pp. 830-836. ISSN 1213-2489.
KOMANDURI, R. (1982). Some clarifications on the mechanics of chip formation when machining titanium all-
oys. In: Wear, Vol. 76, pp. 15 – 34. Elsevier. USA.
BACH, P., POLÁČEK, M., CHVOJKA, P., DROBÍLEK, J. (2014). Dynamic Forces in Unstable Cutting during
Turning Operation. Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 3-8. ISSN 1213-2489.
CEPOVA, L., SOKOVA, D., MALOTOVA, S., GAPINSKI, B., CEP, R. (2016). Evaluation of Cutting Forces
and Surface Roughness after Machining of Selected Materials. Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 45-
48. ISSN 1213-2489.
HRICOVÁ, J. (2013). Influence of Cutting Tool Material on the Surface Roughness of AlMgSi Aluminium Alloy.
Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 324-328. ISSN 1213-2489.
EZUGWU, E.O., WANG, Z.M. (1997). Titanium alloys and their machinability a review. In: Journal of Materials
Processing Technology, Vol. 68, pp. 262 – 274. Elsevier. USA.
SYMONOVA, A.A., VEREZUB, O.N., SYCHEVA, A.A., VEREZUB, N.V., HAVIN, V.L., KAPTAY, G.
(2012). Surface grain coarsening and surface during machining of ultra-grained titanium. In: Journal of Mining
and Metallurgy. Sec. B, Vol. 48, pp. 378 – 389. University of Belgrade. Serbia.
SUTTER, G., LIST, G. (2013). Very high speed cutting of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy–change in morphology and
mechanism of chip formation. In: International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, Vol. 66, pp. 37 – 43.
Elsevier. USA.
ZWICKER, U. (1974). Titan und Titanlegierungen, pp. 26 – 63. Berlin: Springer Verlag. H.N.I.
VALIEV, R.Z. (2004). Nanostructuring of Metals by Several Plastic Deformation for Advanced Properties. In:
Nature Materials,Vol. 3, pp. 511 – 516. Nature Publishing Group. Great Britain.