ITTC - Recommended Procedures and Guidelines: Preparation and Conduct of Speed/Power Trials
ITTC - Recommended Procedures and Guidelines: Preparation and Conduct of Speed/Power Trials
ITTC - Recommended Procedures and Guidelines: Preparation and Conduct of Speed/Power Trials
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Procedures and Guidelines Page 1 of 23
Table of Contents
Docking Report: report that documents Speed Run: ship track with specified
the condition of the ship hull and propul- heading, distance and duration over which
sors (available from the most recent dry- Ship Speed and Shaft Power are measured.
docking). S/P Trial Agenda: document outlining
Double Run: two consecutive Speed the scope of a particular S/P Trial. This
Runs at the same power setting on recip- document contains the procedures on how
rocal heading. to conduct the trial and table(s) portraying
EEDI: Energy Efficiency Design Index as the runs to be conducted.
formulated by IMO. Trial Log: for each Speed Run, the log
EEDI Power: Shaft Power that is stipu- contains the run number, the times when
lated by the EEDI regulations. the Speed Run starts and stops, and the
Ideal Conditions: ideal weather and sea data as described in Section 9.4 and Ap-
condition; deep water, no wind, no waves pendix C of Part I of these Guidelines.
and no current. The Trial Leader is the duly authorised
Owner: party that signed the newbuilding (Shipbuilder’s representative) person re-
or conversion contract with the Ship- sponsible for the execution of all phases of
builder. the S/P Trials including the pre-trial prep-
Propeller Pitch: the design pitch, also for aration.
controllable pitch propellers. The Trial Team consists of the Trial
Running Pitch: the operating pitch of a Leader, the Owner’s representative, the
CPP. appointed persons responsible for the S/P
Shaft Power: net power supplied by the Trial measurements and the Verifier.
propulsion machinery to the propulsion Verifier: third party responsible for veri-
shafting after passing through all speed- fication of the EEDI.
reducing and other transmission devices
and after power for all attached auxiliaries
has been taken off. 3. RESPONSIBILITIES
Shipbuilder: ship yard that signed the
newbuilding or conversion contract with 3.1 Shipbuilders’ responsibilities
the Owner.
Ship Speed: speed that is realised under The Shipbuilder is responsible for planning,
the stipulated conditions. “Contract Speed” conducting and evaluating the S/P Trials:
refers to the contractual conditions agreed.
“EEDI Speed” refers to the conditions Speed and Shaft Power measurements and
specified by IMO. The ship’s speed during analysis shall be conducted by persons
a Speed Run is derived from the headway acknowledged as competent to perform
distance between start and end position those tasks, as agreed between the Ship-
and the elapsed time of the Speed Run. builder, the Owner and the Verifier,
Sister Ships: ships with identical main di- The Shipbuilder has to provide all permits
mensions, body lines and propulsor sys- and certificates needed to go to sea,
tem built in a series by the same Ship- The Shipbuilder is responsible for ensur-
builder. ing that all qualified personnel, needed for
S/P Trials: speed-power trials to establish operating the ship, all engines, all systems
the Speed-Power relation of the vessel.
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and equipment during the sea trials are on The Shipbuilder has to arrange for divers to
board, inspect the ship’s hull and propulsor if necessary.
The Shipbuilder is responsible for ensur-
ing that all regulatory bodies, Classifica- The Trial Leader maintains contact with the
tion Society, Owner, ship agents, suppli- Trial Team on the preparation, execution and re-
ers, subcontractors, harbour facilities, de- sults of the S/P Trials.
partments organising the delivery of pro-
visions, fuel, water, towing, etc., needed 3.2 The Trial Team
for conducting the sea trials, have been in-
formed and are available and on board, The Trial Team is responsible for correct
when required, measurements and reporting of the S/P Trials
It is the Shipbuilder’s responsibility that according to this document and for the analysis
all safety measures have been checked and of the measured data to derive the ship’s speed
that all fixed, portable and individual ma- and power at the stipulated conditions. This
terial (for crew, trial personnel and guests) analysis shall be conducted in compliance with
is on board and operative, Part 2 of this Recommended Procedure.
It is the Shipbuilder’s responsibility that
dock trials of all systems have been exe- The Trial Team is responsible for the follow-
cuted and all alarms, warning and safety ing:
systems have been checked,
It is the Shipbuilder’s responsibility that conducting inspection of ship including
an inclining test has been performed hull and propeller condition,
and/or at least a preliminary stability providing, installing and operating all re-
booklet including S/P Trials condition has quired trial instrumentation and temporary
been approved, in accordance with the cabling,
SOLAS Convention, providing the ship master and Owner’s
It is the Shipbuilders responsibility that all representative with a preliminary data
ship data relevant for the S/P Trials Prep- package and preliminary analysis before
aration, Conduct, Analysis and Reporting debarking,
are made available to the Trial Team prior providing a final report after completion
to the S/P Trials. This data shall include of the trials in accordance with Chapter 10.
the information requested in Appendix A
as well as the results of the model tests for
this ship at trial draught and trim, EEDI 4. TRIAL PREPARATIONS
draught and trim and Contract draught and
The success of the S/P Trials largely depends
trim.
on the preparations. In this chapter, the most im-
portant steps are summarised.
The Shipbuilder is responsible for the over-
all trial coordination between the ship's crew
and Trial Team. A pre-trial meeting between the 4.1 Installation & Calibration
Trial Team and the ship’s crew shall be held to
discuss the various trial events and to resolve Assemble all trials instrumentation in the
any outstanding issues. configuration that will be used on the ship. Test
the instrumentation system on malfunctioning
or any other complications.
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Apart from the obvious signals such as shaft As part of the S/P Trial preparation, the tor-
torque, rpm and DGPS, it is important to check: sion meter’s zero torque readings shall be deter-
mined since there is a residual torque in the shaft,
1. Gyrocompasses which is resting on the line shaft bearings. The
2. Anemometer system torsion meter zero setting is to be done accord-
3. Speed log system ing to its maker’s instructions.
4. Propeller Pitch (of each propeller)
5. Ship’s draught measurement system (if The shaft material properties, i.e. the G-
available) Modulus, as specified and documented by the
6. Water depth measuring system shaft supplier shall be provided by the Ship-
builder. The shaft diameter used in the power
All shipboard signals that will be recorded calculation shall be derived from the shaft cir-
during the S/P Trials shall be calibrated after the cumference in-situ measured at the location of
instrumentation is installed prior to the S/P Tri- the torque measurement. In case of variable
als. For this purpose, the sensors shall be cycled pitch propeller there might be a drilling diameter
throughout the full operating range of the sys- to be taken into account (to be supplied by Ship-
tem. builder).
An important deliverable of this stage will be model tests shall be within 2% of the displace-
a document describing the test set-up, and the ment during the S/P Trials.
calibrations including evidence of the calibra-
tions that have been carried out. Draught at the perpendiculars, trim and dis-
placement of the S/P Trials are obtained by av-
It is important to note that there are two eraging the ship draught mark readings. The
stages to consider in performing instrumentation ship shall be brought into a loading condition
checks, viz. the pre-trial check procedures and that is as close as possible to contract condition
the post-trial check to verify the calibration re- and/or the condition at which model tests have
sults. been carried out.
The S/P Trial Agenda is a document pre- The trim shall be maintained within very
pared by the Shipbuilder, outlining amongst oth- narrow limits. For the even keel condition the
ers the scope of a particular Speed/Power trial. trim shall be less than 1.0% of the mid-ships
This document contains the procedures on how draught. For trimmed trial conditions, the im-
to conduct the trial and table(s) portraying the mergence of the bulbous bow shall be within ±
runs to be conducted. It outlines the particular 0.1 m read at the forward draught marks, of the
responsibilities of the Trial Leader, Trial Team, ship condition for which model test results are
ship’s crew/ Shipbuilder, and the Owner’s rep- available.
resentative. The scope of the S/P Trials shall be
In case draught and trim requirements can-
in line with this document.
not be met at the same time, the above immer-
gence requirement of the bulbous bow super-
5. SHIP CONDITION sedes.
The ship’s displacement shall be within 2% The ship shall have clean hull and propeller
difference of the actual required displacement. for the sea trial. Hull roughness and marine
If model test results are used for the analysis of growth can increase the resistance of the ship
the S/P Trials, the displacement used in the significantly but are not corrected for in S/P Tri-
als. Therefore, it is recommended that the hull
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and propeller(s) are cleaned just prior to the sea 6.2 Wind
trials. The date of last docking and hull and pro-
peller cleaning are to be documented in the S/P During the S/P Trial the wind speeds shall
Trials report. not be higher than:
The S/P Trial shall be conducted in a loca- In case the wave height is derived from vis-
tion where the environmental conditions are ual observations:
constant and have only the smallest possible im-
pact on the vessel in order to avoid unexpected H 1.50 Lpp /100 (3)
environmental effects in the S/P Trial results.
where:
This means that the speed trial range shall be
located in a sheltered area (i.e. limited wind, LPP: Length between perpendiculars [m]
waves and current). Furthermore, the area shall
be free from hindering small boats and commer- The above limits are illustrated in Figure 1.
cial traffic.
1
The Beaufort scale is given in Appendix B
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VS2
h 2 B T and h 2 (6)
g
VS2
h 3 B T and h 2.75 (5)
g
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The parameters listed in table 2 shall be The quality and accuracy of model tests play
measured at the trial site. a large role in the outcome of full scale S/P Tri-
als. For some ship types, sea trials are normally
carried out in ballast condition, whereas the con-
tractual condition normally is defined in loaded
design condition. For the conversion from bal-
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last trial results to loaded condition, the differ- 7.6 Scope and conduct of the measure-
ence between the ballast and loaded model test ments
curves is used. Therefore, an accurate model test
and validated consistent extrapolation method to 7.6.1 Ship track and Speed over Ground
full scale is required.
The speed is to be measured by a global po-
For the analysis of the S/P Trials, i.e. to in- sitioning system such as GPS. The GPS system
clude the effect of the propeller loading in non- shall operate in the Differential mode to ensure
ideal conditions on the propulsion efficiency sufficient accuracy. The position and speed shall
and rpm, it is required that the model tests data be monitored and stored continuously.
include the results of propeller load variation
measurements as defined in Part 2.
7.6.2 Torque
Based on ITTC recommendations, the model
tests shall be conducted according to the follow- The calibration of the torque measurement
ing criteria: shall not be altered during the S/P Trials.
If use is made of the empirical wave correc- Prior to the S/P Trials, the weather forecast
tion methods described in Part 2 (without spe- shall be studied.
cific model tests) and provided that Double
In case wave height, period or wave direc-
Runs are conducted in head and following seas,
tion are derived from visual observation, the
and if the wave heights satisfies: H ≤ 1.50
schedule for the S/P Trials shall be arranged
Lpp /100 ) (see 6.3), the encountered wave such that all Speed Runs around EEDI Power
heights, periods and directions of both seas and are conducted by daylight.
swells may be determined from observations by
multiple experienced Mariners, including the It is important to check that the engine plant
Owner’s representative and the Verifier. In ad- line up during the S/P Trial is consistent with
dition to the wave observations, wave hind cast normal ship operations.
data provided by an experienced and independ-
ent weather office may be used. Before the actual start of the S/P Trials, the
following actions shall be taken when the vessel
is stopped in the water (within the schedule of
7.6.6 Density and temperature the trials):
The local seawater temperature and density
1. draught reading as described in section
at the trial site need to be recorded to enable the
5.1 and calculation of displacement,
calculation of the ship’s displacement and cor-
2. measurement of wind speed and direc-
rections with regard to viscosity. The water tem-
tion,
perature shall be taken at sea water inlet level.
3. zero setting of shaft torque meter,
Air temperature and pressure shall be measured
4. measurement of water temperature and
at the trial location using a calibrated thermom-
density.
eter and barometer.
Table 4 provides an indication of approach wave spectrum and the wave direction (both
lengths and corresponding times for various ship seas and swells) are derived by measurements,
speeds and sizes. these runs may also be conducted without day-
light.
Size of Approach Approach time [min]
ship distance If the results of the S/P Trials of the first ship
[DWT] [nm]
15 20 25 of a series are acceptable, Sister Ships may be
knots knots knots subjected to a reduced speed trial program. For
50,000 4–5 20 15 12 such Sister Ships it is sufficient to conduct three
100,000 5–7 26 20 16
250,000 8 – 10 40 30 24
(3) Double Runs at three (3) different power set-
500,000 12 – 15 60 45 36 tings:
Table 4 Indication of required approach length Double Run (at the same power setting)
and time around the Contract Power,
Double Run (at the same power setting)
8.7 Number of speed runs around EEDI Power (75% MCR),
Double Run at one other power setting be-
All S/P Trials shall be carried out using Dou- tween 65% and 100% MCR.
ble Runs, i.e. each run shall be followed by a re-
turn run in the exact opposite direction per- In case for the first of a series or a Sister Ship
formed with the same engine settings. at any power setting:
To determine the speed-power curve for the strong variations in current within a Dou-
first vessel of a ship series, a minimum number ble Run (i.e. above 0.3 knots) have been
of five (5) Double Runs at three (3) different derived from the analysed results (7.6.7),
power settings are required. or
wave height is around the limiting condi-
These runs comprise: tions and significant wave-induced ship
motions are observed,
Two (2) Double Runs (at the same power
setting) around the Contract Power, one (1) additional Double Run at that power set-
Two (2) Double Runs (at the same power ting shall be conducted.
setting) around EEDI Power (i.e. 75%
MCR), Test Sequence
Double Run for at least one other power
setting between 65% and 100% MCR. Fixing of Speed Run heading against direction
of the dominant wave system;
Two (2) Double Runs around Contract
Power and two (2) Double Runs around EEDI 1. Navigating through the approach dis-
Power are required to compensate for tidal cur- tance on direct course;
rents with sufficient accuracy. 2. Prepare all measurements to start;
3. Start Speed Run. Control levers shall re-
The runs at EEDI-power shall be conducted main unchanged, maximum rudder an-
by daylight to enable a clear visual observation gle shall not be more than 3 deg. port and
of the wave conditions. In case the encountered
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The data acquisition system shall be able to: 9.4 Manual data collection
Taft
Displacement
m
tons
Twater
ρwater
⁰C
kg/m3
inner dia D2
steel type
mm
N/mm2
Lon
Description
Figure 4 Sign convention for wind directions
Height of anemometer above water line: m
Relative wind Wind driven waves Swell Propeller PS Propeller SB The wind direction is defined as the direction
Forward Speed
Run No.
[-]
Time
[-]
/ Return
run
[F / R]
Heading
[deg]
(SOG)
[kn]
UKC
[m]
Speed
[kn] [m/s ]
Direction
[deg]
Height Direction
[m] [deg]
Period
[s ]
Height Direction
[m] [deg]
Period
[s ]
Torque
[kNm]
Power
[kW]
Revs
[RPM]
Torque
[kNm]
Power
[kW]
Revs
[RPM]
where the wind is coming from. Zero (0) degrees
on the bow and positive to starboard (clockwise).
Input parameters:
Computed parameters:
The wave direction is defined as the direc- EEDI conditions including EEDI speed,
tion where the waves are coming from. power and displacement.
Zero (0) degrees on the bow and positive to star-
board (clockwise). Description of Instrumentation describing
the instrument set-up, calibration procedure,
Input parameters: data acquisition interfacing details, location of
sensors (e.g. wind meter), etc.
Heading: Heading of the ship [deg]
Description of Trial Site. This will give in-
H1/3: Significant wave height (wind driven or formation on geography, distance from land,
swell) [m], water depth etc.
α: Angle between ship heading and wave Environment Parameters. This will list out
direction relative to the bow; 0 means head the measured/observed environmental condi-
waves [deg] tions at site during S/P Trials such as wave
height and -period, wave direction, air pressure,
VG: Ship Speed over ground [knots] wind direction, wind velocity, air temperature,
water temperature, water density etc.
10. REPORTING S/P Trial Agenda. This will give a complete
and chronological order of the trial programme
In the trial report, an overview is given of the
(both planned and actual) with specification of
trial conditions and all corrections that have
duties of different recording/monitoring stations
been applied to arrive at the Contract Speed and
on board.
the EEDI Speed.
The trial report shall contain all relevant in- Trial Results of each Speed Run
formation to carry out the data analysis. It shall Date and Time at start of Speed Run
be written in such a way that all results can be Run number
reprocessed. Ship’s position
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Analysis and Correction methods. The anal- [8] Boom, H.van den, H. Huisman and F. Men-
ysis and correction of the measured trial data nen: “New Guidelines for Speed/Power Tri-
shall be conducted in compliance with Part 2 of als”, SWZ/Maritime, Jan/Feb 2013.
these Guidelines.
[9] ]Hansa Int. Maritiem Journal 150th Year, No.
Conclusions. The Contract Speed and the 4, April 2013, Hansa-online.de/STA-JIP.pdf.
EEDI Speed derived from the S/P Trials analy-
sis have to be reported.
11. REFERENCES
Ship hull
Draught
Trim
Displacement
Propeller(s)
Geometry, deviations, roughness
Pitch
Direction of rotation
Number of blades
Trial site
Water depth
Water temperature
Air temperature
Sea state
Specific gravity of water
Environmental conditions
Wind
Waves
Current
Atmospheric pressure
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Procedures and Guidelines
Speed and Power Trials, Part 1 Effective Date Revision
2012 1.11
Preparation and Conduct
Probable Probable
Descriptive wave wave
term Mean veloc- height* in height* in
m s-1 km h-1 m.p.h. Land Sea Coast
ity in knots metres feet
0 Calm <1 0-0.2 <1 <1 Calm; smoke rises vertcally Sea like a mirror Calm - -
1 Light air 1-3 0.3-1.5 1-5 1-3 Direction of wind shown by Ripples with the appearance of Fishing smack just 0.1 ¼
smoke drift but not by scales are formed, but without has steerage way (0.1) (¼ )
wind vanes foam crests
2 Light 4-6 1.6-3.3 6-11 4-7 Wind felt on face; leaves Small wavelets, still short but of smacks which then 0.2 ½
breeze rustle; ordinary vanes more pronounced; crests have a travel at about 1–2 (0.3) (1)
moved by wind glassy appearance and do not knots
break
3 Gentle 7-10 3.4-5.4 12-19 8-12 Leaves and small twigs in Large wavelets; crests begin to Smacks begin to ca- 0.6 2
breeze constant motion; wind ex- break; foam of glassy appear- reen and travel about (1) (3)
tends light flag ance; perhaps scattered white 3–4 knots
horses
4 Moderate 11-16 5.5-7.9 20-28 13-18 Raises dust and loose pa- Small waves, becoming longer; Good working 1 3½
breeze per; small branches are fairly frequent white horses breeze, smacks carry (1.5) (5)
moved all canvas with good
list
5 Fresh 17-21 8.0-10.7 29-38 19-24 Small trees in leaf begin to
Moderate waves, taking a more Smacks shorten sail
2 6 (8½)
breeze sway; crested wavelets
pronounced long form; many (2.5)
form on inland waters
white horses are formed
(chance of some spray)
6 Strong 22-27 10.8-13.8 39-49 25-31 Large branches in motion; Large waves begin to form; the Smacks have double 3 9½
breeze whistling heard in telegraph white foam crests are more ex- reef in mainsail; care (4) (13)
wires; umbrellas used with tensive everywhere (probably required when fishing
difficulty some spray)
7 Near gale 28-33 13.9-17.1 50-61 32-38 Whole trees in motion; in- Sea heaps up and white foam Smacks remain in 4 13½
convenience felt when from breaking waves begins to harbour and those at (5.5) (19)
walking against wind be blown in streaks along the di- sea lie to
rection of the wind
8 Gale 34-40 17.2-20.7 62-74 39-46 Breaks twigs off trees; gen- Moderately high waves of All smacks make for 5.5 18
erally impedes progress greater length; edges of crests harbour, if near (7.5) (25)
begin to break into the spindrift;
the foam is blown in well-
marked streaks along the direc-
tion of the wind
9 Strong 41-47 20.8-24.4 75-88 47-54 Slight structural damage High waves; dense streaks of - 7 23
gale occurs (chimney pots and foam along the direction of the (10) (32)
slates removed) wind; crests of waves begin to
topple, tumble and roll over;
spray may affect visibility
10 Storm 48-55 24.5-28.4 89-102 55-63 Seldom experienced inland; Very high waves with long over- - 9 29
trees uprooted; considera- hanging crests; the resulting (12.5) (41)
ble structural damage oc- foam, in great patches, is blown
curs in dense white streaks along the
direction of the wind; on the
whole, the surface of the sea
takes on a white appearance;
the tumbling of the sea becomes
heavy and shock- like; visibility
affected
11 Violent 55-63 28.5-32.6 103-117 64-72 Very rarely experienced; Exceptionally high waves (small - 11.5 37
storm accompanied by wide- and medium-sized ships might (16) (52)
spread damage be for a time lost to view behind
the waves); the sea is com-
pletely covered with long white
patches of foam lying along the
direction of the wind; every-
where the edges of the wave
crests are blown into froth; visi-
bility affected
12 Hurricane 64 and 32.7 and 118 and 73 and - The air is filled with foam and - 14 45
over over over over spray; sea completely white with (-) (-)
driving spray; visibility very seri-
ously affected
* This table is only intended as a guide to show roughly what may be expected in the open sea, remote from land. It shall never be used in the reverse way;
i.e., for logging or reporting the state of the sea. In enclosed waters, or when near land, with an off-shore wind, wave heights will be smaller and the waves
steeper. Figures in brackets indicate the probable maximum height of waves. (ref[7])
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Procedures and Guidelines
Speed and Power Trials, Part 1 Effective Date Revision
2012 1.11
Preparation and Conduct
N o t e s:
(1) * These values refer to well-developed wind waves of the open sea. While priority shall be given to the descriptive
terms, these height values may be used for guidance by the observer when reporting the total state of
agitation of the sea resulting from various factors such as wind, swell, currents, angle between swell and
wind, etc.
(2) The exact bounding height shall be assigned for the lower code figure; e.g. a height of 4 m is coded as 5.
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Procedures and Guidelines
Speed and Power Trials, Part 1 Effective Date Revision
2012 1.11
Preparation and Conduct
Forwa rd Speed
Run No. Ti me Hea di ng UKC Speed Di recti on Hei ght Di recti on Peri od Hei ght Di recti on Peri od Torque Power Revs Torque Power Revs
/ Return (SOG)
run
[-] [-] [F / R] [deg] [kn] [m] [kn] [m/s ] [deg] [m] [deg] [s ] [m] [deg] [s ] [kNm] [kW] [RPM] [kNm] [kW] [RPM]