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ÿ GUYEN TRIEU QUAN 201404068

Study these examples:

How shall we travel? Shall we drive or go by train?

Let's drive. it's cheaper.
Don't go by train. lt's more expensive.
Cheaper and more expensive a re comparative forms.

After comparatives you can use than (see Unit 107):

0 lt's cheaper to drive than go by train .
0 Going by train is more expensive than driving.

The compa rative form is -er or more .. . .

We use -er for sho rt words (one syllable): We use more .. . for longer words (two
syllables or more) :
cheap --t cheaper fast --t faster more serious more often
Large --t larger thin --t thinner more expensive more comfortable
We a lso use -er for two-syllab le words that We also use more ... for adverbs that end
e nd in -y (-y --t ier): in -ly:
lucky --t luckier early --t earlier more slowly more seriously
easy --t easier pretty --t prettier more easily more quietly
For spelling, see Appendix 6.

Compare these examples:

0 Yo u're older than me. 0 You 're more patient th an me.

0 The exam was quite easy - easier t han :J The exam was q uite difficult- more
I expected. difficult than I expected.
C Ca n you walk a bit faster? 0 Can you walk a bit more slowly?
0 I'd like to have a bigger car. 0 I'd li ke t o have a more reliable ca r.
0 Last night I went to bed earlier than 0 I don 't play tennis much these days.
usual. I used to play more often.

You can use -er or more ... with some two-syllable adjectives, especially:
clever narrow quiet shallow simple
0 it's too noisy here. Can we go somewhere quieter I more quiet?
A few adjectives and adverbs have irregular comparative forms:
good/well --t better
0 The garden looks better since yo u t id ied it up.
0 I know him well - probably better than anybody else knows hi m .
bad/badly --t worse
0 'How's your headache? Better?' 'No, it's worse.'
0 He did very badly in the exam - worse than expected .
far --t further (or farther)
0 it's a long walk from here to t he park - further than I thoug ht. (or farther than)
Further (but not fart her) ca n a lso mean 'more' or 'additional':
0 Let me know if you hear any further news. (= any m ore news)

Compa rison 2-3 -+ Units 106- 107 Superlat ives (cheapest I most expensive etc.) -+ Unit 108
 Unit
Exercises .. 105
liliillll' Complete the sentences using a comparative form (older I more important etc.) .
1 lt's too noisy here. Can we go somewhere ..... ?
2 This coffee is very weak. I like it .. . ......stronger
.. .... ... . ....................................... ......... .
3 The hotel was surprisingly big. I expected it to be .. . ....... smaller
..................... ......... ....... . ..................... .
4 The hotel was surprisingly chea p. I expected it to be .. more....expensive
. ..... ................. .... ...................... .
5 The weather is too cold here. I'd like to live somewhere ......... warmer
.... .......................... ...................... ..................... .
6 My job is a bit boring sometimes. I'd like to do something .. ... .... .... . ..... more ....... interesting
..
7 lt's a shame you live so far away. I wish you lived nearlier ...... ........................................ ....................
8 I was surprised how easy it was to get a job. I thought it wo uld be ..... harder ......... ... ...... .. .......
9 Your work isn't very good. I'm sure you can do .... better ........ ..... . ...... . ..... . .. ................ .
10 Don't worry. The situation isn't so bad. lt could be ....... worse .. ..................................
11 I was surprised we got here so quickly. I expected the t rip to take slower ........ .... .. .. .
more quietly
12 You 're talking very loudly. Can you speak ............................................. .. .... ................................ ?
13 You hardly ever call me. Why don't you call me . . ........ ... easier ..... ............ ...... .. ................ ?
further
14 You're standing too near the camera. Can you move a bit .............................................................. away?
15 You were a little depressed yesterday, but you look .............. happier ...... . ........ ...... ......... ..... . .. today.

• •" Complete the sentences. Use the comparative forms of the words in the box. Use than
where necessary.

big crowded early easily high important

interested peaceful reliable serious simple thin

1 I was feeling tired last night, so I went to bed t}:l_(bn . usual.

2 I'd like to have a ..... car. The one I have keeps breaking down.
3 Unfortunately her illness was . ..................... seriously than
.... ......... .... .......... ... .... . ..... we thought at first.
4 You look ...... thinner ...... . .......... ... ......... . ....... . ......... .. ...... . Have you lost weight?
5 bigger
I want a ... ............ ... ...... ......... .. .. ............................. ......................... . apartment. We don't have enough space here.
6 He doesn't study very hard. He's ...... ..... ............ ........interested .... . ..... ...... than.. . .... .. ...... .... in havi ng a good time .
7 important than
Health and happiness are ............................................. ................................................... money.
8 The instructions were very complicated. They could have been ....... easier . .... .. ................. .
9 There were a lot of people on the bus. lt was . ....... crowder . ......... ..................
than ... ........ ........ ....... ...... usual.
10 I like living in the country. lt's ....... .... peaceful . ..................................................................................
than living in a town.
11 You'll find your way around the town ..... . ... ......... . ......... simpler .... . .... . . if you have a good map.
12 In some parts of the country, prices are ...... ............................................... higher ................................................. in others.

- Read the situations and complete the sentences. Use a comparative form (-er or more ... ).
1 Yesterday the temperature was six degrees. Today it's only three degrees.
lt's .... .... -ch..QJ1 ...... it was yesterday.
2 The journey takes four hours by car and five hours by train.
slower
lt takes .................. ........ journey
. ....... .........by..................
train than ........... ....... .. ....... ............. . ......... by car.

3 Dan and I went for a run. I ran ten kilometres. Dan stopped after eight ki lometres.
I ran ..............................
further than ......... ..................................... ................................................................................................................................................ Dan.

4 Chris and Joe both did badly in the test. Chris got 30 %, but Joe only got 25%.
joe did . .. ..... .. .... . . ....... better than ..... ... ...... . ........... ..... ...... .. . ...... .... Chris in the test.
5 I expected my friends to arrive at about 4 o'clock. In fact they arrived at 2.30.
My fri ends ......................................................................
arrived earlier than ........................................................................................................................ I expected .
6 You can go by bus or by train. The buses run every 30 minutes. The trains run every hour.
Th e buses ........ ....... .. .... . ..... .......... ..more
....... often than
.. ....... ....................................................... ................................................................ the trains.

7 We were very busy in the office today. We' re not usually so bu sy.
We .......... .................................................................................
are bussier than ................ .. . ..... .............. ....... .............. usua l in the office today.

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Study this example situation:

Sarah, joe and David are all very rich.

Sarah has $20 million, Joe has $15 million
and David has $10 million. So:
joe is rich.
He is richer than David.
But he isn't as rich as Sarah.
(= Sarah is richer than he is)

SARAH )OE DAV/0

Some more examples of not as ... (as):

0 jack isn't as old as he looks. (= he looks older than he is)
0 The town centre wasn't as crowded as usual. (=it is usually more crowded)
0 Lisa didn't do as well in the exam as she had hoped. (=she had hoped to do better)
0 The weather is better today. lt's not as cold. (=yesterday was colder than today)
0 I don't know as many people as you do. (=you know more people than me)
0 'How much did it cost? Fifty pounds?' •No, not as much as that.' (=Less than fifty pounds)
You can also say not so ... (as):
,:=lt's not warm, but it isn't so cold as yesterday. (= it isn 't as cold as ... )
less ... than is similar to not as ... as:
0 I spent Less money than you. (= I didn't spend as much money as you)
0 The city centre was Less crowded than usual. (=it wasn't as crowded as usual)
8 I play tennis Less than I used to. (=I don't play as much as I used to)

We also use as ... as (but not so ... as) in positive sentences and in questions:
0 I'm sorry I'm late. I got here as fast as I could.
0 There's plenty of food. You can have as much as you want.
0 Let's walk. lt's just as quick as taking the bus.
0 Can you send me the information as soon as possible, please?
Also twice as ... as, three times as ... as etc. :
0 Petrol is twice as expensive as it was a few years ago.
0 Their house is about three times as big as ours.

We say the same as (not the same like):

0 Laura's salary is the same as mine. or Laura gets the same salary as me.
0 David is the same age as james.
0 Sarah hasn't changed. She still looks the same as she did ten years ago.

Than me I than I am etc.

You can say:
0 You're taller than me. or You're taller than I am.
(not usually You're taller than I)
C He's not as clever as her. or He's not as clever as she is.
0 They have more money than us. or They have more money than we have.
0 I can't run as fast as him. or I can 't run as fast as he can.

Compari son 1- 2 -+ Units 105-10 6 As long as-+ Unit 115B As and Like-+ Unit 117
 Unit
Exercises 107
lilll• Complete the sentences using as ... as.
1 I'm tall, but you are taller. I'm not .... ... ....... .
2 My salary is high, but yours is higher. My salary isn't . . ..as high.. as
............ ..... .you. ...... .. .............. . .. ....... ............................. .
3 You know a bit about cars, but I know more.
know as much as me ...................................................................................................................... ................ ..... .
You don't .................................................
4 We are busy today, but we were busier yesterday.
We aren't ... . as .........
bussier.................as..............
yesterday ..... . ......... .. .. ............................................... ................................... .................................................... .
5 I still feel bad, but I felt a lot worse earlier.
?
I don't .................................................................................. ......... ................................................................................................................ .
6 Our neighbours have lived here for quite a long time, but we've lived here longer.
Our neighbours haven't ....... live as long
..... ............ as we
. ....... ............ .... ....... ........ ... .................. ....... . ........... .. ......................................................... .
7 I was a little nervous before the interview, but usually I'm a lot more nervous.
nervous
I wasn't ........ . ........... as much
................................. as ........
. ........ before ........the interview
... ......... . ............. ...... ........................ ... .... ........... ....... . ....... .... . .......... .

G Write a new sentence with the same meaning.

1 jack is younger than he looks. jack isn't ..... .. .. .... .... ...
2 I didn 't spend as much money as you. You .. ... ... .. J?:!®... .. .
3 as far as i thought
The station was nearer than I thought. The station wasn't .............................................................................................. .
4 The meal didn't cost as much as I expected . The meal cost .............................. ...... ................................................ less than i expected .
5 I go out less than I used to. I don't .........go ............
out as ..........................................................................................
much as i used to ......... ....... .
6 Karen's hair isn't as long as it used to be. Karen used to ............................................................................................. have a longer hair .
7 I know them better than you do. You don't .... know them as
.......................... much
............ .. .......as me
............................. .. ...... . ........... ................... .
8 There are fewer people at this meeting than at the last one.
There aren 't ....... ...more
......... ....................
people ........... than...........
the last .........one. . ....... . ..... ......................................................................................... .

- Complete the sentences using as ... as+ the following:

bad comfortable fast hard Long often quietly soon well

1 I'm sorry I'm late. I got here . ... .... ..... I could.
2 lt was a difficult question. I answered it .... . well as . ......... ..... .... .. .... ... I could.
as
3 'How long can I stay with you?' 'You can stay .....................................................................................
as long as you like.'
4 I need the information quickly, so let me know .. ....as ..... .......................
soon as ............. ........ ... ....... possible.
5 I like to keep fit, so I go swimming ..... as. .....
often..................................................
as I can.
6 I didn't want to wake anybody, so I came in ......................... .........................................
as quietly as . I could.

In the following sentences use just as .. . as.

7 I'm going to sleep on the floor. lt's ............ ........ ... ...............
as comfortable as .............. ..... the bed.
8 You always say how tiring your job is, but I work ........................ ....................................
as hard .....................................
as you.
as bad as
9 At first I thought he was nice, but really he's ............................................................................................ everybody else.

- Write sentences using the same as.

1 David an d james are both 22 years old. David ...... .. .... .. .... ....... james.
2 You and I both have dark brown hair. Your hair ........... is.......the.. ..........
same colour as
........................................................... .............. mine.
3 I arrived at 10.25 and so did you. I arrived ...............................................
at the same time .......................................
as .........................................you .
4 is the same day as Tom's.
My birthday is 5 April. lt's Tom's birthday too. My birthday ...........................................................................

- Complete the sentences with than ... or as ... .

1 I can't reach as high as you. You are taller ..... t.t!.@.. ..... .
2 than him
He doesn't know mu ch. I know more ................... ........ ...................................... .
3 as me
I don't work particularly hard. Most people work as hard ....................................................................... .
4 We were very surprised. Nobody was more surprised ..................... than us .................................................... .
5 than her.
She's not a very good player. I'm a better player .................................................................
6 as them
Th ey've been very lucky. I wish we were as lucky ............................................................................ .

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Study these examples:

What is the Longest river in the world?

What was the most enjoyable holiday you 've ever had?

Longest and most enjoyable are superlative forms .

The superlative form is -est or most .. .. In general, we use -est for short words and most ...
for longer words. The rules are the same as those fo r the comparative- see Unit 105.
Long ----7 longest hot ----7 hottest easy ----7 easiest hard ----7 hardest
but most famous most boring most difficult most expensive
A few adjectives are irregular:
good ----7 best bad ----7 worst far ----7 furthest/farthest
For spelling, see Append ix 6.

We normally use the before a superlative (the longest I the most famous etc.):
.:=] Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.
0 The movie was really boring. lt's the most boring movie I've ever seen.
0 She is a really nice person- one of the nicest people I know.
C Why does he always come to see me at the worst possible time?
Compare superlative and comparative:
0 This hotel is the cheapest in town. (superlative)
lt's cheaper than all the others in town. (comparative)
0 He's the most patient person I've ever met.
He's much more patient than I am .

Oldest and eldest

The superlative of old is oldest:
C That church is the oldest building in the town. (not the eldest)
We use eldest (or oldest) when we are talking about people in a family:
0 My eldest son is 13 years old. (or My oldest son)
0 Are you the eldest in your family? (or t he oldest)
After superlatives we normally use in with places:
0 What 's the longest river in the world? (not of t he world)
C We had a nice room. lt was one of the best in the hotel. (not of t he hotel)
We also use in for organisations and groups of people (a class I a company et c.):
0 Who is the youngest student in the class? (not of t he class)
For a peri od of timel we normally use of:
:J Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.
0 What was the happiest day of your life?
We often use the present perfect (I have done) after a superlative (see also Unit BA):
0 What's the most important decision you've ever had to make?
0 That was the best holiday I've had for a long time.

Comparison (cheaper I more expensive etc.) -+ Units 105- 107 Eld er-+ Un it 106E
Exercises
1111_, Complete the sentences. Use a superlative (-est or most ... )+ a preposition (of or in).
1 Ifs a very good room. lt's ... rqgm _ the hotel.
2 it's a very cheap restaurant. it's .... the
...........cheapest restaurant
. ....... .... ............ in
......... .................... ...... ......................................... the town.
3 lt was a very happy day. lt was ................. __ ........ .................. ..................... _ ........... day
the happiest in ..................... __ my life.
.... ........
4 She's a very intelligent student. She's the..........
most... intelligent student
............................... in
........................................................ the class.
5 it's a very valuable painting. lt's the .......
......... . ........... most valueable
... ......... painting in the gallery.
......... .....................................
6 Spring is a very busy time for me. Ifs ........... . ........................................................
the bussiest time in ......................................... the year.

In the following sentences use one of+ a superlative+ a preposition.

7 Ifs a very good room. it's ..... qf. __ r9.9..m?.... ..... the hotel.
8 of the richest
He's a very rich man . He's one ............................................ man.............................
......................... in ..... ........................... the country.
9 it's a very big castle. it's one
........................................
of the biggest _castle ............. _......................
in .............. ........................ ..... _.......... Europe.
10 one of the best player in the team.
She's a very good player. She's ............................................................ .......................................................................
11 lt was a very bad experience. lt was ... .. ............ one of.. .................................................................................
the worse experience my life.
12 it's a very famous university. it's ...................................................................................................................................
one in of the famoust university in the world.

Complete the sentences. Use a superlative (-est or most ... ) or a comparative (-er or more ... ).
1 We stayed at . ... .... hotel in the town. (cheap)
2 Our hotel was ... .... than all the others in the town. (cheap)
3 The United States is very large, but Canada is ........................... larger . . ........ ........ .... ...... ........... . (large)
4 What's ...... .......... . the
.....................
smallest ..... .............. .... . ...... _country in the world? (small)
5 I wasn't feeling well yesterday, but I feel a bit .............. better ........... . .... . . .. ..... _.......... _ ...... today. (good)
6 the worse
lt was an awful day. lt was ................................................................. ......... ............ day of my life. (bad)
7 the most
What is ................... popular
.. ....... ........ .................. . .......... ......... . ......... sport in your cou ntry? (popular)
8 Everest is ............................................................................................
the highest mountain in the world. lt is ..............................................................
higher .
than any other mountain. (high)
9 the tallest
This building is over 250 metres high, but it's not .............................................................................................. in the city.
(tall)
10 I prefer this chair to the other one. it's ... ............................ the most...............
comfortable .............................................................. . (comfortable)
11 What's ... the ........quickliest
........... .... ... ...................... ............ way to get to the station? (quick)
12 more quickly
Which is .............................................................................................. - the bus or the train? (quick)
13 What's .... . ..... the....... most expensive
.................. ..... ......... ......................... thing you 've ever bought? (expensive)
14 Sue and Kevin have got three daughters. .................................................... the oldest ..................................... is 14 yea rs old. (old)

What do you say in these situations? Use a superlative+ ever. Use the words in brackets (in the
correct form) .
1 You've ju st bee n t o the cinema . The movie was extremely boring. You tell your fri end:
(boring I movie I see) That's .. ___ . _mo_Y.i&... .. __ ..... _ .................................... .

2 Your fri end has just told you a joke, which you think is very funny. You say:
the funniest joke i've ever hear
(funny I joke I hear) That's ......................................................................................................... ........................................................................ .

3 You're drinking coffee with a fri end . it's really good coffee. You say:
(good I coffee I taste) This .........................................................................................................................................................
is the best coffe i've ever taste .............................. .

4 You are talking to a friend about Sarah. Sa rah is very generous. You tell your friend about her:
is the generousest
(generous I person I meet) She . . ................................. person
....................... i've ever
...................... meet
........... .......................... ................................ ..
5 You have just run ten kilometres. You've never run further than this. You say t o your friend:
(far I run) That ................ is.................................................
the fastest i've ever run
....... .................................. ............................................. ........ ................................... .

6 You decid ed to give up your job. Now you think this was a bad mistake. You say to your friend:
is the worse mistake i've make
(bad I mistake I make) lt ...................................................................................................................................................................................... .

7 Your friend meet s a lot of people, some of them fa mous. You ask your friend:
(famous I person I m eet?) Who ..........................................................................................................................................................................
is the most farmous person you've meet ?

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