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MUCLecture 2023 12535120

The document discusses C++ arrays, which allow storing a fixed number of elements of the same type sequentially in memory. Arrays are declared with a type followed by a name and size, such as int numbers[100]. Individual elements are accessed via an index number starting from 0. Arrays store elements contiguously in memory, with the first element at the lowest address and last at highest. One-dimensional arrays store a list of related variables sequentially. Elements can be accessed and changed using their index number.

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مطهر عبد الحكيم
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174 views4 pages

MUCLecture 2023 12535120

The document discusses C++ arrays, which allow storing a fixed number of elements of the same type sequentially in memory. Arrays are declared with a type followed by a name and size, such as int numbers[100]. Individual elements are accessed via an index number starting from 0. Arrays store elements contiguously in memory, with the first element at the lowest address and last at highest. One-dimensional arrays store a list of related variables sequentially. Elements can be accessed and changed using their index number.

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مطهر عبد الحكيم
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Computer Skills & Programming I MSc.

Baraa Hashim Kareem

Lecture 6: C++ Arrays


C++ provides a data structure, the array, which stores a fixed-size sequential
collection of elements of the same type. An array is used to store a collection of
data, but it is often more useful to think of an array as a collection of variables
of the same type.
Instead of declaring individual variables, such as number 0, number1, ..., and
number99, you declare one array variable such as numbers and use numbers
[0], numbers [1], and ..., numbers[99] to represent individual variables. A
specific element in an array is accessed by an index. All arrays consist of
contiguous memory locations. The lowest address corresponds to the first
element and the highest address to the last element.

Figure 1: An array of 12 elements


You refer to any one of these elements by giving the array name followed by
the particular element’s position number in square brackets ( [] ).
• The position number is more formally called a subscript or index (this
number specifies the number of elements from the beginning of the array).
• The first element has subscript 0 (zero) and is sometimes called the zeroth
element.
• Thus, the elements of array c are c[0] (pronounced “ c of zero ”), c[1] , c[2]

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Computer Skills & Programming I MSc. Baraa Hashim Kareem

and so on.
• Array names follow the same conventions as other variable names.
Declaring Arrays: To declare an array in C++, the programmer
specifies the type of the elements and the number of elements required
by an array as follows:

Syntax
type arrayName [ arraySize ];

Arrays offer a convenient means of grouping together several related variables,


in one dimension or more dimensions:

product part numbers:

int part_numbers[4] = {123, 326, 178, 1209};

• student scores:

int scores[10] = {1, 3, 4, 5, 1, 3, 2, 3, 4, 4};

• characters:

char alphabet[5] = {’A’, ’B’, ’C’, ’D’, ’E’};

• names:

char names[5] = {“Peter”, “Mary”, “Lisa”, “John”, "George-Simon"};

One-Dimensional Arrays
A one-dimensional array is a list of related variables. The general form of a one-
dimensional array declaration is:

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Computer Skills & Programming I MSc. Baraa Hashim Kareem

Examples:

int sample[10];

float float_numbers[100];

char last_name[40];

Accessing Array Elements

An individual element within an array is accessed by use of an index. An index


describes the position of an element within an array.

Note: In C++ the first element has the index zero!

Example: Load the array sample with the numbers 02 through 92


#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int sample[10]; // reserves for 10 integers
int t;
// initialize the array
for(t=0; t<10; ++t) sample[t] = t*t;
// display the array
for(t=0; t<10; ++t)
cout << sample[t] << ' ';
return(0);
}

Representation of Arrays in Memory


In C++, any array is mapped to a contiguous memory location. All memory
elements reside next to each other. The lowest address corresponds to the
first element and the highest address to the last element.
Example:
int a[8];
int j;
for(j=0; j<8; j++) a[j] = 7-j;

Then the memory representation of the array looks like this:

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Computer Skills & Programming I MSc. Baraa Hashim Kareem

Change an Array Element


To change the value of a specific element, refer to the index number:

Example
string cars[4] = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford", "Mazda"};
cars[0] = "Opel";
cout << cars[0];
// Now outputs Opel instead of Volvo

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{int b [] = {11, 45, 62, 70, 88};
cout << b[0] << endl;

//Outputs 11
cout << b[3] << endl;
}

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