Development Stages in Middle and Late Adolescence

Ages of Adolescence

1. Early adolescence (10-13)

2. Middle adolescence (14-16)
3. Late adolescence (17-20)

Erik Erikson’s
He was German-born American developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst known his theory on
psychosocial development of human beings.

PERIOD OF INFLUENTIAL PSYCHOSOCIAL POSSIBLE RESULTS FROM RESOLVING CONFLICT OR

TIME FIGURE CONFLICT CRISIS
FAVORABLE RESULT UNFAVORABLE RESULTS
INFANCY (birth- Parents Trust vs. mistrust - Being able to trust others - Mistrusting others
18 months) when primary caregiver withdrawal or
(usually the mother) provides estrangement
caring, attention, and love.
EARLY Parents Autonomy vs. - Develops self-control and - Failure will result in
CHILDHOOD shame or doubt physical skills, and sense of feelings of shame and
independence without losing doubt
(18 months- 3 self-esteem. - Compulsive self-restraint
yrs.) - Ability to cooperate and to or compliance
express oneself.
LATE Parents and Initiative vs. guilt - Learns that being assertive, - When using too much
CHILDHOOD Teachers using power, and being power and control, might
(pre-school; 3- 5 purposeful can influence their experience disapproval
yrs.) environment. resulting in lack self
- Develops sense of a purpose confidence and sense of
- Starts to evaluate one’s guilt.
behavior
SCHOOL AGE Parents and Industry vs. - Learns how to cope with the - Loss hope, sense of
Teachers Inferiority school environment and its being mediocre
demands. - Develops feelings of
- Learns how to create, inferiority
develop, and manipulate. - Withdrawal from school
and peers
YOUNG Teachers and Identify vs. role - Develops a sense of self and - Feelings of confusion,
ADOLESCENCE Significant confusion identity indecisiveness, and anti-
(12- 20 yrs.) Other - Plans to actualize one’s social behavior
abilities - Weak sense of self
- Develops that ability to stay to
true to oneself
ADOLESCENCE Friends Intimacy vs - Develops a strong need to - Impersonal, weak
(20-25 yrs.) isolation form intimate, loving relationships
relationship with a group of - Avoidance of relationship,
people or with another person career, or lifestyle
- Develops strong relationship commitments
- Learns commitment to work - May result in isolation
and with another person or and loneliness
group
ADULTHOOD Community Generativity vs. - Creates or nurtures things that - Self-indulgence, self-
(25-65 yrs.) Stagnation will outlast them, either by concern, or lack of
having children or creating a interests and
positive change that benefits commitments
others - Shallow involvement in
- Creativity, productivity, feeling world, pessimism
of usefulness and
accomplishment, and concern
for others
MATURITY (65 Community Integrity vs Despair - Sense of fulfillment as one - Sense of loss, contempt
 yrs.- death) looks back in one’s life and for others
develops feeling of wisdoms - May result in regret,
- Acceptance of worth and bitterness and despair
uniqueness of one’s own life
- Acceptance of the inevitability
of death and transitioning

Adolescence Identity vs. Role Confusion

- During this stage, adolescents explore their independence and develop a sense of self.
- This conflict is centered on developing a personal identity. Successfully completing this stage leads to a strong sense
of self that will remain throughout life.

Changes during Adolescence

The period between childhood and young adulthood is a period of rapid change- physical, emotional, cognitive, and
social. During this time, children’s bodies change in different ways at different times.
For GIRLS, you might start to see early physical changes from about 8 to 13 years old.
Physical changes around puberty include:
 Breast development  Growth of pubic and body hair
 Change in body shape and height  The start of periods (menstruation)
For BOYS, physical changes start around 9 to 14 years old.
Physical changes include:
 Growth of the penis and testes (testicles)  Growth of body and facial hair
 Changes in body shape and height  Changes to voice
 Erection with ejaculation or masturbation

Adolescence and Social Behavior

Adolescence is the period of developmental transition between childhood and adulthood.
It involves changes in personality, as well as in physical, intellectual and social development.
The key issues that can have an impact on a teen’s social development.
1. Self-esteem is how you feel about yourself.
2. Peer pressure- as children grow, they begin to spend more time with their friends and less time with their
parents.
3. Teens and Sex- talking with your teenager is important to help him or her develop healthy attitudes towards sex
and to learn responsible sexual behavior.

Skills and Task Appropriate for Middle and Late Adolescence

1. Adjust to sexually maturing bodies and feelings
Being aware of the bodily changes happening, managing sexual feelings, and engaging in healthy sexual behaviors.
2. Develop and apply abstract thinking skills
Effectively understand and coordinate abstract ideas, thinking our possibilities, trying out theories, planning ahead,
reflecting on how and what they are thinking.
3. Develop and apply new perspective on human relationship
Developing the capacity for compassion by learning how to put themselves in “somebody else’s shoes” in order to
understand other people’s people feelings and perspectives.
4. Develop and apply new coping skills in areas such as decision-making problem solving and conflict
resolution.
They should be able to project towards the future and see the consequences of their decisions.
5. Identify meaning and moral standards, value and beliefs systems
Because of their idealism, adolescents develop more complex understanding of morality, justice, and compassion that
leads to the formation of their own beliefs systems that will guide their decisions and behaviors.
6. Understand and express more complex emotional experiences
Understanding the emotions and feelings of other persons, and learning how to detach themselves from emotional
situations whenever the need arises.
7. Form friendships that are mutually close supportive
Learning how to trust others is an important task for an adolescent to develop.
8. Establish key aspects of identify
Be encouraged to develop their own healthy self-concepts that reflect their uniqueness in relation to themselves, their
families and friends, and with the bigger community.
9. Meet the demands of increasingly mature roles and responsibilities
Acquire skills and knowledge that will provide him with meaningful careers and jobs to live up to the expectations
regarding commitment to family, community, and nation-building.
10. Renegotiate relationships with adults in parenting roles
In the Philippine setting, this is not as pronounced as with other western cultures. However, Filipino adolescents should be
able to communicate with their parents their need for a certain degree of independence as they mature to young
adulthood.