k]6]06 l8hfog / 6«]8dfs{ P]g, @)@@

nfndf] x/ / k| sfzg ldlt

@)@@.%.!$
;+ zf] wg ug]{ P] g
!= k] 6]06, l8hfog / 6«] 8dfs{ -klxnf] ;+ zf] wg_ P] g, @)$$ @)$$.&.!
@= Gofo k| zf;g P] g, @)$* @)$*.@.!^
k| df0fLs/0f / k| sfzg ldlt
#= lgsf;L k} 7f/L tyf af}l¢s ;DklQ ;DaGwL s]x L g]k fn P]g ;+ zf] w g ug{] P] g, @)^# @)^#÷*÷*

@)@@ ;fnsf] P]g g++= !%

k]6 ]06 l8hfog / 6«]8dfs{s f] btf{ ug{ Joj:yf ug{ ag]s f] P]g
k|:tfjgf M ;j{ ;fwf/0f hgtfsf] ;'ljwf tyf cfly{ s lxtsf] lgldQ k] 6]06 l8hfog / 6«] 8dfs{ sf
;DaGwdf ;dof]l rt sfg" g L Joj:yf ug{ jf~5gLo ePsf] n],
>L % dxf/fhflw/fh dx] Gb| jL/ ljqmd zfxb] jaf6 /fli6« o k~rfotsf] ;Nnfx / ;Ddltn] of] P]g
agfO{aS;]sf] 5 .
kl/R5]b– !
k|f/lDes syg
!= ;+lIfKt gfd, lj:tf/ / k|f/De M -!_ o; P]gsf] gfd k]6]0 6 l8hfog / 6«] 8dfs{ P]g , @)@@
/x]s f]5 .
-@_ of] P]g g] kfn/fHo e/ nfu" x' g]5 .
-#_ of] P] g t' ¿Gt k|f/De x'g] 5 .
@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k| ;·n] csf]{ cy{ gnfu] df o; P]g df,–
-s_ æk] 6]06Æ eGgfn] s' g} kbfy{ jf kbfy{ ;d" xsf] agfj6, ;~rfng jf k| ;f/sf] gofF pkfo
jf t/Lsf ;DaGwL jf s' g} gofF l;4fGt jf kmd'{ nfåf/f kQf nufOPsf] s' g} pkof]uL
cfljisf/ ;D´g' k5{ .
-v_ æl8hfOgÆ eGgfn] s' g} k|sf/n] tof/ u/L agfO{P sf] j:t'sf] 5fF 6 ¿k jf cfsf/ ;D´g'
k5{ .

1
 ♣+
-u_ æ6«] 8 dfs{Æ eGgfn] s'g} kmd{, sDkgL jf JolQmn] cfˆgf] pTkflbt dfn;fdfg jf cfk" mn]
k|bfg ug]{ ;]jfnfO{ c¿sf] dfn;fdfg jf ;]jfaf6 km/s b] vfpg k| of] u ul/g] zAb, lrGx
jf lrq jf zAb, lrGx / lrq ltg} s'/fsf] ;+ of]u ;D´g' k5{ .
-3_ æljefuÆ eGgfn] g]k fn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;" rgf k|s flzt u/L tf]l slbPsf]
ljefu ;D´g' k5{ / To:tf] gtf]lsP;Dd pBf] u ljefunfO{ ;D´g' k5{ .
-ª_ æcg' ;"rLÆ eGgfn] o; P] gsf] cg';"r L ;D´g' k5{ .


-r_ ætf]lsPsf] Æ jf ætf]lsPadf]l hdsf] Æ eGgfn] of] P]g cGtu{ tsf] lgod jf cfb]z df
tf]lsPsf] jf tf]l sPadf]l hdsf] ;D´g' k5{ .
kl/R5]b–@
k]6 ]06
#= k]6]06 pk/ clwsf/ k|fKt ug]
ug{ M -!_ s'g} k] 6]0 6 pk/ clwsf/ k|fKt ug{ rfxg] JolQmn] ;f]
k] 6]0 6 o; P]gadf]l hd cfˆgf] gfddf btf{ u/fpg' k5{ .
∇
-@_ o; P] g adf]lhd s' g} JolQmsf] gfddf btf{ ePsf] k]6]06 c? s;} n] gSsn ug{ jf
bkmf @!3= adf]lhd cfˆgf] gfddf gfd;f/L gu/fO{ jf k| of] usf] lgldQ lnlvt ?kdf cg' dlt
glnO{ cfˆgf] jf c?sf] gfdaf6 k|of]u ug{ u/fpg x'Fb}g .

-#_ ============
$= k]6]06 pk/ clwsf/ k|fKt ug{ b/vf:t lbg' kg]{ M -!_ s'g} k] 6]0 6 cfkmgf] gfddf btf{ u/fpg
rfxg] JolQmn] cfkmgf] eP;Ddsf] ;a"b k| d f0f ;lxt lgDglnlvt s'/ fx¿ v' nfO{ cg' ;"rL–!
-s_ adf]l hdsf] 9fF rfdf ljefudf b/vf:t lbg' k5{ .
-s_ ;f] k]6]06 cfljisf/ ug]{ JolQmsf] gfd, 7]ufgf / k] zf,
-v_ b/vf:tjfnf cfkm}n] ;f] k]6]06 cfljisf/ u/]sf] gePdf ;f] cfljisf/
ug]{ JolQmaf6 b/vf:tjfnfn] s] s' g lsl;daf6 s:tf] xs k| fKt u/] sf]
xf] ,
-u_ ;f] k]6]06 agfpg] ;~rfng jf pkof] u ug]{ t/Lsf,

♣
klxnf] ;+ zf]w g4f/f ;+zf]l wt .


klxnf] ;+ zf]w g4f/f yk .
∇ lgsf;L k} 7f/L tyf af}l¢s ;DklQ ;DaGwL s]xL g] kfn P]g ;+ zf]w g ug{] P] g, @)^# 4f/f ;+ zf]w g .

lgsf;L k}7f/L tyf af}l ¢s ;DklQ ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P] g ;+zf] w g ug{] P] g, @)^# 4f/f vf/]h .

2
 -3_ ;f] k]6]06 s' g} vf; l;4fGt jf kmd'{ nfdf cfwfl/t eP ;f] l;4fGt jf
kmd'{n f .
♣+=
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] b/vf:tsf ;fy b/vf:tjfnfn] ;f] k] 6]0 6sf] ljj/0f
;lxtsf] gS;f tyf /] vfÍg / cg' ;"rL –# -!_ sf] -s_ df tf]lsPsf] b/vf:t b:t'/ ;d] t
bflvn ug'{ k5{ .
%= ljefuaf6 hfFra'´ M -!_ bkmf $ adf]lhdsf] b/vf:t bflvn ePkl5 ljefun] cfjZos
b] v]d f ljz]i f1x¿sf] ;Nnfx ;d] t lnO{ b/vf:tdf n]l vPsf] k] 6]0 6 gofF cfljisf/ ePsf] xf]
xf]Og / ;j{ ;fwf/0fnfO{ pkof] uL 5 5} g eGg] s' /fsf] hfF ra'´ / cWoog u/L ;f] k] 6]0 6 btf{
ug{ x' g] jf gx' g] s'/ fsf] osLg ug]{ 5 .
-@_ bkmf ^ adf]lhd s' g} k]6]06 btf{ ug{ gx' g] b] v]df ljefun] b/vf:tjfnfnfO{ lghsf]
b/vf:t adf]lhd k]6]0 6 btf{ x' g g;Sg] s'/fsf] ;"rgf lbg'k 5{ .
-#_
=================
^= k]6]06 btf{ x'g g;Sg]
g;Sg M -!_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf ljefun] o; P]g adf]lhd k] 6]0 6 btf{ ug{
x'Fb}g M–
-s_ klxn] g} c¿ s;} sf] gfddf btf{ eO;s] sf] /x]5, jf
-v_ b/vf:tjfnfn] btf{ u/fpg rfx]sf] k] 6]06 cfkm} n] cfljisf/ gu/] sf] /
cfljisf/ ug]{ JolQmaf6 xs klg k| fKt gu/] sf] /x]5, jf
-u_ btf{ u/fpg rfx] sf] k] 6]06af6 ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] :jf:Yo, ;bfrf/ jf
g}ltstf jf /fli6« o lxtdf s' g} k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ /x]5 , jf
-3_ s'g} k|rlnt g]k fn sfg" gsf] alv{ nfk x'g] /x] 5 eg] .
t/ v08 -s_ df n]l vPsf] s'g} s'/fn] bkmf ( adf]l hd k] 6]06sf] btf{
bflvn vfl/h ug{ afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df n]l vPsf] cj:yfdf ljefun] btf{ eO;s] sf] s' g} k]6]0 6sf] btf{ ab/
ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
t/ ;f] adf]l hd s'g} k] 6]0 6sf] btf{ ab/ ug'{ eGbf cufj} k] 6]0 6jfnfnfO{ ;f]
k]] 606sf] btf{ ab/ x'g gkg]{ s'g} sf/0f eP b] vfpg dgfl;j dflkmssf] df} sf lbg' k5{ .
♣
klxnf] ;+ zf]w g4f/f ;+zf]l wt .


klxnf] ;+ zf]w g4f/f lemlsPsf] .

3
&= k]6]06sf] btf{
btf M -!_ bkmf ^ adf]l hd btf{ ug{ gx'g] cj:yfdf afx]s k]6]0 6 btf{ u/fpg bkmf
$ adf]l hd b/vf:t bflvn ePkl5 ljefun] bkmf % adf]l hd cfjZos hfF ra'´ u/L
b/vf:tjfnfnfO{ cg' ;"rL–@ -s_ adf]l hdsf] 9fF rfdf btf{ s f] k| df0fkq lbg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf] lhdsf] k| df0fkq k| fKt ug{ sf] lgldQ b/vf:tjfnfn] ljefunfO{
cg' ;"rL–# -!_ sf] -v_ df tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] btf{ b:t' / a'´fpg' k5{ .


&s= btf{ ePsf] k]6]06 k|sfzg ug]
ug{ M -!_ o; P]g adf]l hd btf{ ePsf] k] 6]06dWo] /fli6« o lxtsf]
nflu uf] Ko /fVg' kg]{ afx]s cGo k] 6]0 6x¿ ljefun] ;j{ ;fwf/0fsf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu g]kfn
/fhkqdf k|s flzt ug]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k| sflzt k]6]0 6sf] ljj/0f, gS;f jf /]v fÍg s;} n] x] g{ jf
To;sf] gSsn lng rfx]df ljefuaf6 tf]lsPsf] b:t' / a'´fO{ To:tf] k]6]0 6 x]g{ jf To;sf]
gSsn lng ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k]6]06 x] /]sf] jf To;sf] gSsn lnPsf] ldltn] k}+t L; lbgleq
To:tf] k] 6]06 pk/ s;} sf] s' g} lj/f] w ePdf ljefudf ph" / ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ph' / kg{ cfPdf ljefun] hfF ra'´ u/L cfjZos sf/jfxL
ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
♣+
*= k]6]06sf] cjlw M -!_ bkmf @#v= adf]l hd gjLs/0f u/fPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s bkmf &
adf]l hd btf{ ePsf] k] 6]0 6df btf{ ePsf] ldltn] ;ft jif{ ;Dd dfq k] 6]06jfnfsf] xs sfod
x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g ;'s} s' /f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg of] bkmf k| f/De x' g'eGbf cl3 btf{
ePsf] k] 6]06sf] cjlwsf] xsdf ;f] k]6]0 6 btf{ x'F bfsf avt sfod /x]s f] Joj:yf adf]lhd g}
cjlw sfod x'g] 5 . ;f] cjlw e' Qmfg ePkl5 bkmf @#v= adf]lhd gjLs/0f u/fpg' kg]{ 5 .


(= =============
!)= k]6]06sf] gS;f jf gd"g f ;/sf/L Do"lhoddf bflvn ug]
ug{ M o; P]g adf]l hd btf{ ePsf] k] 6]06
cg' ;f/ x' g] j:t' sf] Ps k|l t gS;f jf gd"gf k] 6]06jfnfn] ♣=++ /fli6« o clen] vfno ;d]tnfO{
lbg' k5{ .

klxnf] ;+ zf]w g4f/f yk .
♣
klxnf] ;+ zf]w g4f/f ;+zf]l wt .


klxnf] ;+ zf]w g4f/f lemlsPsf] .

4
∇
!!= bkmf # sf] pNn+3g u/]df x'g] ;hfo M s;}n] b] xfosf s'g} sfd u/] df ljefusf] cfb] zn]
s;" /sf] dfqf cg'; f/ b] xfo adf]lhdsf] hl/afgf x' g]5 / ;f] s;" /;Fu ;DalGwt rLh j:t'
hkmt x' g]5 M–
-s_ bkmf # sf] pkbkmf -@_ df n]lvPsf] s'g} s;" / u/] df kfFr nfv ?k}o fF;Dd hl/afgf .
-v_ bkmf # sf] pkbkmf -@_ df n]lvPsf] s' g} sfd ug]{ pBf] u u/] df jf ;f] sfd ug]{
b'?T;fxg lbPdf b' O{ nfv krf; xhf/ ?k}ofF; Dd hl/afgf .
kl/R5]b– #
l8hfog
!@= l8hfogdf xs k|fKt ug]{ M -!_ s;} n] cfk"m n] agfPsf] jf agfpg nufPsf] s'g} j:t'sf]
l8hfog bkmf !$ adf]l hd ljefudf btf{ u/fO{ ;f] l8hfog pk/ o; P] g adf]l hdsf] xs
k| fKt ug{ ;Sg]5 .
∇-@_ o; P] g adf]lhd s' g} JolQmsf] gfddf btf{ ePsf] l8hfog c? s;} n] gSsn ug{
jf bkmf @!3= adf]lhd cfˆgf] gfddf gfd;f/L gu/fO{ jf k|o f]u sf] lgldQ lnlvt ?kdf cg' dlt
glnO{ cfˆgf] jf c?sf] gfdaf6 k|of]u ug{ u/fpg x'Fb}g .
!#= l8hfogsf] btf{sf] lgldQ b/vf:t M -!_ cfk"m n] agfPsf] jf agfpg nfPsf] s'g} lrh bkmf
!$ adf]l hd btf{ u/fpg rfxg] JolQmn] ;f] l8hfogsf]
ljj/0f ;lxtsf] gSzf tyf
/] vfÍg / rf/ k|l t gd"g f ;lxt cg' ;"rL–!-v_ adf]l hdsf] 9fF rfdf ljefudf b/vf:t
lbg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd b/vf:t lbg] JolQmn] cfˆgf] b/vf:tsf] ;fy} cg' ;"r L–# -@_
sf] -s_ df tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] b/vf:t b:t' / ljefudf a'´ fpg' k5{ .
!$= l8hfogsf] btf{ M -!_ bkmf !# adf]l hd s;}sf] b/vf:t k/]d f ljefun] ;f] l8hfog
b/vf:tjfnfsf] gfddf btf{ u/L cg' ;"rL–@-v_ adf]lhdsf] k| df0fkq lbg' k5{ .
t/, To:tf] l8hfogaf6 s'g} JolQm jf ;+ : yfsf] k|l ti7fdf wSsf k'U g] jf
;j{ ;fwf/0f hgtfsf] ;bfrf/ jf g}l tstfdf g/fd| f] k|e fj kg]{ jf /fli6«o lxtsf] k|lts" n x'g]

♣
klxnf] ;+ zf]w g4f/f ;+zf]l wt .
∇ lgsf;L k} 7f/L tyf af}l¢s ;DklQ ;DaGwL s]xL g] kfn P]g ;+ zf]w g ug{] P] g, @)^# 4f/f ;+ zf]w g .


klxnf] ;+ zf]w g4f/f yk .

5
 /x]5 jf ;f] l8hfog cl3 g} c¿ s;}s f] gfddf btf{ e} ;s]s f] /x] 5 eg] o; pkbkmf
adf]l hd btf{ ul/g] 5} g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|df0fkq k| fKt ug{ sf] lgldQ b/vf:tjfnfn] cg';"rL–# -@_
sf] -v_ df tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] l8hfogsf] btf{ b:t'/ ljefudf bflvn ug'{k5{ .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+ z df n]lvPsf] s'g} cj:yf 5 eGg] nfu] df
ljefun] s' g} l8hfogsf] btf{ ab/ ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
t/ ;f] adf]l hd s' g} l8hfogsf] btf{ ab/ ug'{ eGbf cufj} ljefun] ;f]
l8hfogjfnfnfO{ ;f] l8hfogsf] btf{ ab/ x' g' gkg]{ s' g} sf/0f eP b] vfpg dgfl;a
dflkmssf] df} sf lbg' k5{ .


!$s= l8hfogsf] cjlw M bkmf @#v= adf]lhd gjLs/0f u/fPsf] cj:yfdf afx] s bkmf !$ adf]lhd
btf{ ePsf] l8hfogdf btf{ ePsf] ldltn] kfF r jif{ ;Dd l8hfogjfnfsf] xs sfod x' g]5 .
!%= bkmf !@ pNn+3g ug]{ JolQmnfO{ x'g] ;hfo M s;} n] bkmf !@ sf] pkbkmf -@_ pNn+ 3g u/] df
jf bkmf !$ sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ljefun] ab/ u/] sf] l8hfog rnfPdf ljefusf] cfb] zn]
 ♣
s;" /sf] dfqf cg'; f/ krf; xhf/ ¿k} ofF ;Dd hl/jfgf x' g ;Sg]5 / ;f] s;" /;+u ;DalGwt
;a} lrh j:t' hkmt x'g] 5 .
kl/R5]b– $
6]«8dfs{
!^= 6]«8dfs{df xs k|fKt ug]
ug{ M -!_ s;} n] cfˆgf] aGb Jofkf/ jf sf/f]af/sf] 6]« 8dfs{ bkmf !*
adf]l hd ljefudf btf{ u/fO{ ;f] 6]« 8dfs{ pk/ o; P]gadf]l hdsf] xs k| fKt ug{ ;Sg]5 .
∇-@_ o; P] g adf]lhd s'g} JolQmsf] gfddf btf{ ePsf] 6«]8 dfs{ c? s;}n] gSsn ug{
jf bkmf @!3= adf]lhd cfˆgf] gfddf gfd;f/L gu/fO{ jf k|o f]u sf] lgldQ lnlvt ?kdf cg' dlt
glnO{ cfˆgf] jf c?sf] gfdaf6 k|of]u ug{ u/fpg x'Fb}g .

klxnf] ;+ zf]w g4f/f yk .

lgsf;L k}7f/L tyf af}l ¢s ;DklQ ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf] wg ug{] P] g, @)^# 4f/f yk .
♣
klxnf] ;+ zf]wf4f/f ;+zf] w g eO{ To;df k' gM lgsf;L k}7f/L tyf af} l¢s ;DklQ ;DaGwL s]x L g] kfn P] g ;+zf] wg ug{] P] g, @)^# 4f/f
;+zf]wg ePsf] .
∇ lgsf;L k} 7f/L tyf af}l¢s ;DklQ ;DaGwL s]xL g] kfn P]g ;+ zf]w g ug{] P] g, @)^# 4f/f ;+ zf]w g .

6
!&= 6]«8dfs{s f] btf{s f] lgldQ b/vf:t M -!_ cfˆgf] aGb Jofkf/ jf sf/f] a f/sf] 6]« 8dfs{ bkmf !*
adf]l hd btf{ u/fpg rfxg] JolQmn] ;f] 6]« 8dfs{sf] $ k|lt gd" gf ;lxt cg' ;" rL– !-u_
adf]l hdsf] 9fF rfdf ljefudf b/vf:t lbg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd b/vf:t lbg] JolQmn] cfˆgf] b/vf:tsf ;fy} cg';"rL–# -#_
sf] -s_ df tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] b/vf:t b:t' / ljefudf a'´ fpg' k5{ .
!*= 6]«8dfs{s f] btf{ M -!_ bkmf !& adf]l hd 6]« 8dfs{ sf] btf{sf] lgldQ s;} sf] b/vf:t k/]df

;f] 6«] 8dfs{ sf ;DaGwdf cfjZos hfF ra' em u/L s;}sf] bfjL lj/f] w eP To:tf] bfjL
lj/f] w ug{ dgfl;a df} s f lbO{ s;} sf] bfjL lj/f] w kg{ cfPdf ;f] pk/ ;d] t 5fglag u/L
btf{ ug{ pko' Qm 7xl/Pdf ;f] 6]« 8dfs{ b/vf:tjfnfsf] gfddf btf{ u/L cg' ;"rL–@-u_
adf]l hdsf] k| df0fkq lbg'k5{ .
t/, To:tf] 6]« 8dfs{ a f6 s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfsf] k|l ti7fdf wSsf kg]{ jf ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf]
;bfrf/ jf g}l tstf jf /fli6«o lxtdf g/fd| f] c;/ kg]{ jf c¿ s;}s f] 6]« 8dfs{ s f] Vofltdf
wSsf kg]{ :fDefjgf 5 eGg] nfu]d f jf ;f] 6]« 8dfs{ klxn] c¿ s;} sf] gfddf btf{ e} ;s]sf]
b]lvPdf ;f] 6]« 8dfs{ btf{ ul/g] 5} g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] k| df0fkq k| fKt ug{ sf] lgldQ 6]«8dfs{ sf] btf{ b:t' / afkt
b/vf:tjfnfn] cg' ;"rL–#-#_ sf] -v_ df tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] btf{ b:t' / ljefudf a'´fpg' k5{ .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+ zdf n]lvPsf] s'g} cj:yf 5 eGg] nfu] df
ljefun] btf{ ePsf] s' g} 6]« 8 dfs{sf] btf{ ab/ ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
t/ ;f] adf]lhd s'g} 6]« 8 dfs{ ab/ ug'{ eGbf cufj} ljefun] ;f] 6]« 8dfs{jfnfnfO{ ;f]
6]«8dfs{ ab/ x' g' gkg]{ s' g} sf/0f eP b] vfpg dgfl;a dflkmssf] df} sf lbg' k5{ .


!*s= 6]«8dfs{sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu dfn;fdfg / ;]jfsf] juL{s /0f /0fM -!_ s'g} dfn;fdfg jf s'g}
k| sf/sf] ;] jf;+ u ;DalGwt 6«] 8dfs{ btf{ ug]{ k| of] hgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn
/fhkqdf ;" rgf k| s flzt u/L To:tf] dfn;fdfg jf ;] jfsf] juL{ s/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ k|To] s ju{ df k/] sf dfn;fdfg jf ;] jfsf] 6«]8dfs{ btf{ ug{ 5'§f 5'§} b/vf:t lbg'
kg]{ 5 .


lgsf;L k}7f/L tyf af}l ¢s ;DklQ ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf] wg ug{] P] g, @)^# 4f/f yk .


klxnf] ;+ zf]w g4f/f yk .

7
 -#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd Ps ju{ df k/] sf dfn;fdfg jf ;]jfsf] nflu btf{ ePsf]
6«]8dfs{ s' g} csf]{ ju{ df k/] sf] dfn;fdfg jf ;]j fsf] nflu klg btf{ ug{ ;lsg] 5 .


!*v= 6«]8dfs{ k|of]u ug{ gkfOg]
gkfOg M ljefudf btf{ gu/fO{ s' g} 6]« 8dfs{ klg /lhi68{ 6]« 8dfs{ sf]
¿kdf k|of] u ug{ kfOg] 5} g .


!*u= 6]«8dfs{
dfs{ k|of]u ug]{ Dofb M ljefudf btf{ ePsf] 6]« 8dfs{ btf{ ePsf] ldltn] Ps jif{ ;Dddf
k|of] udf gNofPdf ljefun] cfjZos hfF ra'´ u/L To:tf] 6]« 8dfs{ btf{ vf/] h ug{ ;Sg]5 .


!*3= 6]«8dfs{s f] cjlw M bkmf @#v= adf]l hd gjLs/0f ul/Psf] cj:yfdf afx]s bkmf !*
adf]l hd btf{ ePsf] 6]« 8dfs{df btf{ ePsf] ldltn] ;ft jif{ ;Dd 6]« 8dfs{ j fnfsf] xs sfod
x'g]5 .
♣
!(= u}/ sfg"gL tj/n] 6]«8dfs{ k|of]u u/]df x'g] ;hfo M s;} n] bkmf !^ sf] pkbkmf -@_
pNn+3g u/]d f jf bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]l hd ab/ ePsf] 6]« 8dfs{ rnfPdf jf bkmf

!*v= pNn+3 g u/] df ljefusf] cfb]z n] s;"/ sf] dfqf cg' ;f/ ∇Ps nfv ¿k} ofF ;Dd
hl/jfgf x'g ;Sg]5 / ;f] s;"/ ;+ u ;DalGwt ;a} dfn;fdfg hkmt x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b–%
ljljw
@)= jfl/; d's// ug{ kfpg] M o; P]gadf]l hd cfkm" n] ug'{ kg]{ s'g} sfd sf/jfO{ ug{ sf] lgldQ
s'g} JolQmn] cfˆgf] jfl/;
jf sfg"g Joj;foL d's// ug{ ;Sg]5 / ;f] ♣++ = jfl/; jf sfg"g
Joj;foLåf/f ePsf] ;a} sfd sf/jfO{ lghn] g} u/] sf] dflgg] 5 .
@!=

====================================================

klxnf] ;+ zf]w g4f/f yk .
♣
klxnf] ;+ zf]w g4f/f ;+zf]l wt .

lgsf;L k}7f/L tyf af}l ¢s ;DklQ ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf] wg ug{] P] g, @)^# 4f/f yk .
∇ lgsf;L k} 7f/L tyf af}l¢s ;DklQ ;DaGwL s]xL g] kfn P]g ;+ zf]w g ug{] P] g, @)^# 4f/f ;+ zf]lwt .


klxnf] ;+ zf]w g4f/f vf/] h .

8


@!s=btf{
btf{ ePsf] l8hfog / 6«]8dfs{ k|sfzg ug]{ M -!_ bkmf !$ adf]l hd btf{ ePsf] l8hfog /
bkmf !* adf]l hd btf{ ePsf] 6«] 8dfs{, To;sf] gjLs/0f tyf btf{ jb/;DaGwL ljj/0f
ljefun]] ;j{ ;fwf/0fsf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu k| sfzg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k| sflzt ljj/0f pk/ s;} sf] lj/f]w ePdf To:tf] JolQmn] pQm
ljj/0f k| sflzt ePsf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq ljefudf ph" /L lbg ;Sg]5 . To;/L k/] sf] ph"/L
pk/ ljefun] hfFra'´ u/L cfjZos sf/jfxL ug'{ kg]{ 5 .


@!v= g]kfndf btf{ gu/L xs sfod gx'g] M ljb]zdf btf{ ul/Psf] 6]« 8dfs{ , l8hfog / 6]« 8dfs{
;DalGwt JolQmn] g] kfndf btf{ gu/fO{ To:tf] k] 6]0 6, l8hfog / 6]« 8dfs{d f lghsf] g] kfndf
xs sfod x'g] 5} g .


@!u== ljb]z L k]6]06, l8hfog / 6]«8dfs{s f] btf{
btf M ljb]z df btf{ ePsf] k] 6]0 6, l8hfog /
6]« 8dfs{ sf] k| df0fkq ;fy} /fvL btf{ sf] nflu ljefudf lgj] bg lbPdf ljefun] To:tf] k] 6]0 6,

l8hfog / 6]« 8dfs{ ;DaGwdf hfF ra'´ gu/Lsg} klg btf{ ug{ ;Sg]5 / To:tf]
btf{ j fnfnfO{ ljefun] cf} B f]lus ;DklQsf] ;+ /If0f ug]{ ;DaGwdf ;g\ !**# df ;DkGg
ePsf] k]l/; dxf;lGw cg' ;f/ u|fXotf ldltsf] ;x'l not k|bfg ug]{ 5 .
∇@!3= k]6]06, l8hfog jf 6]«8dfs{sf] xs x:tfGt/0f jf k|of]usf] cg'dlt ;DaGwL
;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_
cfˆgf] gfddf btf{ /x] s f] k] 6]06, l8hfog jf 6]« 8dfs{ c? s;}s f] gfddf x:tfGt/0f u/L lbg
jf k| of] u ug{ kfpg] u/L lnlvt ?kdf cg' dlt lbg x' G5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd x:tfGt/0f ug{ jf k|o f] u ug{ lbg rfx] df tf]lsP
adf]l hdsf] b:t'/ ;lxt To:tf] k] 6]0 6, l8hfog jf 6]« 8dfs{ jfnf / To;/L] k] 6]0 6, l8hfog jf
6]« 8dfs{ x:tfGt/0f u/L lng jf k|o f] u ug{ rfxg] b'j} JolQmn] ;f] s'/ f v' nfO{ ;+o'Qm ?kdf
ljefudf b/vf:t lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd b/vf:t kg{ cfPdf ljefun] To:tf] k] 6]0 6, l8hfog jf
6]« 8dfs{ x:tfGt/0f ug{] jf k|of] u ug]{ cg' dlt lbg ;Sg]5 .

klxnf] ;+ zf]w g4f/f yk .

lgsf;L k}7f/L tyf af}l ¢s ;DklQ ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf] wg ug{] P] g, @)^# 4f/f yk .
∇ lgsf;L k} 7f/L tyf af}l¢s ;DklQ ;DaGwL s]xL g] kfn P]g ;+ zf]w g ug{] P] g, @)^# 4f/f ;+ zf]w g .

9
 -$_ ljefun] pkbkmf -#_ adf]l hd x:tfGt/0f ug]{ cg' dlt lbPdf x:tfGt/0f u/L
lng] JolQmsf] gfddf ;f] k] 6]06, l8hfog jf 6]« 8dfs{ gfd;f/L ul/lbg' kg{]5 .
-%_ ljefun] pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd k|o f] u ug]{ cg'dlt lbPdf ;f] sf] Joxf]/f
ljefudf /x]sf] btf{ lstfa / k| df0fkqdf ;d] t hgfO{ k| of] u ug{ cg' dlt kfpg] JolQmnfO{
;f] sf] lg:;f lbg' kg]{5 .
@@= ljefun] btf{ lstfa v8f ug]{ M o; P] gadf]lhd btf{ ePsf] / btf{ ab/ ePsf] ;d] t b]l vg]
u/L ljefun] k] 6]06, l8hfog / 6]« 8dfs{ sf ;DaGwdf 5' §f 5' §} lstfa v8f ug'{ k5{ .

@#= ================

@#s= ====================


@#v=k]
k]6]06, l8hfog / 6]«8dfs{ gjLs/0f u/fpg] sfo{ljlw M -!_ bkmf *, bkmf !$s, / bkmf
!*3= adf]l hd k] 6]0 6jfnf, l8hfogjfnf / 6]« 8dfs{ jfnfn] k] 6]0 6, l8hfog / 6]« 8dfs{ k| of] u
ug{ kfpg] cjlw ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] k}+ tL; lbgleq qmdzM cg' ;"rL–@-3_, @-ª_ / @-r_
adf]l hdsf] 9fF rfdf b/vf:t lbO{ cg' ;"rL–# adf] l hdsf] b:t'/ lt/L To;sf] gjLs/0f
u/fpg' kg]{ 5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd gJfLs/0f u/fpg] Dofb gf3] sf] ldltn] ^ dxLgf;Dd ∇Ps
xhf/ ¿k} ofF hl/jfgf lt/L gjLs/0f u/fpg ;lsg]5 . ;f] Dofbleq klg gjLs/0f gu/fOPdf
k]6]06, l8hfog / 6]«8 dfs{ sf] btf{ :jtM vf/]h x' g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ df h' g;' s} s' /f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k] 6]06sf] xsdf ;ft–;ft
jif{ sf] k6s sfod u/L b' O{ k6s;Dd, l8hfogsf] xsdf kfFr–kfF r jif{ sf] k6s sfod u/L b'O{
k6s;Dd / 6]« 8 dfs{sf] xsdf ;ft–;ft jif{ sf] k6s sfod u/L hlt k6s klg gjLs/0f
u/fpg ;lsg] 5 .
@$= k|df0fkqsf] gSsn M k]6]0 6, l8hfog jf 6]« 8dfs{ sf] btf{ s f] k| df0fkq x/fPdf
♣+
+ tf]l sPadf]l hdsf] ¿k}ofF b:t'/ lt/L ljefuaf6 k| df0fkqsf] gSsn lng kfOg] 5 .


lgsf;L k}7f/L tyf af}l ¢s ;DklQ ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P] g ;+zf] w g ug{] P] g, @)^# 4f/f vf/]h .

klxnf] ;+zf]w g4f/f yk eO{ lgsf;L k}7f/L tyf af} l¢s ;DklQ ;DaGwL s]xL g] kfn P] g ;+zf] wg ug{] P] g, @)^# 4f/f vf/] h .


klxnf] ;+ zf]w g4f/f yk .
∇ lgsf;L k} 7f/L tyf af}l¢s ;DklQ ;DaGwL s]xL g] kfn P]g ;+ zf]w g ug{] P] g, @)^# 4f/f ;+ zf]w g .
♣
klxnf] ;+ zf]w g4f/f ;+zf]l wt .

10
@%= xhf{gf M o; P]g adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] s' g} k] 6]06, l8hfog jf 6]« 8dfs{s f] ;DaGwdf s;}n]
o; P]gsf] pNn+ 3g u/] a f6 k] 6]0 6, l8hfog jf 6]« 8dfs{sf] btf{ jfnfn] jf:tljs ¿kdf ;xg'
k/] s f] gf] S;fgLsf] plrt /sd ;f] pNn+3 g ug]{ JolQmaf6 btf{j fnfnfO{ ljefun] xhf{g fsf]
¿kdf e/fO{ lbg ;Sg]5 .
@^= o;} P]g cGtu{t btf{ ePsf] dflgg]
dflgg M of] P]g nfu" x'g' cl3 !((# ;fndf hf/L ePsf]
k] 6]0 6, l8hfog / 6]« 8dfs{ sfg" g adf]l hd btf{ ePsf] k] 6]0 6, l8hfog / 6]« 8dfs{x¿ of] P]g
nfu" ePsf] ldltb]l v o;} P] gadf]l hd btf{ ePsf] dflgg] 5g\ .


@^s= b:t'/df x]/km]/ ug{ ;lsg]
;lsg M g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"r gf k|sfzg u/L cg' ;"rL–#
df tf]lsPsf] b:t'/df x]/km] / ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
@&= k'g/fj]bg nfUg ;Sg] M o; P]g adf]lhd ljefusf] cfb]zdf lrQ ga' ‰ g] JolQmn] #% lbgleq

k'g /fj] bg cbfntdf k'g /fj]bg ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
@*= vf/]hL M ;Dat !((# ;fndf hf/L ePsf] k] 6]06, l8hfog / 6]« 8dfs{ sfg"g vf/] h
ul/Psf] 5 .

klxnf] ;+ zf]w g4f/f yk .

Gofo k|z f;g P] g, @)$* 4f/f ;+zf] w g .
b|i6JoM
6Jo
s] xL g]k fn sfg" g ;+ zf] w g ug]{ P] g, @)^# adf]l hd ¿kfGt/ ePsf zAbx¿M–
æ>L % sf] ;/sf/Æ eGg] zAbsf] ;§f æg]kfn ;/sf/Æ .

11
 ♣+
cg'
+ ;"r L–
L–! - s_
k]6 ]06 btf{sf] lgldQ lbOg] b/vf:tsf] 9fFr f
>L=======================
===============

d . xfdL ============================================================= sf] cfljisf/s ePsf] n] ;f] j:t' ;DaGwL

l;4fGt, kmd'{ nf / ;Dk"0 f{ ljj/0f ;lxtsf] gSzf tyf /] vfª\sg / b/vf:t b:t'/ ;+ nUg /fvL
k] 6]0 6 btf{ s f] nflu b/vf:t lbPsf] 5' . lbPsf 5f}+ . d]/ f] . xfd| f] gfddf k] 6]0 6 btf{ u/L ;f] sf]
k|| df0fkq lbg' x'g cg'/ f] w ub{5' . ub{5 f}+ .

;fIfL M– !========================= b/vf:tjfnfsf] ;xL ========

@========================= 7]ufgf M–
ldlt M–

♣
klxnf] ;+ zf]w g4f/f ;+zf]l wt .

12
 ♣+=
+ cg';"rL–
L–!-v_
l8hfog btf{sf] lgldQ lbOg] b/vf:tsf] 9fFrf
rf

>L=====================
==============

d} n] . xfdLn] o;} ;fy ;+ nUg gd"g f adf]l hdsf] ============================ agfPsf] n] . agfpg
nufPsf] n] l8hfogsf] ;Dk" 0f{ ljj/0f ;lxtsf] gS;f tyf /] vfª\ sg / rf/ k|l t gd"gf / b/vf:t
b:t'/ ;+ nUg /fvL l8hfog btf{ sf] nflu b/vf:t lbPsf] 5' . lbPsf 5f}+ . d] /f] . xfd| f] gfddf
l8hfog btf{ u/L ;f] sf] k| d f0fkq lbg' x' g cg'/ f]w ub{ 5' . ub{5 f}+ .

;fIfLM– !========================= b/vf:tjfnfsf] ;xL ========

@========================= 7]ufgfM–
ldltM–

♣
klxnf] ;+ zf]w g4f/f ;+zf]l wt .

13
 ♣+=
+ cg';"rL–
L–! -u_
6]«8 dfs{ btf{sf] lgldQ lbOg] b/vf:tsf] 9fFr f
>L=====================
==============
d} n] . xfdLn] o;} ;fy ;+ nUg gd"g fsf] 6]« 8sdfs{d f ============================ nufpg] ePsf] n] . nufO{
/fv] s f] n] ;f] sf] rf/ k|l t / b/vf:t b:t' / ;+ nUg /fvL 6]« 8dfs{ btf{sf] nflu b/vf:t lbPsf] 5' .
lbPsf 5f}+ . d]/ f] . xfd|f] gfddf 6]« 8dfs{ btf{ u/L ;f]sf] k| d f0fkq lbg' x'g cg'/ f] w ub{ 5' . ub{5f}+ .

;fIfLM– !========================= b/vf:tjfnfsf] ;xL ========

@========================= 7]ufgfM–
ldltM–

♣
klxnf] ;+ zf]w g4f/f ;+zf]l wt .

14
 ♣+
cg'
+ ;"r L–
L–@ -s_
k]6]06 btf{s f] k|df0fkqsf] 9fFrf
g]kfn ;/sf/
=====================dGqfno
=======================ljefu

k| df0fkq ;+ VofM– ldltM–

k] 6]0 6 btf{ s f] k| d f0fkq

k] 6]0 6, l8hfog / 6«] 8dfs{ P]g , @)@@ sf] bkmf & adf]l hd ============================================ n]
cfljisf/ u/]sf] ======================== sf] k] 6]0 6 btf{ u/L of] k| d f0fkq lbOPsf] 5 .
==============================
dxf–lgb]{ zs
gjLs/0f u/] sf] gjLs/0fsf] Dofb gjLs/0f ug]{
ldlt ;dfKt x'g] ldtL clwsf/Lsf] ;lx5fk

♣
klxnf] ;+ zf]w g4f/f ;+zf]l wt .

15
 ♣+
cg'
+ ;"r L–
L–@- v_
l8hfog btf{s f] k|df0fkqsf] 9fFrf
g]kfn ;/sf/
=====================dGqfno
=======================ljefu

k| df0fkq ;+ VofM– ldltM–

l8hfog btf{sf] k|df0fkq

k] 6]0 6, l8hfog / 6«] 8dfs{ P]g , @)@@ sf] bkmf !$ adf]l hd ============================================ n]
agfPsf] . agfpg nufPsf] ======================== sf] l8hfog btf{ u/L of] k| d f0fkq lbOPsf] 5 .
==============================
dxf–lgb]{ zs
gjLs/0f u/] sf] gjLs/0fsf] Dofb gjLs/0f ug]{
ldlt ;dfKt x'g] ldtL clwsf/Lsf] ;lx5fk

♣
klxnf] ;+ zf]w g4f/f ;+zf]l wt .

16
 ♣+
cg'
+ ;"r L–
L–@ -u_
k]6]06 btf{s f] k|df0fkqsf] 9fFrf
g]kfn ;/sf/
=====================dGqfno
=======================ljefu

k| df0fkq ;+ VofM– ldltM–

6]« 8dfs{ btf{ sf] k| df0fkq

k] 6]0 6, l8hfog / 6]« 8dfs{ P]g , @)@@ sf] bkmf !* adf]l hd ============================================ n]
======================== df nufO{ /fv] s f] . nufpg] ePsf] 6]« 8dfs{ btf{ u/L of] k| d f0fkq lbOPsf] 5 .

==============================
dxf–lgb]{ zs

gjLs/0f u/] sf] gjLs/0fsf] Dofb gjLs/0f ug]{

ldlt ;dfKt x'g] ldtL clwsf/Lsf] ;lx5fk

♣
klxnf] ;+ zf]w g4f/f ;+zf]l wt .

17
 ♣+
cg'
+ ;"r L–
L–@- 3_
k]6]06 gJfLs/0fsf] lgldQ lbOg] b/vf:tsf] 9fFrf
>L=========================
============================

d} n] . xfdLn] ldlt ================================================= df btf{ u/] sf]

================================================sf] k] 6]06sf] btf{ cjlw ;dfKt ePsf] n] gjLs/0f jfkt nfUg]
b:t'/ ;+ nUg 5 . gjLs/0f u/L lbg' x'g cg'/f] w ub{5' . ub{5f}+ .

b/vf:tjfnfsf] ;xL ======

7]ufgfM–
ldltM–

♣
klxnf] ;+ zf]w g4f/f ;+zf]l wt .

18


cg';"r L–
L–@ - ª_
l8hfog gJfLs/0fsf]
gJfLs/0fsf] lgldQ lbOg] b/vf:tsf] 9fFr f

>L=========================
============================
d} n] . xfdLn] ldlt ================================================= df btf{ u/] sf]
================================================sf] l8hfogsf] btf{ cjlw ;dfKt ePsf] n] gjLs/0f jfkt
nfUg] b:t'/ ;+ nUg 5 . gjLs/0f u/L lbg' x' g cg' /f] w ub{5' . ub{ 5f}+ .

b/vf:tjfnfsf] ;xL ======

7]ufgfM–
ldltM–

klxnf] ;+ zf]w g4f/f yk .

19


cg';"r L–
L–@-r_
6]«8 dfs{ gJfLs/0fsf] lgldQ lbOg] b/vf:tsf] 9fFr f

>L=========================
============================

d} n] . xfdLn] ldlt ================================================= df btf{ u/L

================================================df nufO{ /fv] s f] 6]« 8dfs{ s f] btf{ cjlw ;dfKt ePsf]n]
gjLs/0f jfkt nfUg] b:t'/ ;+ nUg 5 . gjLs/0f u/L lbg' x'g cg'/f] w ub{5' . ub{ 5f}+ .
b/vf:tjfnfsf] ;xL ======
7]ufgfM–
ldltM–

klxnf] ;+ zf]w g4f/f yk .

20
 
cg'; "rL–
L–#
k]6 ]06, l8hfog / 6]«8dfs{s f] b/vf:t, btf{ / gjLs/0f b:t'/

-!_ k] 6]06 -s_ b/vf:t b:t'/ Ps ;o ¿k} ofF

-v_ btf{ b:t' / Ps xhf/ ¿k}o fF
-u_ gjLs/0f b:t'/ tLg ;o ¿k}o fF
-@_ l8hfog -s_ b/vf:t b:t'/ Ps ;o ¿k} ofF
-v_ btf{ b:t' / ;ft ;o ¿k}o fF
-u_ gjLs/0f b:t'/ b'O{ ;o ¿k}o fF
-#_ 6]« 8dfs{ -s_ b/vf:t b:t'/ Ps ;o ¿k} ofF
-v_ btf{ b:t' / rf/ ;o ¿k}o fF
-u_ gjLs/0f b:t'/ Ps ;o krf; ¿k} ofF


ldlt @)^@ b]lv nfu' x' g] u/L ldlt @)^@.%.!# df g] kfn /fhkqdf ;"r gf4f/f x]/km]/ .

21