Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2022

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Biology (4BI1) Paper 1BR and Science (Double
Award) (4SD0) Paper 1BR
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January 2022
Question Paper Log Number P69609
Publications Code 4BI1_1BR_2201_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2022
General Marking Guidance

 All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must

mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the
last.
 Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be
rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than
penalised for omissions.
 Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not
according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may
lie.
 There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme
should be used appropriately.
 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the
answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be
prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not
worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
 Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may
be limited.
 When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark
scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be
consulted.
 Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has
replaced it with an alternative response.
Question Answer Mark
Number
1 (a)(i) A-2 1

B is incorrect as there are not 3 secondary consumers

C is incorrect as there are not 4 secondary consumers

D is incorrect as there are not 5 secondary consumers

Question Answer Mark

Number
1 (a)(ii) Acacia / plant  (desert) rat  fennec / fox  monitor / 1
lizard  hawk (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
1 (a)(iii) An explanation that makes reference to 3
three of the following:

 (energy is lost due to)

indigestible parts / faeces / not
absorbed / eq (1)

 (energy is lost due to) excretion /

metabolic waste / urine / eq (1)

 (energy is lost due to) organisms Accept some

/ parts of organisms that are not organisms / food
consumed /eq (1) not eaten
Accept loss to
death / decay

 (energy is released) in
respiration / by heat loss / in
active transport / due to
metabolism (1)

 (energy is lost due to) movement

(1)
Question Answer Mark
Number
1 (b) An explanation that makes reference to four of the 4
following:

 mutation / genetic variation (1)

 (the fox has / ears have) large surface area to lose

heat / keep body cool (1)

 (which) enables survival (1)

 breeding occurs / (fox) produces offspring (1)

 passes on alleles / genes (for ear shape) (to next

generation) (1)

Total for Question 1 = 9 marks

Question Answer Mark

Number
2(a)(i) B – cornea 1

A is incorrect as X is not the conjunctive

C is incorrect as X is not the lens
D is incorrect as X is not the retina

Question Answer Mark

Number
2(a)(ii) A – contracted loose 1

B is incorrect as the ligaments would be loose

C in incorrect as the muscles would be contracted
D in incorrect as the muscles would be contracted
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
2(a)(iii) An explanation that makes reference to 3 of 2
the following:

 pupil widens / dilates / gets bigger (1) Ignore it / Y

 radial muscles contract (1)

 circular muscles relax (1)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
2(b)(i) 27 m/s (3)
One Mark: 2.5 ÷ 0.005 or 25 ÷ 0.005 3
or 0.25 (m) or 5000

Two marks: 50 (m/s)

Award full marks for correct

answer

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
2(b)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to two of the 2
following:
 (more) synapses are present / eq (1) A gaps /
clefts
present

 which transmit by (chemical) diffusion (1)

 of neurotransmitters (1)

Total for Question 2 = 9 marks

Question Answer Mark
Number
3(a)(i) A mitochondrion 1

B is incorrect because the nucleus does not carry out

photosynthesis
C is incorrect because ribosomes carry out protein synthesis
D is incorrect because the vacuole sores sap

Question Answer Mark

Number
3(a)(ii) B chitin 1

A is incorrect because fungal cell walls are not made of

cellulose
C is incorrect because fungal cell walls are not made of
glycogen
D is incorrect because fungal cell walls are not made of
starch

Question Answer Mark

Number
3 (a)(iii) A cell membrane 1

B is incorrect because prokaryotes do not contain

mitochondria
C is incorrect because prokaryotes do not contain nuclei
D is incorrect because prokaryotes do not have vacuoles

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
3 (b)(i) 80 % (2) one mark for 20 2

Award full marks for

correct answer
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
3 (b)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to two of 2
the following:

 (yeast) respires / fermentation /

respiration (1)

 producing / carbon dioxide (1) Reject

oxygen
 (carbon dioxide) bubbles become produced
trapped / stuck / inflate in dough (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
3 (b)(iii) An explanation that makes reference to two of 2
the following:
Accept
at 25 oC: converse for
35 oC for all
 (kinetic) energy lower / molecules MPs
move slower / eq (1)

 fewer collisions / fewer enzyme

substrate complexes / further away
from enzyme optimum / eq (1)

 less carbon dioxide / gas released /

eq (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
3 (b)(iv) An explanation that makes reference to two of
the following: Accept 2
converse for
at 35 oC 65 oC for all
MPs
 enzymes not denatured (1)

 substrate fits into active site / active

site shape not changed / eq (1)

 so respiration continues / more carbon

dioxide produced / yeast cells are alive
/ eq (1)

Total for Question 3 = 11 marks

Question Answer Mark
Number
4(a)(i) An explanation that makes reference to the following: 2

 peristalsis (1)

 (waves of) muscular contractions (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
4 (a)(ii) C liver 1

A is incorrect because bile is not made in the stomach

B is incorrect because bile is not made in the pancreas
D is incorrect because bile is not made in the gall bladder

Question Answer Mark

Number
4 (a)(iii) An explanation that makes reference to three of the 3
following:

 bile neutralises stomach acid / food / chyme / eq (1)

 to set the optimum pH for enzymes (1)

 bile emulsifies fats / breaks up fats into smaller

droplets / eq (1)

 to increase the surface area (for digestion) (1)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
4 (b)(i) 0.11 (2) 2
One mark for 2.2 or 8 - 5.8

One mark for dividing by 20

Award full marks for correct

answer
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
4 (b)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to two of the 2
following:

 (without inhibitor) pH falls faster / falls more Accept

/ becomes more acidic (without inhibitor) / converse
bigger change in pH / eq (1)

 because fats are broken down into fatty Accept

acids (and glycerol) (1) converse

 inhibitor causes less acid to be produced (1)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
4 (b) (iii) A discussion that makes reference to 5
five of the following:

1. lower blood lipid / fat when

taking inhibitor / eq (1)

2. (because) less fat is absorbed

(when taking inhibitor) (1)

3. fat needs to be broken down into

fatty acids (to be absorbed) (1)

4. less fat would be stored /

deposited around the body (1)

5. one person who did not take

inhibitor did not have increase in
lipid / fat in blood / eq (1)

6. two / more / some suffered side Accept drug causes

effects when taking the drug / eq side effects /
(1) abdominal pains
Accept one person
had side effects
without drug
7. side effects may be due to the
olive oil / may not be caused by
the drug (1)

8. sample size is only very small /

eq (1)

9. there is no information about diet

/ other food / activity / eq (1)

10.no information on age / sex /

health / diabetes / eq (1)

11.no information on change of Accept other factors

mass of people / experiment may affect obesity
does not actually assess obesity /
/ eq (1)

12.starting levels of blood lipid were

equal (so were controlled) (1)

Total for Question 4 = 15 marks

Question Answer Mark
Number
5 (a)(i) An explanation that makes reference to two of the following:
2
 oxygen is required (1)

 for respiration (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
5 (a)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to two of
the following: 2

 to kill pathogens / other microorganisms Accept

/ sterilises the fermenter / eq (1) remove
bacteria / eq
 to prevent contamination (of the
product) / competition (1) Prevent
bacterial
 steam condenses to water so does not contamination
affect product / taste/ flavour / eq (1) = 2 marks

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
5(b)(i) A graph that includes: Lose line mark 5
for bar chart
 S scales linear and at least half page
and axes the correct way around (1)

 A both axes labelled with units (1)

Units: time in
 L straight lines joining points (1) days and mass
in kg
Ignore
extrapolation to
zero

 P points correctly plotted (1) Plots +/- half

square
 K key / labelled GM and non-GM (1)
Question Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
5 (b)(ii) An answer that makes reference to two 2
of the following: Accept converse for
all MPs

 GM fungus grows faster up to 20 Accept GM produces

days / before day 30 / eq (1) more mass over first
20 days / produces
more product in short
time

 (but) over 30 days, the non-GM Accept at 30 days

fungus produces a higher final GM fungus produces
yield / GM fungus starts to level less yield than non-
off after 20 days / non-GM fungus GM / grows slower /
produces more over longer time non-GM has higher
(1) yield over last new
days

 GM fungus is better if product is

required in a shorter time / non-
GM fungus is better is product is
required after longer time period
(1)
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
5 (b)(iii) An answer that makes reference to five of the 5
following:

Yes because:

1. there is less fat in mycoprotein (1)

2. there is less cholesterol in mycoprotein (1)

3. less risk of heart disease / obesity / eq (1)

4. there is more fibre in mycoprotein so less

risk of constipation / moves through gut /
gut / eq (1)

5. mycoprotein has more calcium for bones /

teeth / eq (1)

No because:

6. mycoprotein has less protein (1) Accept

other
protein
functions
7. for growth / muscle growth / eq (1)

8. mycoprotein has less iron so may be a risk

of anaemia / less haemoglobin / fewer red
blood cells / eq (1)

Total for Question 5 = 16 marks

Question Answer Mark

Number
6 (a)(i) B is the only correct answer 1

A is incorrect as ovulation does not occur in the oviduct

C is incorrect as ovulation does not occur in the uterus

D is incorrect as ovulation does not occur in the vagina

Question Answer Mark
Number
6 (a)(ii) A is the only correct answer 1

B is incorrect as fertilisation does not normally occur in the

ovary

C is incorrect as fertilisation does not usually occur in the

uterus

D is incorrect as fertilisation does not usually occur in the

vagina

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
6 (b)(i) X: oestrogen / estrogen (1) Accept other correct names 2

Y: progesterone (1)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
6(b)(ii) An description that makes reference to
two of the following: 2

 repairs / thickens the uterus

lining / endometrium / eq (1)

 for implantation / eq (1)

Accept reduces FSH
levels / eq (1)

Accept stimulates
release of LH / eq (1)
Question Answer Mark
Number
6 (c) An explanation that makes reference to three of the 3
following:

 villi providing a large surface area (1)

 for diffusion / active transport (1)

 capillaries bring / blood supply brings nutrients /

remove(s) waste products / eq (1)

 blood supply / capillaries / blood vessel to maintain a

diffusion gradient (1)

 close distance between mother’s and fetal blood for

short diffusion pathway (1)

Total for Question 6 = 9 marks

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
7(a)(i) An explanation that makes reference 2
to two of the following:

 less pressure / reduced heart Accept lower stroke

volume / less blood pumped volume
(each beat) (1)

 less oxygen pumped to Less oxygenated blood

muscles (1) to muscles = 2 marks

 less respiration (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
7(a)(ii) only one copy of an allele is needed to affect the phenotype 1
/ an allele that is always expressed (1)
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
7(a)(iii) A genetic diagram that shows:
4
 parent genotypes of Hh and hh (1) Accept other
letters
 gametes as H or h and h (or h) (1)
Ecf maybe for
 offspring as Hh, hh (1) mp2 and 3

 offspring in correct ratios (of 1:1) and

phenotypes correctly identified (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
7(a)(iv) 0.25 / ¼ / 25% 1

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
7( An answer that makes reference to two 2
b) of the following:

 recessive alleles are not always Accept recessive

expressed (in the phenotype) / alleles are hidden
recessive alleles are not when a dominant
expressed in heterozygous allele is present /
individuals / only expressed when recessive alleles are
homozygous / eq (1) only expressed when
homozygous

 dominant alleles are always Accept possession

expressed (in the phenotype) / of one dominant
are expressed when one is allele means that the
present / eq (1) phenotype is
identified / dominant
alleles are always
identified in
phenotype

 cats with a dominant allele can

be prevented from breeding /
cats with a recessive allele cannot
always stopped from breeding /
eq (1)

Total for Question 7 = 10 marks

Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
8(a) 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 (2)
one mark 2
for
incorrectly
balanced
equation

Question Answer Mark

Number
8 (b)(i)  repeats / find means / eq (1)
1

Question Answer Mark

Number
8 (b)(ii)  time taken (for leaf to rise) (1) 1

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
8 (c) An explanation that makes reference to four 4
of the following:

 as distance increases, light intensity / Accept

energy decreases (1) converse for
decreasing
 (as distance increases / as light distance
intensity decreases) rate of
photosynthesis decreases / is slower /
eq (1)

 so less oxygen is produced / eq (1)

 oxygen is trapped in leaf and causes

leaf discs to rise / eq (1)

 when close to lamp another factor is

limiting / light intensity is not limiting /
eq (1)

 limiting factor could be temperature /

carbon dioxide concentration (1)
Question Answer Mark
Number
8 (d) An explanation that makes reference to three of the 3
following:

 place leaf disc in boiling water (1)

 heat / boil leaf in ethanol (1)

 stain with iodine (1)

 iodine stain will turn blue black with starch (1)

Total for Question 8 = 11 marks

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
9 (a) 4.6 (2) one mark for 4.625 / 4.63 2

Award full marks for

correct answer
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
9(b) A discussion that makes reference to five of
the following: 5

Agreement:

1. (anaerobic digesters) release less CO2

/ methane (1)

2. release less CO (1)

3. (because less CO2 / less methane)

there is less greenhouse effect /
global warming / eq (1)

4. so less ice caps melting / habitat loss Accept less

/ climate change / other effects / ocean
flooding / coral reef damage / eq (1) acidification /
extreme weather
/ desertification
5. (because less carbon monoxide) less
damage to haemoglobin /
carboxyhaemoglobin / eq (1)

6. so less effect on oxygen transport /

eq (1)

Disagreement:

7. (however) anaerobic digesters

release more sulfur dioxide (1)

8. (causing) acid rain (1)

9. which causes deforestation / kills fish Accept other

in lakes / eq (1) correct biological
consequences of
acid rain
Total for Question 9 = 7 marks

Question Answer Mark

Number
10 (a)(i) The correct answer is: D trachea bronchus 1

A is incorrect as Q is not a bronchiole

B is incorrect as Q is not a bronchus
C is incorrect as R is not a bronchiole
Question Answer Mark
Number
10 (a)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to three of the 3
following:

 S / diaphragm / it / muscle relaxes (1)

 S / diaphragm moves up / becomes dome shaped (1)

 volume decreases (1)

 pressure increases (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
10 (b) An answer that makes reference to four of the 3
following: Accept
converse
 the (maximum) lung volume of people with for
lung disease is lower / less volume can be healthy
exhaled / less air exhaled (1) lungs

 people with lung disease cannot exhale as

rapidly / eq (1)

 less carbon dioxide removed / less oxygen

taken in (1)

 diffusion gradient (into blood) is less steep /

eq (1)

 less respiration (in cells) / more anaerobic

respiration / more lactic acid accumulation /
eq (1)

Total for Question 10 = 7 marks

Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
11 An answer that makes reference to six of the 6
following:

C: range of different light intensities / dark

and light (1)

O: same species / age of wood lice / eq (1)

R: repeats / groups of woodlice (1)

M1: measure distance moved (1) Accept for M1

and M2, time
how long takes
to move set
distance

M2: over a set / stated time (1)

S1 and S2: same humidity / temperature /

oxygen / carbon dioxide / food / size of
container / wood types / eq (2)

Total for Question 11 = 6 marks

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