Design Of Tsunami Detector Based Sort Message

Service Using Arduino and SIM900A to GSM/GPRS

Module

Puput Dani Prasetyo Adi1, Dwi Arman Prasetya2, Aries Boedi Setiawan3, Nachrowie4 and Rahman
Arifuddin5
{[email protected] , [email protected], [email protected],
1

[email protected], [email protected] }

Departement Of Electrical Engineering, University Of Merdeka Malang – Malang, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract: Tsunamis are one of the most unforeseen natural disasters, factors or signs of a
tsunami occurring among others is the sudden reflux of seawater which is due to the
broken plate of the underlying seafloor receding water, the plate fault is caused by seismic
ground-based earthquakes, areas ever experienced a previous fault is likely to occur in the
same quake place this is because the slabs can not coalesce or return like the original. for
it needed a prototype system that can be detected the early detection of a tsunami that
could cost many lives, The method used is Continuous Wave Method or Ultrasonic Echo
Pulse Method.

Keywords: Ultrasonic, SIM900A, Tsunami

1. Introduction
The beginning of the idea of making this research is how the tsunami disaster can be
avoided and overcome as quickly as possible with fast and accurate information. sending data
remotely is the right answer, how to transmit data quickly remotely across GSM or GPRS
Module device or use SMS Broadcast. design prototype made used waterproof coatings that
cause rust. prototype placed on the shore that has been studied to what extent a standard or
normal water debt. the layout of the prototype will be depicted in figure 5. as for hardware
used in building prototype is Arduino UNO or DF-Arduino Board, SIM900A, Ultrasonic
sensor HC-SR04 (4 Feet), 16x2 LCD, Buzzer 5 Volt, Potentiometer, Male-Female Wire,
Male-Female Wire, Breadboard, USB Cable and Android Smartphone and the software used
is Arduino 1.0.5 Free for IDE Arduino and build the C Language program , Fritzing for the
Schematic and PCB Design layout and Notepad ++ for editing C Language program for IDE
Arduino.
Sensor placement is at an estimated distance of 300 cm or 3 meters from sea level, on the
prototype indicator there are 3 states that are safe, danger and out of reach (Pwrx.com).
When safe conditions mean seawater conditions are still in safe range according to the
coding program, in this condition, there is no data sent to GSM SIM900A Module because it
is the possibility of safe distance. In condition -2 that is a dangerous condition. This condition
allows the transmission of sensor data to GSM Module SIM900A due to the position or
condition of the drastic drastic sea water that triggers the possibility of a tsunami, after
ultrasonic sensors read the sea water distance conditions in accordance with the coding
program that has been entered, then the data sent to SIM900A for later sent to Smartphone. In
the 3rd condition, the sensor does not read any normal distance or it is said out of the range. In
this condition, the sensor does not provide any output at all and awaits the occurrence of

ICASI 2019, July 18-19, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Copyright © 2019 EAI
DOI 10.4108/eai.18-7-2019.2288588
distance changes in the seawater in accordance with the program code processed by the
Arduino under normal or legible conditions.

2. Hardware Required
The hardware and modules to create this prototype with include the Arduino
Microcontroller, ultrasonic sensor, SIM900A module, LED indicator, Buzzer, and
corresponding Board. An explanation of each hardware component will be grounded at each
point in the next sub-chapter.
2.1 The ultrasonic sensor
The ultrasonic sensor is a sensor that uses sound waves to measure or know the distance
of an object in this case, is sea water. ultrasonic sensors can also be called the SONAR (Sound
Navigation and Ranging) sensor, ultrasonic sensor works by sending sound waves at a certain
frequency ( 40 KHz), Please note that the sound waves move in the air about 344 meters / s or
1129 feet / s, then to calculate the total distance of sound waves emitted by the ultrasonic
sensor to the object field ie sea water and back again received by the ultrasonic sensor is the
delivery distance is multiplied by 2, so to measure the distance from the ultrasonic sensor
readings to the plane of the object on 1 trip is distance= speed of sound x time taken / 2 or S =
344 x t / 2, explanation of distance can be seen in figure 2.The ultrasonic sensor used is using
type HC-SR04 which has the following specifications, distance detection range is 2 cm - 500
cm, the best detection angle is 15 degrees, the voltage used is 5 Volt DC, Frequency 40 KHz,
has 4 feet/pin namely Vcc, Signal ( Trigger & Echo), and Ground. Ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04
dimension can be seen in figure 1.

Fig. 1. Ultrasonic Sensor Dimension.

Water level measurements using ultrasonic sensors have been successfully tested, that
the result is a change in water level can be detected by ultrasonic sensors in the range <=500m
distance from the object ie the water surface. Based on figure 1 show the size of the ultrasonic
sensor or ping sensor, for the dimensions of the ultrasonic sensor, the size used is as follows,
for the length of the sensor is 1.8 inches (45.7 mm) for the width is 0.84 inches (21.3 mm). on
the sensor Ping or ultrasonic sensor has 2 versions ultrasonic using 3 feet input and Output
data and it is ultrasonic with 4 feet input output. the difference is on for Pin Signal is divided
into 2 outputs ie Trigger and Echo. A trigger is used as a generator Ultrasonic and Echo
signals are the pins used for indicators. This Ultrasonic type is HC-SR04, the other 2 pins are
Pin Ground and VCC, Ground is O Volt Power Supply and VCC is Voltage 5 Volt.
 Fig. 2. The Ultrasonic Sensor Actual Distance.

2.2 SIM 900A Modul

SIM 900A is GSM / GPRS module which is used to send message or phone. SIM900A
features Quad Band 850/900/1800/1900 MHz and can be used on GSM networks in various
countries, GPRS multi-slot class 10/8, GPRS mobile station Class B, Compliant to GSM
Phase 2/2 +, Class 1 (1 W (AT) 1800/1900 MHz), Command AT Command - Standard
Commands: GSM 07.07 & 07.05, Enhanced Command: SIMCOM AT Commands. Short
Message Service (SMS), Embedded TCP / UDP Stack, RTC Support, Serial Port Selection
(3.3 Volts and 5 Volts), There are Jack speakers and Headphones (on certain breakout board
types), Low power consumption - 1.5mA (Sleep mode), and working at a temperature of -40 c
to +85 C. SIM900A module is shown in figure 3.

Fig. 3. SIM900A Module.

Figure 3 shows the module SIM900A antenna version, in this mode do not use adapter
power supply. Shape and specification of SIM 900A module as shown in figure 3. but SIM
900A module has input specification different outputs, at the input of the sim900a module I
use using the VCC Pin input, Data, and GND, but there is a Module version SIM900A using
RS232 output input type and adapter power supply of 9-12 Volt DC depending on SIM900A
series used. for more details, SIM900A Module is described in the schematic on figure 4.
 Fig. 4. SIM 900A Schematic.

2.3 Arduino Board

Arduino is also called Microcontroller ATmega 328P, because Microcontroller used on
arduino board is ATmega 328P.Arduino board is very familiar to date used for various
research projects with the combination of various sensors for example is an ultrasonic sensor
to know the distance of an object. arduino board shown in figure 5.

Fig. 5. Arduino Board.

Figure 6 shows The pins of the ATmega 328 P microcontroller used on the Arduino
board, the ATmega 328p version visible to ATmega 8, which distinguishes the existing
assembly code on different microcontrollers 8 and 328p to support the programming of C
Arduino board.
 Fig. 6. ATmega 328 P Pin.

2.4 Arduino IDE

Arduino programming is done through a software that is Arduino IDE (Integrated
Development Environment) where the software is obtained in open source. The Arduino IDE
makes it possible to program the languages that will be understood by Arduino in this case the
C language. Figure 7 shows the Integrated Development Environtment of the Arduino Board.

Fig. 7. Arduino IDE.

3. Sistem Developments
3.1 Prototype
The prototype design stages are as follows: The basic wiring is the Arduino Board and
SIM900A, shown in figure 8. On the 2nd wiring, we will connect the Arduino with LCD
device, Ultrasonic Sensor, Buzzer and Potentiometer, shown in figure 9. The resulting
prototype can be seen in figure 12. The prototype was first made using breadboard which then
developed using PCB (Printed Circuit Board).
 Fig. 8. The Arduino Board and SIM900A.

In Figure 8 shows the first step in connecting using SIM900A, there are 5 pins that will
connect to the Arduino Board, the first T (Transmitter) to Digital Pin 7 Arduino, R (Receiver)
to Digital Pin 8 Arduino, GND (Ground) to GND Arduino, and 5 v power supply to pin 5 Volt
Arduino. In SIM900A Module there is SIM Port, SIM This port is used to place SIM card,
Provider SIM card that can be used is TELKOMSEL, XL OR INDOSAT, Or other cards
according to area or location you are. table 1 will explain in detail the connection between
Arduino board and SIM900A along with the function of the connection. Next, is the setting of
SIM900A can be seen in SIM900A configuration -1.

Table 1. Connection Table Arduino Board and SIM900A Module.

N Arduino Board SIM900A Module Function
o
1 5 Volt 5 Volt Pin Power Supply
2 GND ( 0 Volt ) Power Supply GND Pin Grounding to SIM900A
3 GND ( 0 Volt ) Pin 6 Grounding to Pin SIM900A
4 Pin 8 Pin 3 Receiver
5 Pin 7 Pin 4 Transceiver

There are 2 settings in SIM900A Module which is set when to send Short Message
Service (SMS) on AT-Command and Settings when receiving Short Message Service (SMS)
on AT-Command. When sending using AT + CMGS commands and when receiving or
viewing incoming messages using AT + CMGL commands.
After configuration on Arduino and SIM900A Microcontroller has been successful,
immediately stored its program code such as AT-Command on SIM900A on IDE Arduino.
 Then the next stage is the installation of 16x2 LCD as an indicator and ultrasonic sensor as a
data giver distance. 16x2 LCD with a potentiometer to adjust brightness and Contrast from
16x2 LCD. Settings and Wiring can be seen in Figure 9.

Fog. 9. Arduino Board Wiring, 16x2 LCD, and Ultrasonic Sensor.

The complete configuration between the pins of the 3 modules of LCD 16X2, Arduino
Board and Ultrasonic sensor described in table 2.

To Sending SMS

AT+CMGS="+6282143634134" <ENTER>
v.2 to read SMS / Receive SMS
AT + CMGL = "ALL" <ENTER>
It will appear all incoming SMS, if you want only at certain times, eg
2, then written as follows:
AT + CMGR = 3 <ENTER>
The modem will list the single message:
+ CMGR: "REC READ", "+ 6282143634134" ,, "23/02 / 18,15: 56:
02 + 07"
Test message 3
OK

Configuration 1. AT-Command Configuration By SIM900A Modul

Fig. 10. Arduino Board, 16x2 LCD, Ultrasonic Sensor and Buzzer Wiring.

Table 2. Description Connection between Arduino Board, LCD 16x2 and Ultrasonic Sensor.
Arduino LCD 16 x Potensiomete Ultrasonic
2 r Sensor Function
Pin 2 Pin 14 - - Configuration or Setting LCD 16x2
Pin 3 Pin 13 - - Configuration or Setting LCD 16x2
Pin 4 Pin 12 - - Configuration or Setting LCD 16x2
Pin 5 Pin 11 - - Configuration or Setting LCD 16x2
Pin 9 Pin 6 - - Configuration or Setting LCD 16x2
Pin 10 Pin 4 - - Configuration or Setting LCD 16x2
Pin 11 - - Echo Receiver/ Indicator
Pin 13 - Trigger Signal Generator Ultrasonik
GND GND GND GND Grounding 0 Volt Power Supply

VCC 5 VCC 5 VCC 5 Volt VCC 5 Volt Power Supply 5 Volt DC

Volt Volt
- Pin 3 Pin data - Manual Setting LCD 16x2 (Brighness
(center pin) and Contrast)

3.2 Add an Sound indicator on the prototype

After the installation and program code in Figure 9 is completed, added again Buzzer as
voice indicator. The buzzer is used as an indicator when distance indicates unsafe state, for
that besides 16x2 LCD as an indicator, Buzzer is expected to increase the Indicator's
complexity on a prototype. Installation of buzzer shown in figure 10, Buzzer used has a
voltage of 5 volts, buzzer or piezo has 2 pins that are GND and Data, for Data entry on Digital
pin 8 Arduino Board. for wiring in figure 10 there is no change like figure 9, the difference is
the addition of voice indicator piezo or buzzer 5 Volt. The function of the buzzer is as a
complement to the prototype, although the buzzer function here is not too important because
there is already a SIM900A role as a data sender or a very important indicator. On table 3
explain about Description Connection between Arduino Board and Piezo or Buzzer.

Table 3: Description Connection between Arduino Board and Piezo or Buzzer.

Arduino LCD 16 x Potensiomete Ultrasonic
2 r Sensor Buzzer Function
VCC - - - - 5 Volt DC Power
Supply
GND - - - GND 0 Volt Power Supply
Pin 8 - - - Pin Vcc Sound or Buzzer

Buzzer or Piezo Specification used is Type B27M2 which has a current consumption of
15 mA With a voltage of 1.5 to 27 Volt DC.

3.3 Completed Prototype

After the addition of buzzer to the prototype successfully completed, the next step is to
combine the schematic in picture 1, 3 and 4 so that can be seen schematic in Figure 8. Figure 8
describes the merger between GSM Module SIM900A device with an ultrasonic sensor that
has been combined in one module.
 Fig. 11. Wiring with all SIM900A devices and GSM Shield.

For the wiring explanation of the prototype in figure 11, it is shown in tables 1, 2 and 3.
In figure 11, R should be at pin 8 and T at pin 7, because pin 8 is used buzzer so in connect to
pin 9 for R its. It is the same, has no effect. Stay changed on Source code alone. Similarly, the
original source code uses Arduino 1.0.5 of the no.4 circuit above, for the buzzer to be at pin
12. TX, RX is on pins 7 and 8. The next step is to do testing and coding then do the test
directly, Figure 12 shows the prototype testing. the first way of testing is to detect ultrasonic
sensors with object areas such as water or walls, by placing large variables on the Arduino
language program eg 30 Cm is a dangerous distance that will give the sound indicator sounds
and sends a signal to GSM Module to be sent to Smartphone or handphone for more details,
the schematic in Figure 13 will explain how the relationship between Atmega 328p
microcontroller with SIM900A, buzzer, 16x2 LCD and other components.

Fig. 12.: Prototype Tsunami Detector.

Fig. 13 . Prototype Schematic.

3.4. Flowchart
The flowchart in Figure 14 shows how the prototype works when it starts up to send data
of distance from echo Pin to mobile phone. The method used is Continuous Wave Method or
Ultrasonic Echo Pulse Method, consisting of Refraction and diffraction Using Ultrasonic
Sensor to measure the distance of seawater at a certain distance which has been determined by
Microcontroller AT mega 328p so that when the distance of sea water is in accordance with
the distance that has been determined at a distance > = 200 && <= 300, then Prototype will
send the sea water receding data to the module SIM 900A and turn on Buzzer as an indicator
of danger.

Fig. 14. Flowchart of Prototipe.

4. Performance And Evaluation

The first stage of testing is a prototype to detect high low sea water causing prototype will
take the initial conclusion that the possibility of tsunami occurrence. In this test confirmed the
distance is read by the ultrasonic sensor, for example in the range of 1 meter, ultrasonic
sensors can still read any distance changes. The next stage is from the data provided by
ultrasonic sensors will then be sent to the Smartphone via GSM Modem SIM900A module.
Here is the ultrasonic sensor testing of distance, the maximum distance of the ultrasonic data
pulse is 319 cm or 3, 19 m. above that ultrasonic range cannot read, the data read by ultrasonic
is the high low of sea water.

Tabel 4. The condition of the seawater on sending data to the GSM module SIM900A.
No the distance of the sensor to Delivery of data to GSM Buzzer Condition
the water (cm) SIM900A Module on Prototype

1 Distance >=1 & <=199 No off

2 Distance >=200 & <=300 Sending Message Warning On

3 Distance >= 319 || <= 0 Out of ranges Off

The reading of ultrasonic sensors to the distance to the sea water is expressed in
percentage shown in the graph in figure 15.
 Fig. 15. Graph of percentage ultrasonic sensor readings against distance to sea water.

The prototype design that will be installed on the shoreline is depicted in Figure 16, there
are 4 possible conditions during the tsunami. The first condition is a safe or normal situation,
in which case the position of the seawater and the sensor is the safe position shown in Table 4.
The second condition is the breaking of the plates which makes the waves, after this slab is
broken seawater conditions are shown in the next picture is receding or drastic receding
conditions so that the sensor directly read the sea water range conditions and sensors that are
not normal so that the sensor send SMS and alarm alert sounds. next condition is a tsunami
condition where the water overflows to the coast.
In the latter case, the toughness of the sensor in resisting the onslaught of the
overflowing ocean waves depends on how the designs are made, ranging from a prototype
protective box that must be waterproof and a prototype buffer pole strong against large wave
shocks. However, in this research, we need to add more variables that can be used to conduct
research or research on the tsunami, not only the receding water and vibration due to
earthquake based on the sea that is detected by the sensor.

Fig. 16. Prototype Process Works and Tsunami condition.

5. Conclusion
This prototype successfully tested and run well, the next step is to put the prototype on the
beach with sea water level and sensor <= 319 cm. because beyond that range or larger, the
sensor cannot read the object that is sea water. So it is necessary to have specific data about
seawater conditions and the resulting vibration.
From the prototype made it is expected to reduce the death of coastal populations due to
a sudden tsunami and no sign of any so that with this prototype can provide information as
soon as possible using prototype made based on early indications of the tsunami disaster.

Acknowledgements
Dr. Widi Setiawan, Dr. Purwadi Rahardjo MSc, Alim Safari, S.T. ( Inkubator-
Technology )
The method of measuring the distance with the ultrasonic sensor is to utilize ultrasonic
wave velocity constant of 1130 feet / second or 344 m / s so to cover a distance of 1 cm takes
29 μs. by calculating the ultrasonic travel time then divided by 29 μs it will get the
distance.For PING sensor then the measurement step as follows: Create an ultrasonic signal
with a frequency of 40 KHz by means of a SIG pin made HIGH for 2 μs s / d 5 μs.
Wait until about 750 μs. The ultrasonic wave will radiate up towards the target then it
will be reflected back to the PING sensor. As long as the ultrasonic has not been received back
by the sensor, the logic condition of the SIG pin is HIGH. Turn on the timer (to calculate the
travel time) and wait until the ultrasonic wave is received back (as reflected) with the SIG pin
marks changed to LOW. If the ultrasonic signal has been received again turn the timer off.
Calculated travel time is 2 times the distance that is sent - receive (or common language go -
home). The travel time of the sensor with the target means the total travel time divided by 2.
distance between sensor and target = sensor travel time to target / 29 μs (cm).

Rafi Pradata, Mochammad Rif'an and Eka Maulana, Brawijaya University.

SIM900A device is used as one of the devices to secure the car, in addition to the
security system that already owned the car ie alarm, magnet, and other keys. SIM900A device
installed in prototype allows to know the location of the car and can switch off and start the
engine automatically using the module device you created.

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