Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM

Learning Guide Module

Subject Code Mathematics 1

Module Code 2.0 (Real Number Systems 2)
Lesson Code 2.5.1 (Properties of Integers; Operations on Integers)
Time Limit 30 minutes
TARGET

By the end of this module, the student is expected to:

1. state the properties of integers; and
2. perform operations (addition and subtraction) on integers.

3 mins HOOK

We have learned about the different sets of signed numbers which are subsets of the
set of integers. Now we will apply the concept of positive and negative integers in
solving real-life problems..

Sam has ₱𝟐𝟓𝟎. 𝟎𝟎 and went to a fast-food restaurant for lunch. He wants to have a
burger that costs ₱𝟏𝟎𝟗. 𝟎𝟎, chicken nuggets that costs ₱𝟓𝟗. 𝟎𝟎, onion rings that
costs ₱𝟑𝟗. 𝟎𝟎 and a mocha sundae that costs ₱𝟒𝟗. 𝟎𝟎. If his money enough to buy
all the food he wants?

The total amount of the food Sam wants for lunch is ₱256.00
109 + 59 + 39 + 49 = 256
If Sam has only ₱250.00, then his money is not enough.
250 − 256 = −6
In this example, Sam’s money is less than what he intends to spend, which shows the
concept of negative integers.

Adding and subtracting integers gives us a lot of possibilities as shown below.

+ + + +

+ − + −

+ 𝟎 + 𝟎

𝟎 + 𝟎 +

− − − −

− + − +

− 𝟎 − 𝟎

𝟎 − 𝟎 −

Mathematics 1 page 1 of 6
12 mins IGNITE

We do not need to memorize all the possibilities in adding and subtracting integers.
We just have to apply the rules and properties of operations of integers.

Adding integers with the same sign

+ + − −

When adding integers with the same sign, add the absolute values of the integers and
then use their common sign for the sum.

Example:
1. 5 + 8 = 13
Note: The sum of two positive numbers is a positive number.

2. (−8) + (−25) = −33

The absolute values of the sum of −8 and −25 are 8 and 25. The sum of 8 and 25 is
33, therefore the result is −33.
Note: Do not write −8 + −25, " + −" is an incorrect notation.

Adding integers with different signs

+ − − +

When adding integers with different signs, subtract the absolute values of the integers
and then use the sign of the integer with the larger absolute value.

Example:

3. −5 + 8 = 3
The absolute values of −5 and 8 are 5 and 8. The difference is 3, the sign of the
larger absolute value is positive, therefore the sum is 3.

4. 8 + (−25) = −17
The absolute values of 8 and −25 are 8 and 25. The difference is 17, the sign of the
larger absolute value is negative, therefore the result is −17.

Subtraction of integers
+ + − −

+ − − +
For any integers 𝑎 and 𝑏,
𝑎 − 𝑏 = 𝑎 + (−𝑏)

Example:
Positive integer minus a positive integer
+ +
1. 5 − 8 = 5 + (−8) = −3

Mathematics 1 page 2 of 6
Negative integer minus a negative integer
− −
2. −5 − (−8) = −5 + 8 = 3

Positive integer minus a negative integer

+ −
3. 8 − (−25) = 8 + 25 = 33

Negative integer minus a positive integer

− +
4. −8 − 25 = −8 + (−25) = −33

Adding integers using the number line

Another way to add integers is by using the number line.
To add a positive integer, move to the right.

To add a negative integer, move to the left.

Find the sum of the integers using a real number line.

1. 5 + 8

Starting at the origin or 0, move 5 units to the right ending at 5, From there, move
8 units to the right ending at 13. Therefore, 5 + 8 = 13.

2. (−8) + (−25)

Starting at 0, move 8 units to the left ending at −5, From there, move 25 units to the
right ending at −33. Therefore, (−8) + (−25) = −33.

3. −5 + 8

Starting at 0, move 5 units to the left ending at −5, From there, move 8 units to the
right ending at 3. Therefore, −5 + 8 = 3.
4. 8 + (−25)

Starting at 0, move 8 units to the right ending at 8. From there, move 25 units to the
left ending at −17. Therefore, 8 + (−25) = −17.

Mathematics 1 page 3 of 6
 5. 8 + (−2) + (−9) + 5
Starting at the origin or 0, move 8 units to rights since the first number is positive 8,
then move 2 units to the left, 9 units to the left, and 5 units to the right. The endpoint
would be the sum of the integers. Therefore, 8 + (−2) + (−9) + 5 = 2.

Subtracting integers using the number line.

Find the difference of 5 and 8 using a real number line.

Starting at 0, move 5 units to the right ending at 5. Subtraction means adding the
opposite, so move 8 units to the left to reverse the direction ending at −3. Therefore,
the difference of 5 and 8 is −3, which is expressed as 5 − 8 = −3.

10 mins NAVIGATE

Check your understanding.

A. Find the sum or difference of the following expressions.

1. 1 + (−17)
2. (−3) + 15
3. (−5) + (−25)
4. 8 + (−21)
5. (−9) − 23
6. (−29) − (−13)

B. Use the number line to find the sum or difference of the following expressions.
1. 2 + 5
2. (−3) + 8
3. (−7) + (−9)
4. 4 + (−2)
5. (−1) − 3
6. (−2) − (−4)

5 mins KNOT

The following properties are useful in performing operations on integers.

Commutative Property of Addition

For any integers 𝑎 and 𝑏,
𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝑏 + 𝑎.
Example:
2 + (−3) = (−3) + 2
−1 = −1

Associative Property of Addition

For any integers 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐,
(𝑎 + 𝑏) + 𝑐 = 𝑎 + (𝑏 + 𝑐).
Example:
[2 + (−3)] + 5 = 2 + [−3 + 5]
−1 + 5 = 2 + (2)
4=4

Mathematics 1 page 4 of 6
 Additive Identity Property
For any integer 𝑎,
𝑎 + 0 = 0 + 𝑎 = 𝑎.

+ 𝟎 +

𝟎 + +

− 𝟎 −

𝟎 − −

Example:
2+0=0+2=2

Additive Inverse Property

For any integer 𝑎, there is a unique number −𝑎 such that
𝑎 + (−𝑎) = 0.
Example:
2 + (−2) = 0

Note:
1. The commutative property of addition shows that changing the order of
addition does not change the answer.
2. The associative property of addition shows that regrouping does not change
the answer.
3. The sum of an integer and its opposite or additive inverse is 0.

References:
Dugopolski, M. (2006). Elementary and Intermediate Algebra (2nd ed.). The McGraw-Hill Companies,
Inc.

Larson, A., Boswell, L., Kanold, T., & Stiff, L. (2005). McDougal Littell Pre-Algebra. McDougal
Littell.

Albarico, J.M. (2013). THINK Framework. Based on Ramos, E.G. and N. Apolinario. (n.d.) Science
LINKS. Quezon City: Rex Bookstore Inc.

Prepared by: Glaiza T. Manaloto Reviewed by: Fortunato A. Tacuboy III

Position: Special Science Teacher V Position: Special Science Teacher V
Campus: PSHS-CLC Campus: PSHS-MC

Solution/answer key for odd-numbered items.

A. Find the sum or difference of the following expressions.
1. 1 + (−17) = −16
3. (−5) + (−25) = −30
5. (−9) − 23 = −32

Mathematics 1 page 5 of 6
B. Use the number line to find the sum or difference of the following expressions.
1. 2 + 5 = 7

3. (−7) + (−9) = −16

5. (−1) − 3 = −4

Mathematics 1 page 6 of 6