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1.2.TEST of Proportions Solved Problems

The document discusses two examples of hypothesis testing of population proportions: [1] A study that tested whether dogs could detect bladder cancer in urine samples better than random chance. The null hypothesis that the dog's prediction rate was 1/7 was rejected, providing evidence the dogs could detect cancer above random levels. [2] A survey that tested whether a majority of Americans favor legalizing marijuana. The null hypothesis that the proportion is 1/2 was rejected based on a very small p-value, providing evidence that over half of Americans do favor legalization. Both examples calculated test statistics and p-values to evaluate the null hypotheses at a 0.05 significance level, finding evidence to reject the nulls

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58 views2 pages

1.2.TEST of Proportions Solved Problems

The document discusses two examples of hypothesis testing of population proportions: [1] A study that tested whether dogs could detect bladder cancer in urine samples better than random chance. The null hypothesis that the dog's prediction rate was 1/7 was rejected, providing evidence the dogs could detect cancer above random levels. [2] A survey that tested whether a majority of Americans favor legalizing marijuana. The null hypothesis that the proportion is 1/2 was rejected based on a very small p-value, providing evidence that over half of Americans do favor legalization. Both examples calculated test statistics and p-values to evaluate the null hypotheses at a 0.05 significance level, finding evidence to reject the nulls

Uploaded by

Koko Gonzales
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 1.2.

Significance Testing of Population Proportion

Perform what is asked for in each problem.

1. Let’s try: Dogs Detecting Cancer by Smell. Recent research suggests that dogs may be helpful in
detecting when a person has cancer. In this example, we describe a study investigating
whether dogs can be trained to distinguish a patient with bladder cancer by smelling certain
compounds in the patient’s urine. One sample from a cancer patient was placed among 6
control urine samples. In fifty-four trials, the dogs correctly identified the bladder cancer sample
15 times. Did this study provide strong evidence that the dog’s predictions were better than
random guessing? Let  = 0.05.
(a) State the null and alternative hypotheses
• 𝐻0 :  = 1/7
• 𝐻𝐴 :  > 1/7

(b) Calculate the test statistic

15 1
−
𝑧𝑐 = 54 7
1 1
√7 (1 − 7)
54
𝑧𝑐 = 2.84
(c) Calculate the p-value

p-value = 0.5 – 0.4977

p-value = 0.0023

(d) State the conclusion

Since p-value < 0.05, 0.0023 < 0.05, we reject the 𝐻0 , accept the 𝐻𝐴.
Yes, this study provides a strong evidence that the dog’s predictions were better than random
guessing. This sample research suggests that dogs are helpful in detecting when a person has bladder
cancer.
2. A survey is carried out to determine whether or not a majority of American adults approve of
the legalization of marijuana. In October of this year, Gallup conducted a survey of 1,028 adults,
and found that 596 of them favor legalizing marijuana. Is there evidence to suggest that a
majority of Americans favor the legalization of marijuana? Carry out a hypothesis test by
completing the following steps, and using a level of significance of 0.05:
(a) State the null and alternative hypotheses
• 𝐻0 :  = 1/2
• 𝐻𝐴 :  > 1/2
(b) Calculate the test statistic

596 1
−
𝑧𝑐 = 1028 2
1 1
√2 (1 − 2)
1028
𝑧𝑐 = 5.12

(c) Calculate the p-value

p-value is very small such that we cannot determine the area between z=0 and z=5.12 under the
normal curve table.
(d) State the conclusion

The p-value is very small, lesser than the 0.05, reject the 𝐻0 , accept the 𝐻𝐴 .
Yes, there evidence to suggest that a majority of Americans favor the legalization of marijuana.

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