Boiler IN PR1

RC FEEDER INTERLOCK & PROTECTION 1
PROTECTION& INTERLOCK
CLASSIFICATION OF BOILER
PROTECTIONS & INTERLOCKS
FURNANCE SAFEGAURD SUPERVISORY BOILER AUXILIARIES INTERLOCK &

SYSTEM(FSSS) PROTECTION
This system takes care of interlocks This system takes care of sequence of
required for starting, supervising the starting protection & interlock of boiler
operating & safe shutdown of the auxiliaries like
equipments connected with fuel firing 1) ID fans
system like 2) FD fans
1) Purge Interlock 3) PA fans
2) LOTV control & supervision 4) APH
3) HOTV control & supervision 5) MILL
4) Pulveriser interlocks 6) RC FEEDER
5) SADC- on/off & supervision 7) REHEATER Protection
6) Flame Intelligence & checking
7) Boiler flame failure protection
8) Boiler Trip protection
2
RC FEEDER INTERLOCK & PROTECTION
Furnace Safeguard Supervisory System(FSSS)
Introduction to FSSS
Furnace safeguard Supervisory System

It is designed to ensure the execution of safe, orderly operating sequence in
start up and shutdown of fuel firing equipments and to prevent error of
omission and commissioning in following such a safe operating procedure.
• FSSS system supervises, controls and monitors the preparation,

distribution and admission of fuel & air into the furnace and execution
and enforcement of pre-established safe firing procedure.
• The FSSS provides permissive interlocks only to ensure safe start up

sequence of equipment.
3
FSSS is designed to perform the following functions:
• Prevent any fuel firing unless a satisfactory furnace purge sequence has
first been completed.
• Prevent start-up of individual fuel firing equipment unless certain permissive
interlocks have first been satisfied.
• Monitor & control the proper sequence (Manual or Automatic) during start-
up and shutdown of fuel firing equipment.
• Make continued operation of fuel firing equipment subject to certain safety
interlocks remaining satisfied.
• Provide status feedback to the operator and in some cases, to the unit
control system.
• Provide flame supervision when fuel firing equipment is in service and affect
a fuel trip upon certain adverse operating conditions.
• Initiate a fuel trip when certain abnormal operating conditions exist. 4
FSSS’s Operational Function:
1) FURNACE PURGE SUPERVISION.
2) LIGHT OIL ON/OFF CONTROL & SUPERVISION.
3) HEAVY OIL ON/OFF CONTROL & SUPERVISION.
4) PULVERISER CONTROL & SUPERVISION.
a. Pulveriser discharge valve control.
b. Pulveriser ignition permissive.
c. Pulveriser ready permissive.
d. Pulveriser on/off control.
e. Hot air gate open/close control
f. Feeder start/stop control.
5) SADC - ON/OFF CONTROL & SUPERVISION.
6) FLAME SCANNER INTELLIGENCE & CHECKING.
a. Scanner air fan control.
b. Flame scan output indication.
c. Flame failure trip.
7) BOILER TRIP PROTECTION 5
• Furnace Purge
Before any fuel firing can take place, (initially or after a boiler trip) a
successful furnace purge cycle must be completed. To start furnace purge
cycle
• Establish AC/DC supply to FSSS equipments.
• Bring normal water level in drum. A
N PURGE
• Take at least one ID&FD fans in service. D READY
• Establish airflow between 30% to 40% of MCR
START Press
PURGING
PURGE “START
PURGE”
button
5 minute count down
timer ON 6
• Furnace Purge
If PURGE READY signal is not available, then check the following
conditions are satisfied
• Light oil trip valve is proven closed.
• Light oil nozzle valves are proven closed.
• Heavy oil trip valve is proven closed.
• Heavy oil nozzle valves are fully closed.
• All PA fans are off.
• All feeders are off.
• All hot air gates are fully closed.
• All the flame scanners show “NO FLAME”
• No boiler trip command is present.
• Airflow between 30% & 40% MCR.
• All auxiliary dampers are modulating.
7
LIGHT OIL TRIP VALVE CONTROL(LOTV)
• Conditions to be fulfilled to open LOTV after successful purging
A
Light oil supply pressure is adequate “LOTV OPEN”
N
All LO nozzle valve proven closed in AB elev D Permissive ok
• Conditions leading to close LOTV automatically

MFT
Tripping
Any Light oil nozzle valve not closed or command to
Light oil header pressure very low and close LOTV
Any light oil nozzle valve not closed

Atomizing air pressure very low and
No light oil Start/Stop in Elevation AB
AIR
FM To AB elevation
LDO LOFCV burners
LOTV
HEAVY OIL TRIP VALVE CONTROL(HOTV)
• HOTV opening conditions
HORTV is fully open and
HOTV close command is not present
All heavy oil nozzle valves are closed

No MFT condition is present or “HOTV OPEN”
permissive satisfied
HO supply pressure is adequate and and
HO supply temperature is adequate
HOTV close command is not present
FM
To AB,CD,EF
HFO HOFCV
elevation burners
HOTV
Return line to
tanks
HORTV
Steam RC FEEDER INTERLOCK & PROTECTION 9
HEAVY OIL TRIP VALVE CONTROL
• HOTV closing conditions
Master fuel trip
and
HO Recirculation valve is not closed
If any of the conditions exist for more than 5 sec
CLOSE
Atomizing steam pressure very low or command to
HOTV
No HO start or stop in any elevation and
Any HO nozzle valve not closed

or
HO header pressure very low

and
HO header temperature very low

and
*Also HO commanded to close under loss of 220VDC
PULVERISER CONTROL
PULVERSISER DISCHARGE VALVE CONTROL:
•The pulveriser discharge valve can be opened manually by depressing the push-button on
the console insert.
•The valve can be manually closed by the push-button on the console insert only when the
pulveriser is off. The corresponding indications are available on the console insert as Red and
Green lamps for open and close positions respectively
11
PULVERISER CONTROL
 PULVERISER IGNITION PERMIT:
Prior to starting any feeder, the feeder ignition energy must be adequate to support coal firing. This is
accomplished all 6 elevations as follows:
PULVERISER "A“
A minimum of 3 of the 4-elevation “AB“ oil nozzle valves proven open Permit signal to
Boiler loading is greater than 30% or start PULVERISER A
Feeder “B” is in service at greater than 50% loading and
PULVERISER "B“
A minimum of 3 of the 4-elevation “AB“oil nozzle valves proven open
Permit signal to
Boiler loading is greater than 30% or start PULVERISER B
and
Feeder “A” is in service at greater than 50% loading.

or
Feeder “C” is in service at greater than 50% loading.
PULVERISER "C"
A minimum of 3 of the 4-elevation “CD“oil nozzle valves proven open
Boiler loading is greater than 30% Permit signal to
Feeder “B” is in service at greater than 50% loading and or start PULVERISER
or C
Feeder “D” is in service at greater than 50% loading
A minimum of 3 of the 4-elevation “AB“oil nozzle valves proven open and
Feeder “B” is in service at greater than 50% loading.
12
PULVERISER CONTROL
 PULVERISER IGNITION PERMIT:
PULVERISER "D"
A minimum of 3 of the 4-elevation “CD“ oil nozzle valves proven open.
Permit signal to
Boiler loading is greater than 30% or
start
and PULVERISER D
Feeder “C” is in service at greater than 50% loading.
or
Feeder “E” is in service at greater than 50% loading.
PULVERISER "E“
A minimum of 3 of the 4-elevation “EF“oil nozzle valves proven open
Boiler loading is greater than 30% Permit signal to
Feeder “D” is in service at greater than 50% loading. and or start
Feeder “F” is in service at greater than 50% loading. or PULVERISER E
A minimum of 3 of the 4-elevation “CD“ oil nozzle valves proven open and
Feeder “D” is in service at greater than 50% loading.
PULVERISER "F“
A minimum of 3 of the 4-elevation “EF“oil nozzle valves proven open.
Permit signal to
or start
Boiler loading is greater than 30% PULVERISER F
and
Feeder “C” is in service at greater than 50% loading
13
PULVERISER CONTROL
HOT AIR GATE(HAG) CONTROL:
• CONDITIONS FOR HAG OPEN

PULVERISER ON
and
PULVERISER AUTO START or
OPEN COMMAND TO
HOT AIR GATE
MANUAL MODE and
OPEN HAG FROM PUSH BOTTON
• CONDITIONS FOR HAG CLOSE
CLOSE HAG COMMAND EXIT>30 SECS CLOSE COMMAND TO

PULVERISER OFF or HOT AIR GATE
LOSS OF 24V DC IN ELEVATION
14
MASTER FUEL TRIP
• If some abnormal condition occurs(like less than 30% air ), Master Fuel Trip
Relay acts and ensures the closure of Heavy Oil Trip valve (HOTV) and all
light Oil Nozzle Valves (LONV), thus cutting off total oil supply.
• Thus MFT ensures a safe shut down of the boiler in case of any abnormal
conditions in boiler/ furnace.
• It also ensures the stopping of all pulverizer systems and Primary Air (PA)
fans, cutting off total coal supply to boiler. The various abnormal operating
conditions under which Master Fuel Trip occurs are as follows:-
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MASTER FUEL TRIP CONDITIONS
1. Drum level very low > 5 seconds.

2. Drum level very high > 10 seconds.
3. Both FD Fans off.
4. Both ID Fans off.
5. Air flow is less than 30% (318.03Tons/Hr )
6. Furnace pressure very low.
7. Furnace pressure very high.
8. Loss of all fuel trip.
9. Unit flame failure trip.
10. Loss of 220V DC for more than 2 seconds
11. Less than fire ball and loss of 110V AC at any elevation in service.
12. Loss of Reheater protection.
13. Both emergency trip Push Buttons pressed (Operator initiated boiler trip).
14. Spare trip.
16
MASTER FUEL TRIP CONDITIONS
When MFT acted, simultaneous impulses shall be given for :-

1) Closing all the nozzle valves (LONV/HONV) and trip valves (LOTV/HOTV).
2) All fuel inputs are stopped by tripping all the mills.
3) Closing all hot air gates(HAG).
4) Tripping all the feeders.
5) All fuel air dampers are opened 100% and transferred to manual.
6) All auxiliary air dampers are opened 100% and transferred to manual.
17
FLAME SCANNER INTELLIGENCE AND CHECKING
 SCANNER AIR FLOW CONTROL
 FLAME SCANNER OUTPUT INDICATION
 FLAME FAILURE PROTECTION
• During light up and until any main fuel (coal) is in service at a fire condition,
the flame scanners do not take part in the overall flame failure protection
system.
• A fire ball condition is established for coal firing when either or both the
adjacent feeders are proven
.AND.
2 out of 4 fireball scanners show flame.
18
 SCANNER AIR FAN CONTROL
Two scanner air fans (1 AC main + 1 DC stand-by) are provided for the unit.
1)AC scanner fan will automatically start if following condition are fulfilled:
After completion of PURGE AND AC Scanner Fan will

ON MFT LOGIC automatically start
2)DC scanner fan will automatically start:
AC scanner fan does’t start >5secs

OR
AC scanner fan trips Start cmd to DC Scanner Fan
Low DP across Furnace to Scanner LOGIC
Duct> 10 secs
3)In the event of 24VDC failure or all FD fans off, scanner’s atmosphere emergency
suction damper will open(at normal condition suction from FD discharge)
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 FLAME SCANNER OUTPUT INDICATION
For AB elevation AND
Feeder B proven OR ELE AB FLAME
Elv. AB 2/4 FB scanner show flame LOGIC
Feeder A proven LOGIC

Arming signal
>2secs
to “FLAME
FAILURE TRIP
PROTECTION”
*Same similar flame indication logic for BC,CD,DE,EF
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 FLAME FAILURE PROTECTION:
• An elevation voting for "No Flame" condition is as described below for the
respective coal and oil elevations.
ELEVATION “A”
Feeder “A” is not proven
ELEVATION A
Elevation AB- 3/4 Fireball scanners shows no flame and or VOTED NO
Elevation AB HO/LO- 2/4 nozzle valves not open FLAME
Elevation AB started and loss of 110V AC power
ELEVATION “B”
Feeder “B” is not proven.
Elevation AB- 3/4 Fireball scanners shows no flame
and
Elevation AB HO/LO- 2/4 nozzle valves not open ELEVATION B
or VOTED NO
FLAME
Elevation AB started and loss of 110V AC power
and
Elevation “BC” 3/4 fire ball scanners show no Flame
ELEVATION “C”
Feeder “C” is not proven.
Elevation CD- 3/4 Fireball scanners shows no flame
and ELEVATION C
Elevation CD HO- 2/4 nozzle valves not open. or VOTED NO
Elevation CD started and loss of 110V AC power. FLAME
Elevation “BC”- 3/4 fire ball scanners show no Flame and
RC FEEDER INTERLOCK
FSSS& PROTECTION 21
 FLAME FAILURE PROTECTION(cont):
ELEVATION “D”
Feeder “D” is not proven
Elevation CD 3 out of 4 Fireball scanners shows no flame and
ELEVATION D
Elevation CD HO 2 out of 4 nozzle valves not open or VOTED NO
Elevation CD started and loss of 110V AC power FLAME
and
Elevation “DE” 3 out of 4 fire ball scanners show no Flame
ELEVATION “E”
Feeder “E” is not proven
Elevation EF 3 out of 4 Fireball scanners shows no flame
and ELEVATION E
Elevation EF HO 2 out of 4 nozzle valves not open or
VOTED NO
Elevation EF started and loss of 110V AC power FLAME
and
Elevation “DE” 3 out of 4 fire ball scanners show no Flame
ELEVATION “F”
Feeder “F” is not proven.
ELEVATION F
Elevation EF 3 out of 4 Fireball scanners shows no flame and or
VOTED NO
Elevation EF HO 2 out of 4 nozzle valves not open FLAME
Elevation EF started and loss of 110V AC power

 FLAME FAILURE PROTECTION(cont):
Any of feeder proven
Elv. F voted no flame
Elv. E voted no flame

AND UNIT FLAME
Elv. D voted no flame LOGIC FAILURE TRIP
SIGNAL
Elv. C voted no flame
Elv. B voted no flame
Elv. A voted no flame
All elevation voting for “No Flame" as described above will cause a unit trip on Flame
Failure trip, provided the flame failure circuit is armed. (Unit Flame failure Trip circuit
is armed 2 seconds after any coal elevation is put into service. i.e. any feeder proven
SADC CONTROL
Secondary Air Damper Control includes both auxiliary & fuel air Damper control
24
SADC CONTROL
A) Auxiliary Air Damper Control:
Auxiliary air damper position at above & below 30% boiler load.
Auxiliary Air Damper Position

Boiler load<30%(opening) Boiler load>30%(closing)
1) When boiler load below 1) Auxiliary air dampers
30% MCR all auxiliary air associated with non
dampers are opened 100% service elevation will close
from top to bottom with
10secs time sequence
2) Furnace to Wind box DP is 2) Furnace to Wind box DP is
maintained approximately increased with respect to
40mmwc oil header pressure.
Note:
During furnace purge, all auxiliary air dampers are in
100% open condition 25
SADC CONTROL
A) Auxiliary Air Damper Control:
1)Conditions leading to Manual control & automatically open of Auxiliary Air Damper
All ID fans OFF OR
Commanded to
All FD fans OFF 100% open
Logic
MFT +
Manual control
Loss of 24V DC
2) Conditions leading to Manual control :

DP trans. deviation very high OR
Thrown to
Failure of selected DP trans. Manual control
Logic
Furnace to Wind Box DP very
High >240mmwc
26
SADC CONTROL
B) Fuel(Coal) Air Damper Control:
Fuel air dampers are modulated with respect to feeder rate
Feeder ON signal 50 seconds > OPEN cmd to

fuel air damper
Feeder OFF signal 50 seconds > CLOSE cmd to

fuel air damper
Note:
During purging all fuel air dampers are in 100% open position.
27
SADC CONTROL
B) Fuel(Coal) Air Damper Control:
1)Conditions leading to Manual control & automatically open of Fuel Air Damper:
All ID fans OFF OR Commanded to
100% open
All FD fans OFF
Logic +
MFT Manual control
Loss of 24V DC
2) Conditions leading to Manual control :
Feeder rate signal failed OR
Thrown to
open cmd from FSSS
Logic Manual control
close cmd from FSSS
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SADC CONTROL
C) Over fire Air Damper Control:
Over fire air dampers are used to control SOx & NOX
1. Lower Over fire air damper will open when boiler load >50% MCR
2. Upper Over fire air damper will open when boiler load>75%MCR
29
BOILER AUXILIARIES INTERLOCK & PROTECTION

ID FAN’S INTERLOCKS & PROTECTION
Conditions existing when the unit is shutdown and prior to starting of ID Fans:
1) ID fan A & B are OFF.
2) Regulating dampers of fans A & B are fully open.
3) Inlet gates of ID fans A & B open.
4) Outlet gates of ID fans A & B open.
5) The regulating dampers and hydraulic coupling will be on manual control
during shutdown and impulse from furnace draft control to regulating
dampers of ID fans disconnected.
31
Starting of ID Fan A (ID Fan B is OFF):
A) ID fan A shall be prohibited from starting till the following conditions are satisfied:
1) Regulating dampers of ID FAN - A in minimum position.
2) Hydraulic coupling scoop tube for ID FAN - A in minimum position & manual.
3) Outlet gate of ID FAN – A closed.
4) Intel gate of ID FAN – A closed.
5) ID FAN - A’s fan & motor bearing temperature not very high.
6) Motor winding temperature not very high.
7) One of APH is running with its inlet & Outlet dampers in open position.
8) Lube oil permissive satisfied(any LOP on & pressure >0.8 ata).
9) Hydraulic coupling of ID Fan-A’s oil level O.K and cooler ready for operation.
10)Flue gas path available(dampers across APH,ESP & FD fan o/l damper open).
32
Starting of ID Fan A (ID Fan B is OFF):
B) When ID fan A is started , impulses shall be given for :-
1) Opening the inlet gate of ID Fan- A after the motor reaches rated speed.
2) Connecting the regulating dampers/scoop tube control of ID Fan – A to
auto control
3) Closing the inlet gate and the outlet gate of ID Fan – B and bring the
regulating dampers/scoop tube control to minimum position
4) Permission to start either FD Fan – A or B
*Same similar interlocks for Starting ID Fan B (ID Fan A is OFF)
33
Tripping of ID Fan A (ID Fan B is OFF):
A) ID fan A will trip automatically under following conditions:-
ID fan A’s fan bearing temp too high>90’c >10secs
ID fan A’s motor bearing temp too high>90’c >10secs
ID fan A’s motor winding temp too high>130’c >10secs
ID fan A’s fan(12.6mm/sec) or Motor(9.6mm/sec) OR Trip

vibration too high>10sec LOGIC signal to
ID fan A
FD fan’s tripping interlock to ID fan
ID fan A ON & its I/T gate closed>30secs
ID fan A’s working oil temp very high>110’c>2secs
ID fan A’s motor protection, eg- earth fault, short-circuit
34
Tripping of ID Fan A (ID Fan B is OFF):
B) When ID fan A trips simultaneous impulse will be give for :-
1) Tripping signal to working FD fan.
2) Tripping signal to Boiler through FSSS.
3) Disconnecting the impulse from auto control to regulating damper and
Hydraulic coupling control.
4) Opening of inlet & outlet gate of ID fan B.
5) Commanded to wide open of regulating damper of ID A & B.
*Same similar interlocks for ID Fan B(ID Fan A is OFF)
35
Starting of ID Fan B (ID Fan A is ON):
A) ID fan B shall be prohibited from starting till the following conditions are satisfied:
1) Regulating dampers of ID FAN - B in minimum position.
2) Hydraulic coupling scoop tube for ID FAN - B in minimum position & manual.
3) Outlet gate of ID FAN – B closed.
4) Intel gate of ID FAN – B closed.
5) ID FAN - B’s fan & motor bearing temperature not very high.
6) ID FAN - B’s Motor winding temperature not very high.
7) Lube oil permissive satisfied(any LOP on & pressure >0.8 ata).
8) ID Fan-B’s Hydraulic coupling oil level O.K.
36
Starting of ID Fan B (ID Fan A is ON):
B) When ID fan B is started (ID fan A is ON), impulses shall be given for :-
1) Opening the inlet gate of ID Fan- B after the motor reaches rated speed.
2) Connecting the regulating dampers/scoop tube control of ID Fan – B to auto
control
3) Permission to start another FD Fan.
*Same similar interlocks for Starting ID Fan A (ID Fan B is ON)
37
Tripping of ID Fan B (ID Fan A is ON):
A) ID fan B will trip automatically under following conditions:-
ID fan B’s fan bearing temp too high> 90’c >10sec
ID fan B’s motor bearing temp too high> 90’c >10sec
ID fan B’s motor winding temp too high130’c>10sec
ID fan B’s fan (12.6mm/sec) or Motor(9.6mm/sec) vibration

OR Trip
too high>10sec
LOGIC signal to
FD fan’s tripping interlock to ID fan ID fan B
ID fan B ON and I/T gate not open>30sec
ID fan B’s hydraulic coupling lub oil pressure very low<0.6Bar
ID fan B’s hydraulic coupling working oil temp very high>110’c for 2sec
ID fan B’s motor protection, eg- earth fault, short circuit

Tripping of ID Fan B (ID Fan A is ON or vise versa):
B) When ID fan B trips simultaneous impulse will be give for :-
1) Disconnecting the impulse from auto control to regulating damper and
Hydraulic coupling control.
2) Bring the regulating damper of ID fan B to minimum position.
3) Bring the hydraulic coupling scoop tube position to minimum.
4) Commanded to close inlet & outlet gate of ID fan B.
5) Tripping signal to one working FD fan( 2 FD fans working).
6) Initialization of Partial load relay to reduce boiler load to 60%MCR.
*Same similar interlocks for ID Fan A(ID Fan B is ON)
39
ID FAN’S LUBRICATION OIL PUMPS:
• There are 2x100% LOPs(1W, 1S) are provided for each ID fans
LOPs will automatically start under following condition(when ID A is ON):
LOP A tripped >30secs OR

START CMD TO LOP B
LOP A is ON & pressure<0.6ATA >30secs LOGIC
LOP B tripped >30secs OR

START CMD TO LOP A
LOP B is ON & pressure<0.6ATA >30secs LOGIC
LOP A or B will automatically stop under following condition(when both LOPs are ON):
LOP A ON
AND
LOP B ON >5secs TRIP CMD TO ANY ONE LOP A or B
Lub Oil pressure>0.8ATA LOGIC
*same similar interlocksRCfor ID INTERLOCK

FEEDER fan B’s&LOPs
PROTECTION 40
FD FAN’S INTERLOCKS & PROTECTION
Conditions existing when the unit is shutdown and prior to starting of FD Fans:
1) FD fan A & B are OFF
2) FD fan A & B blade pitch in maximum position.
3) FD fan blade pitch control disconnected.
4) Lub Oil pumps of FD fans off.
5) Outlet dampers are fully open.
41
Starting of FD Fan A (FD Fan B is OFF):
A)FD fan A shall be prohibited from starting till the following conditions are satisfied:
1) ID fan either A or B is ON.
2) FD FAN – A blade pitch control in minimum position.
3) Outlet damper of FD FAN – A closed
4) Intel gate of FD FAN – A open
5) FD FAN - A’s fan & motor bearing temperature not very high
6) Motor winding temperature not very high
7) FD fan’s Lube oil permissive satisfied(any LOP on & pressure >13bar)
42
Starting of FD Fan A (FD Fan B is OFF):
B) When FD fan A is started (FD fan B is off), impulses shall be given for :-
1) Opening the outlet gate of FD Fan- A after the motor reaches rated speed.
2) Outlet damper of FD Fan – B to close & impeller blades of FAN-B to be
driven to minimum position.
3) Connecting the blade pitch control of Fan – A to auto control.
*Same similar interlocks for Starting FD Fan B (FD Fan B is OFF)
43
Tripping of FD Fan A (FD Fan B is OFF):
A) FD fan A will trip automatically under following conditions:-
FD fan A’s fan bearing temp too high> 105’c >10sec
FD fan A’s motor bearing temp too high> 110’c >10sec
FD fan A’s motor winding temp too high> 130’c >10sec
FD fan A’s fan(12.6mm/sec) or Motor(9.6mm/sec) vibration

too high>10sec OR Trip
LOGIC signal to
ID fan trips
FD fan A
FD fan A ON and its O/T gate not open>120sec
FD fan A’s motor protection, eg- earth fault, short circuit
44
Tripping of FD Fan A (FD Fan B is OFF):
B) When FD fan A trips simultaneous impulse will be give for :-
1) Disconnecting the blade pitch of FD fan A & B to the maximum.
2) Opening the outlet damper of fan B.
3) To open the scanner air emergency suction damper.
4) Tripping signal to Boiler through FSSS
5) The outlet damper of FD fan A shall remain open.
*Same similar interlocks for FD Fan B(FD Fan A is OFF)
45
Starting of FD Fan B (FD Fan A is ON):
A)FD fan B shall be prohibited from starting till the following conditions are satisfied:
1) Two ID fans should be ON.
2) FD FAN – B blade pitch control in minimum position.
3) Outlet damper of FD FAN – B is in closed position.
4) FD FAN - B’s fan & motor bearing temperature not very high
5) Motor winding temperature not very high
6) FD fan’s Lube oil permissive satisfied(any LOP on & pressure >3BAR)
46
Starting of FD Fan B (FD Fan A is ON):
B) When FD fan B is started (FD fan A is on), impulses shall be given for :-
1) Opening of outlet damper of FD Fan- B after the motor reaches rated speed.
2) Connecting the blade pitch control of Fan – B to auto control.
*Same similar interlocks for Starting FD Fan A (FD Fan B is OFF)

47
Tripping of FD Fan B (FD Fan A is ON):
A) FD fan B will trip automatically under following conditions:-
FD fan B’s fan bearing temp too high> 105’c >10sec
FD fan B’s motor bearing temp too high> 110’c >10sec
FD fan B’s motor winding temp too high> 130’c >10sec
FD fan B’s fan(12.6mm/sec) or Motor(9.6mm/sec) Trip

OR
vibration too high>10sec
LOGIC
signal to
Any one or both ID fan trips FD fan B
FD fan B ON and its O/T gate not open>120sec
FD fan B’s motor protection, eg- earth fault, short

circuit
48
Tripping of FD Fan B (FD Fan A is ON):
B) When FD fan B trips simultaneous impulse will be give for :-
1) Disconnecting FD fan B the blade pitch control from auto.
2) Bringing the FD fan B blade pitch control to minimum position.
3) Closing the outlet damper of Fan B.
4) Initiation of partial load relay for 60% MCR
*Same similar interlocks for FD Fan A trips (FD Fan B is OFF)
49
FD FAN’S LUBRICATION OIL PUMPS:
There are 2x100% LOPs(1W, 1S) are provided for each FD fans
LOP will automatically start under following condition(when FD A is ON):

START CMD TO LOP B
LOP A is ON & pressure<9BAR >60secs LOGIC

START CMD TO LOP A
LOP B is ON & pressure<9BAR >30secs LOGIC
LOP will automatically stop under following condition(when both LOPs are ON):
LOP A ON
AND
Lub Oil pressure>13BAR LOGIC

*same similar interlocks for FD fan B’s LOPs
PA FAN’S INTERLOCKS & PROTECTION
Conditions existing when the unit is shutdown and prior to starting of PA Fans:
1) PA fan A & B are OFF
2) PA fan A & B blade pitch in maximum position.
3) PA fans blade pitch control disconnected.
4) Lub Oil pumps of PA fans off.
5) Outlet dampers are fully open for PA Fan A & PA Fan B.
51
Starting of PA Fan A (PA Fan B is OFF):
A)PA fan A shall be prohibited from starting till the following conditions are satisfied:
1) Either FD fan A or B is ON.
2) PA FAN – A blade pitch control in minimum position.
3) Purge completed
4) PA FAN - A’s fan & motor bearing temperature not very high
5) Motor winding temperature not very high.
6) APH should be in service with one gas & air inlet and outlet damper opened.
7) PA fan’s Lube oil permissive satisfied(any LOP on & pressure >0.8 ata)
52
Starting of PA Fan A (PA Fan B is OFF):
B) When PA fan A is started , impulses shall be given for :-
1) Opening the outlet damper of PA Fan- A.
2) Connecting the blade pitch control of PA Fan – A to auto control
3) Bringing the blade pitch of PA fan B to minimum position.
4) Closing of outlet damper of PA fan B
5) Permission to start 3 lower coal elevations through FSSS
*Same similar interlocks for Starting PA Fan B (PA Fan A is OFF)
53
Tripping of PA Fan A (PA Fan B is OFF):
A) PA fan A will trip automatically under following conditions:-
PA fan A’s fan bearing temp too high> 105’c >10sec
PA fan A’s motor bearing temp too high> 90’c >10sec
PA fan A’s motor winding temp too high>120’c >10sec
PA fan A’s fan(12.6mm/sec) or Motor(9.6mm/sec) OR Trip

vibration too high>10sec LOGIC
signal to
Both FD fan trips
PA fan A
PA fan A ON and its O/T gate not open>120sec
PA fan A’s motor protection, eg- earth fault, short

circuit
MFT acted
54
Tripping of PA Fan A (PA Fan B is OFF):
B) When PA Fan B trips simultaneous impulse will be give for :-
1) Disconnecting the blade pitch control from auto.
2) Bringing the PA fan A blade pitch control to minimum position.
3) Closing the outlet damper of PA Fan A.
4) Tripping all the operating mills (through FSSS)
*Same similar interlocks for PA Fan B(PA Fan A is OFF)
55
Starting of PA Fan B (PA Fan A is ON):
A) PA fan B shall be prohibited from starting unless following condition are satisfied
1) Both FD fans ON.
2) Blade pitch control of PA fan B in min. condition.
3) PA fan B & Motor bearing temp not very high(<90oC)
4) Motor winding temp. not very high(<80oC).
5) Both APH are running with their gas and air inlet and outlet dampers opened
6) Lube oil permissives satisfied
*Same similar interlocks for Starting PA Fan B (PA Fan A is ON)
56
Starting of PA Fan B (PA Fan A is ON):
B) When PA fan B is started (PA fan A is ON), impulses shall be given for :-
1) Opening the outlet damper of PA fan B after the motor ON (TD = 30 sec.).
2) Connecting the damper control of PA fan B to auto control.
3) Permission to put in service remaining coal elevation through FSSS.
*Same similar interlocks for Starting PA Fan A (PA Fan B is ON)
57
Tripping of PA Fan B (PA Fan A is ON):
A) PA fan B will trip automatically under following conditions:-
PA fan B’s fan bearing temp too high> 105’c >10sec
PA fan B’s motor bearing temp too high> 90’c >10sec
PA fan B’s motor winding temp too high>120’c >10sec
PA fan B’s fan(12.6mm/sec) or Motor(9.6mm/sec) Trip

vibration too high>10sec OR
LOGIC signal to
Both FD fans OFF
PA fan B
PA fan B ON and its O/T gate not open>120sec
PA fan B’s motor protection eg- earth fault, short
circuit
MFT acted
58
Tripping of PA Fan B (PA Fan A is ON):
B)When PA Fan B trips simultaneous impulse will be give for :-
1) Disconnecting the blade pitch control of PA fan B from auto.
2) Bringing the PA fan B blade pitch control to minimum position.
3) Closing the outlet damper of PA Fan B.
4) Initiation of partial load relay for 60% MCR
*Same similar tripping interlocks for PA Fan A(PA Fan B is ON)
59
PA FAN’S LUBRICATION OIL PUMPS:
• There are 2x100% LOPs(1W, 1S) are provided for each PA fans
LOP will automatically start under following condition(when PD A is ON):

START CMD TO LOP B
LOP A is ON & pressure<13BAR >30secs LOGIC

START CMD TO LOP A
LOP B is ON & pressure<13BAR >30secs LOGIC
LOP will automatically stop under following condition(when both LOPs are ON):
LOP A ON
AND
Lub Oil pressure>20BAR LOGIC

*same similar interlocks for PA fan B’s LOPs
APH’s INTERLOCKS & PROTECTION
Conditions existing when the unit is shutdown and prior to starting of APH:
1) All AHs are off (both electric motor and air motor).
2) The inlet and outlet dampers of flue gas path, Secondary Air path, Primary
Air path are in full open condition.
Starting Air Heater – A (Air Heater – B is OFF)
One electric motor and one air motor have been provided for APH drive system.
1) Air Heater – A electric main motor is started if the sump oil temperature of
the bearings measured through RTD is less than 70oC
2) Impulse shall be given for closing of the inlet and outlet dampers for air &
gas side of Air Heater B which is off
*same similar interlocks for starting APH – B(APH – A is OFF)
61
Tripping of APH-A (APH-B is OFF):
1) APH electric motor fault.
2) Whenever the sump oil temperature of support/guide bearing is greater than
70oC an alarm shall be initiated through RTD to the operator. The
operator shall check the circulation pump operation & the coolant flow
at local to bring down the sump oil temperature. In case if the
temperature of sump oil is unable to be brought down, APH electric
motor/air motor shall be tripped manually.
When APH’s electric motor trips simultaneous impulse will be give for :-
1) To start Air motor with 5 secs delay
*same similar interlocks for starting APH – B(APH – A is OFF)
62
Tripping of APH-A (APH-B is ON) or vise versa:
1) Gas I/L & O/T damper, Secondary air O/T damper, and PA I/L & O/T damper
of the tripped AH shall be automatically closed.
2) Boiler load reduced approx 60 %MCR
Tripping of both APH A & B

1) Operator may try for restarting the APHs.
2) If any one of the APH is not started within 5 minutes the operator shall
manually trip the boiler.
3) All Gas I/L & O/T damper, Secondary air O/T damper, and PA I/L & O/T
damper should be opened
63
Interlocks for Oil Circulation Pumps of support bearings(SB) of Air heaters:
2 x 100% oil circulation pump have been provided for the support bearing.
Anyone of the two oil circulation pumps can be pre selected as main pump and
the other as standby.
Following interlocks shall be provided for Oil Circulating Pumps
APH ON
AND
SB LOP1 OFF>2SEC
APH ON START CMD TO

OR
OTHER LOP
SB LOP1 ON AND
LOW FLOW>30SECS
64
Interlocks for Oil Circulation Pumps of guide bearings(GB) of Air heaters:
2 x 100% oil circulation pump have been provided for the guide bearing. Anyone
of the two oil circulation pumps can be pre selected as main pump and the other
as standby.
Following interlocks shall be provided for Oil Circulating Pumps
APH ON
AND
GB LOP OFF>2SEC
APH ON START CMD TO

OR
OTHER LOP
GB LOP1 ON AND
LOW FLOW>30SECS
65
PULVERISER INTERLOCKS & PROTECTION
Conditions existing when the unit is shutdown and prior to starting of MILL:
1) Mill Motor off
2) LOPs for Mills off
66
Starting of Mill:
A)MILL shall be prohibited from starting till the following conditions are satisfied:
1) Bunker Outlet Gate open
2) Feeder Inlet Gate open
3) Mill Discharge valves open(4nos)
4) Seal air valve is open
5) Mill start permit from Pulveriser Lub Oil System
6) Mill outlet temp not high <94˚C
7) Cold air Gate open
8) Tramp Iron Hopper Valve open
9) Mill/Oil elevation start permit.
10) Nozzle tilts placed in the horizontal position(for 1st pulveriser only).
11) Primary air pressure is adequate(>650mmwc)
12) Pulveriser Bowl DP Adequate >200 mmwc
13) MILL status off & ignition permit available
67
Starting of Mill:
B) When MILL is started, impulses shall be given for :-
1) Permission to open the hot air gate(HAG) & impulse to regulate HAG
2) Permission to start the Raw Coal Feeder.
*Same similar interlocks for Starting all other Mills

68
Tripping of Mill:
A) Mill will trip automatically under following conditions:-
Motor winding temperature too high>130oC >5sec
Motor bearing temperature too high>85oC >5sec

Mill bearing temperature too high> 90oC>5sec
Mill vibration too high>9mm/s> 15 sec Trip

OR
Mill trip from Pulveriser Lub Oil System(PLOS) LOGIC signal to
Mill
Mill discharge damper not open motor
MFT acted
Both PA fans trips
Ignition energy disappears before 180 secs from feeder

start
Seal air header pressure very low>60secs
69
Tripping of MILL:
B) When MILL is tripped, simultaneous impulses shall be given for :-
1) Signal to trip the feeder’s motor
2) To close the hot air gate.
3) To bring cold air damper to minimum position
*Same similar interlocks for other Mill tripping.

70
RAW COAL(RC) FEEDER INTERLOCKS & PROTECTION
RC Feeder Starting:
A) RC Feeder motor is prohibited from starting till the following conditions are
satisfied:
1) No boiler trip condition prevails.
2) Elevation AC&DC available
3) Ignitor energy is available
4) Pulveriser is ON
5) Hot air gate is open
71
RC FEEDER INTERLOCKS & PROTECTION
RC Feeder Starting:
B) RC Feeder motor is simultaneous impulse shall be give for :
1) To include feeder output in totalizing circuit after 15secs
2) To release feeder speed control to auto after 50secs
3) To modulate fuel air dampers according to feeder speed after 50secs
72
RC FEEDER INTERLOCKS & PROTECTION
Tripping of RC feeder motor:
RC feeder motor will trip automatically under following conditions:-
Boiler Trips
Elevation DC fails >2secs
Elevation AC fails
Trip
OR
Pulveriser trips
LOGIC signal to
RC motor’s electrical trip RC motor
Loss of coal flow & pulveriser amps low
Ignition energy disappears before 180 secs from feeder start
73
REHEATER PROTECTION
This protection is provided to protect the Reheater against starvation of steam flow
during abnormal conditions. To take care of Reheater protection, the Boiler shall be
tripped after 10 seconds, when any of the following conditions occur.
Reheater protection will armed automatically under following conditions:
DRUM PRESSURE >8ata
AND
ANY FEEDER ON REHEATER PROTECTION
OR ARMED
LOGIC
BOILER FIRING SIGNAL FROM
FSSS LOGIC
74
REHEATER PROTECTION
Reheater protection will automatically enable under following conditions:
GENERATOR CKT BREAKER

OPENED
AND
HPBP OR LPBP OPENED<2% LOGIC
REHEATER PROT ARMEND

OR 10SEC >
REHEATER PROTECTION
ACTED(Boiler Trip)
IF ANY OF 1 OR MORE VALVES
CLOSED AND LOGIC
1. HPSV1 5. IPSV1
2. HPCV1 6. IPCV1
3. HPSV2 7. IPSV2
4. HPCV2 8. IPCV2
HPBP OR LPBP OPENED<2% LOGIC
REHEATER PROT ARMEND
75
T H A N K S

Boiler IN PR1

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RC FEEDER INTERLOCK & PROTECTION 1

FURNANCE SAFEGAURD SUPERVISORY BOILER AUXILIARIES INTERLOCK &

Furnace safeguard Supervisory System

• FSSS system supervises, controls and monitors the preparation,

• The FSSS provides permissive interlocks only to ensure safe start up

• Conditions leading to close LOTV automatically

Any light oil nozzle valve not closed

All heavy oil nozzle valves are closed

Any HO nozzle valve not closed

HO header pressure very low

HO header temperature very low

Feeder “B” is in service at greater than 50% loading and

Feeder “A” is in service at greater than 50% loading.

• CONDITIONS FOR HAG OPEN

• CONDITIONS FOR HAG CLOSE

CLOSE HAG COMMAND EXIT>30 SECS CLOSE COMMAND TO

1. Drum level very low > 5 seconds.

When MFT acted, simultaneous impulses shall be given for :-

After completion of PURGE AND AC Scanner Fan will

2)DC scanner fan will automatically start:

AC scanner fan does’t start >5secs

For AB elevation AND

Feeder B proven OR ELE AB FLAME

Elv. AB 2/4 FB scanner show flame LOGIC

Feeder A proven LOGIC

*Same similar flame indication logic for BC,CD,DE,EF

RC FEEDER INTERLOCK & PROTECTION 22

Any of feeder proven

Elv. F voted no flame

Elv. E voted no flame

Elv. B voted no flame

Elv. A voted no flame

Auxiliary Air Damper Position

2) Conditions leading to Manual control :

Fuel air dampers are modulated with respect to feeder rate

Feeder ON signal 50 seconds > OPEN cmd to

Feeder OFF signal 50 seconds > CLOSE cmd to

RC FEEDER INTERLOCK & PROTECTION 30

*Same similar interlocks for Starting ID Fan B (ID Fan A is OFF)

ID fan A’s fan bearing temp too high>90’c >10secs

ID fan A’s motor bearing temp too high>90’c >10secs

ID fan A’s motor winding temp too high>130’c >10secs

ID fan A’s fan(12.6mm/sec) or Motor(9.6mm/sec) OR Trip

ID fan A ON & its I/T gate closed>30secs

ID fan A’s working oil temp very high>110’c>2secs

ID fan A’s motor protection, eg- earth fault, short-circuit

*Same similar interlocks for ID Fan B(ID Fan A is OFF)

*Same similar interlocks for Starting ID Fan A (ID Fan B is ON)

ID fan B’s motor bearing temp too high> 90’c >10sec

ID fan B’s motor winding temp too high130’c>10sec

ID fan B’s fan (12.6mm/sec) or Motor(9.6mm/sec) vibration

ID fan B ON and I/T gate not open>30sec

ID fan B’s hydraulic coupling lub oil pressure very low<0.6Bar

ID fan B’s motor protection, eg- earth fault, short circuit

*Same similar interlocks for ID Fan A(ID Fan B is ON)

LOPs will automatically start under following condition(when ID A is ON):

LOP A tripped >30secs OR

LOP B tripped >30secs OR

*same similar interlocksRCfor ID INTERLOCK