Health-optimizing P.E.

(H.O.P.E.) 2
Sports
a. Individual and Dual sports
b. Team sport
 Managing One’s Stress
Through Individual, Dual
and Team Sports
Sports: A Way
in Managing
Stress
 Objectives
✔ Describes the role of physical activity assessments in
managing one’s stress
✔ Discusses the nature of the different sports activities
✔ Engages in moderate to vigorous physical activities (MVPAs)
for at least 60 minutes most days of the week in a variety of
settings in- and out-of school
 Stress
✔defined as the experiencing of unpleasant or
uncomfortable feelings.
✔is a feeling of being under abnormal pressure.
✔can come from different aspects of your day-to-day
life, increased workload, a transitional period, an
argument you have with your family or new and
existing financial worries.
 TWO TYPES OF STRESS

1. Eustress – the positive stress, is beneficial in

attaining best performance.
2. Distress – the negative stress, is detrimental
to performance
MEANS OF HOW PLAYING SPORTS HELPS AS
A WAY TO RELIEVE STRESS

1. Sports stimulate the body production of

endorphins.
2. Sports engagement increases self-esteem
3. Sports can relieve mental stress by promoting
better sleep.
4. Sports participation promotes socialization.
 Counterproductive Coping Strategies
•Coping
- is defined as the “capacity to respond and recover from something
stressful” (WHO 1999).
- Stressors are negative incidents in life, like (loss of family members or
love ones, separations and loss of a job) However, there are also
positive life changes like (birth, marriage, and finding a new job).
Both positive and negative incidents need coping skills that will
accommodate these changes in life. These include how to behave,
thinking of ideas and controlling emotions in order to minimize or
tolerate stressful events.
 COPING STRATEGY

•1. Pattern breaking - Used when an athlete falls

into a negative mental state due to uncontrolled
mental imagery. - A “pattern breaker” is a word or
phrase that an athlete can say mentally in their
mind, or alternatively, their coach or a significant
other can say out loud to them.
 2. Mental Imagery

•- Otherwise referred to as visualization or mental

rehearsal, is a strategy commonly employed. -
Athletes used this technique to familiarize
themselves with their competition environment, a
difficult pattern to play, or even to repeatedly
visualize the course route
 “The greatest weapon against stress is our ability to
choose one thought over another.”

When you exercise, your body releases chemicals called

endorphins. These endorphins interact with the
receptors in your brain that reduce your perception of
pain
ACTIVITY
DIRECTIONS: Answer the question briefly

•1. Why is it significant to overcome stress?

•2. Why you need to participate in sports
activities? How these sports activities will help
you overcome the effects of stress?
INDIVIDUAL
AND
DUAL SPORTS
ATHLETICS
 1. ATHLETICS (track & field)
• HISTORY
✔ The name "athletics" is derived from the Greek word "athlos" meaning
"contest".
✔ One of the oldest form of organized sports
✔ It was introduced to the school system by the Americans
✔ In 1906, the first completion was held.
✔ International Amateur Athletics Federation (IAAF) is the international
governing body for athletics and held competition worldwide.
✔ The local counterpart is the Philippine Amateur Track and Field Association
(PATAFA)
 FACILITIES
TRACK OVAL
✔Standard measurement is 400 meters measured from
the inner most line.
✔ There are 8 lanes in a standard track oval to limit the
space for the runner
✔Distances are measured and mark according to
different starting and finish line, zone passing for the
baton in relays and for the hurdles
✔RUNNING EVENTS
✔100 meter dash (sprint) – men and women
✔200 meter dash (sprint) – men and women
✔400 meter dash (sprint) – men and women
✔800 meter run- middle distance – men and
women
✔ 1500 meter run- middle distance – men and women
✔ 3000 meter – women
✔ 3, 000 steeplechase long-men
✔ 5, 000 meter run – long distance-men
✔ 10, 000 meter run -long distance-men
✔ 100 meter hurdle (sprint) - women
✔ 110 meter hurdles (sprint) - men
✔ 400 meter hurdle (sprint) - men & women
✔ 4 x 100 meter relay (team game)- men & women
✔ 4 x 400 meter relay (team game) - men & women
FOOT ACTION

ON YOUR MARK
a. Crouch on one knee and form a high
bridge with your fingers just behind the line.
b. Your hands should be placed slightly
wider than your shoulder width.
c. If you feel cramped, you are probably
positioned too close to the start line.
d. Don't get distracted by anything or
anybody.
e. Keeping your eyes focused on the
ground ahead of you will help your balance,
focus and relaxation.
 SET
a. Raise your hips to a level just above
your shoulders.
b. Your head shouldn't be dropped
towards the ground but don't 'crick' your
neck by trying to look up the track.
c. Lean your body as far forward as you
can and aim to begin running without
stumbling. d. Wait for that starting signal.
a. When then gun goes off, breathe out hard and
pump those arms and legs.
b. Try not to travel too far with each stride to start
with.
c. Thrust your elbows as high as possible with
each backward swing and drive your legs with a high
knee action.
d. Keeping your body low in your opening strides
will thrust you forward.
BADMINTON
 2. BADMINTON
• HISTORY
✔ Poona was the modern name from India believed
to be originated
✔ Battledore the name given from England
✔ Played by two (singles) and four (doubles) player
✔ The objective of the game is to hit the shuttlecock
back and forth across and above the net without
landing on the floor
 NATURE OF BADMINTON
• The aim of the game is to score points by landing the
shuttlecock in the opponent’s court. 
• Matches for badminton include singles, doubles, and mixed
doubles.
• The court used for singles and doubles vary in terms of length
and width; the singles court slightly narrower but longer than the
doubles court. 
• The game is governed by the Badminton World Federation
(BWF). 
EQUIPMENT
•Court
NET
Shuttle cock Racket
 KINDS OF GRIP

•  Forehand is also known as

handshake grip. The thumb and
pointing fingers wrapped around
the handle forming a letter V
while the rest of the fingers are
spread, supporting the bottom
part of the handle
• 2. Backhand is used to hit the shuttle at
the non-dominant side of the body. From
the forehand grip position, the fingers are
moved slightly to place the thumb pressing
flat on the flat side of the handle while the
rest of the fingers are positioned together.
•         The grip adds power to the strokes or
hits since usually the non- dominant side of
a player is the weaker hitting side.
 SERVICE

✔Low, short, serve

✔Deep long high drive
✔Drive serve
 TERMINOLOGIES
✔ Love – zero score
✔ Love-all – called when both opponents and teams have a
score of zero
✔ In side – called for the serving player
✔ Out side - called for the receiving player or team
✔ Game point – the point that the server won
✔ Match point – point won by the server result in winning
the match
TABLE TENNIS
 3. TABLE TENNIS
HISTORY
✔ 1980 – table tennis game originated and known as
pingpong
✔ Believe to be originated in England in a miniature version
of tennis
✔ 1920- pingpong was change to table tennis
✔ 1926- the International Tennis Federation was established
in Berlin.
✔ 1933- United States Table Tennis Association (USTTA)
was established
 NATURE OF TABLE TENNIS 
• Also known as ping-pong, a game similar to lawn tennis and played on a flat table
divided into two equal courts by a net fixed across its width at the middle.
• The objective is to hit the ball so that it goes over the net and bounces on the
opponent’s half of the table in such a way that the opponent cannot reach it or return
it correctly.
• A match consists of the best of any odd numbers of games, each game being won by the
player who first reaches 11 points or who, after 10 points each, wins two clear points
ahead.
• Matches for table tennis include singles, doubles, and mixed doubles.
• The rules of play, serve and receive are different for singles and doubles. Alternate
service, receive, and hits are followed for doubles.
• International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) governs the sport.
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT
Racket Ball
 BASIC SKILLS

• 1. Forehand Grip is done by placing the thumb

and pointing finger on opposite sides of the
blade, at the top of the handle. The rest of the
fingers are wrapped around the handle.
• 2. Backhand Grip is done by placing the thumb
and pointing finger on the blade as if they are
holding a pen. The middle finger rests on the
opposite side together with the rest of the
fingers.
TEAM SPORTS
VOLLEYBALL
 HISTORY
✔ invented by William G. Morgan in 1895. He was a
physical director of the Young Men’s Christian
Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Massachusetts. Morgan
designed it as an indoor sport for businessmen only
because basketball is too vigorous for them. He called the
sport “mintonette,” until such there was a professor from
Springfield College in Massachusetts noted the volleying
nature of play and proposed the name of ‘Volleyball.’
 Nature and Background of Volleyball

• Volleyball is a game played by two teams with six players on

each team. It is considered as the most popular team sports
all over the world, wherein the players use their hands to
bat a ball back and forth over a high net. To prevent this,
a player on the opposing team bats the ball up and toward a
teammate before it touches the court surface that the
teammate may then volley it back across the net or bat it to a
third teammate who volleys it across the net.
 Basic Skills in Volleyball

•A. Serving
• Serving is used to put the ball in play.
The action is done with arm swing
that sends the ball over the net into
the opponent’s court.
 B. Passing

•Passing is used to receive the ball

from your opponents, as in service,
or as a technique to accurately
control the ball in a way that
eliminates lifting or carrying the ball.
 C. Setting
• It is use to receive a teammate’s pass in
order that the play may continue by
passing the ball overhead to an attacker.
The action of setting is to contact the ball
with the finger pads momentarily at the
forehead and following through with arms
fully extended to the hitting target
 D. Attacking/Spiking

•It is used to put the ball into the

opponent’s court in order to
earn point or side out. The
action of this skill will
incorporates a quick approach
followed by a strong, full arm
swing, and follow thru.
 E. Blocking
• It is used to stop the ball of the opponent’s attack
to cross the net. A block is effective if it
immediately places the ball back into the
opponent’s court or if it temporarily slows down
the ball in order for a defender to make dig. The
fundamental of this is to stand facing the net with
feet shoulder width apart, arms nearly extended
above the head, ready to jump above the net to
deflect the ball back into the opponent’s court.
 F. Digging

•It is used to receive the

opponent’s attack. The dig
resembles a forearm pass from a
low ready position and is used
more for balls that are hit near the
defender.
Basketball
 NATURE AND BACKGROUND OF
BASKETBALL                  
HISTORY 
✔ invented in December 1891 by the Canadian clergyman,
educator, and physician James Naismith.
✔ the objective is to shoot a ball through a basket horizontally
positioned to score points while following a set of rules.
✔ two teams of five players play on a marked rectangular court
with a basket at each width end.
✔ basketball hoop consists of a rim 18 inches in diameter and 10
feet high mounted to a backboard.
✔ Teams had nine players, and the goals were wooden peach
baskets affixed to the walls
✔ 1893 and 1895 - A number of U.S. colleges adopted the game
✔ In 1897-1898 - teams of five became standard.
✔ - In 1949 two subsequent professional leagues, the National
Basketball League (formed in 1937) and the Basketball
Association of America (1946) merged to create the National
Basketball Association (NBA).
                            
       Disruptive physical contact (a personal foul) is penalized, and a
free throw is usually awarded to an offensive player if he is fouled
while shooting the ball. A technical foul may also be issued when
certain infractions occur, most commonly for unsportsmanlike
conduct on the part of a player or coach. A technical foul gives the
opposing team a free throw, and the opposing team is also retained
possession of the ball. Typically, the tallest members of a team will
play "center", "power forward" or "small forward" positions, while
shorter players or those who possess the best ball handling skills
and speed play "point guard" or "shooting guard".
 FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT
The Court
• It is a flat hard
surfaced free from
obstructions with the
dimension of 28m in
length and 15m in
width
 The Ball

It is a spherical inflated ball

used in the game of
basketball with the standard
size of 75-75.88cm in
diameter.
 The ring or Basket

-It is the steel rim of 18

inches in diameter with a
net attached to it and is
affixed to a backboard. 
 BASIC SKILLS OF BASKETBALL

Shooting
•is the act of making an attempt to
throw the ball to the basket to earn
points. 
                  
Dribbling
•is the act of continuously bouncing
the ball to the floor by one hand or
both hands alternately in moving
to a certain point of the court.
 Rebounding

•the act of successfully

gaining the positions of the
ball after a missed shot or
missed free throw.
 Passing

•is the act of transferring the ball

positions to a teammate using
hand snap.
•Throwing overhead, bouncing
the ball or using a basketball
pitch method.
Blocking – is a
defensive act of
preventing or
altering an
opponent from
shooting the ball.