Scribd
Upload
96 views8 pages

Oop - Lesson 13 and 14

The document discusses Java strings and arrays. It covers: 1. Strings are a sequence of characters that can be manipulated using the String class. Common string methods include length(), concat(), and format(). 2. Arrays allow storing multiple values of the same type and can be one or multi-dimensional. Arrays are declared with a type and size, and individual elements accessed via indices. 3. Common array tasks include initialization, iteration with for/foreach loops, passing arrays to methods, and returning arrays from methods. The Arrays utility class provides sorting and searching methods.

Uploaded by

David Samuel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
96 views8 pages

Oop - Lesson 13 and 14

The document discusses Java strings and arrays. It covers: 1. Strings are a sequence of characters that can be manipulated using the String class. Common string methods include length(), concat(), and format(). 2. Arrays allow storing multiple values of the same type and can be one or multi-dimensional. Arrays are declared with a type and size, and individual elements accessed via indices. 3. Common array tasks include initialization, iteration with for/foreach loops, passing arrays to methods, and returning arrays from methods. The Arrays utility class provides sorting and searching methods.

Uploaded by

David Samuel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

LESSON 13

Java - Strings Class


 Strings, which are widely used in Java programming, are a sequence of
characters. In Java programming language, strings are treated as objects.
The Java platform provides the String class to create and manipulate strings.
Creating Strings
The most direct way to create a string is to write −
 String greeting = "Hello world!";
 Whenever it encounters a string literal in your code, the compiler creates a String
object with its value in this case, "Hello world!'.

Note: For the Project Name of this program use this word “LastNameProg#” ex. OcfemiaProg17

String Length

 Methods used to obtain information about an object are known as accessor


methods. One accessor method that you can use with strings is the length()
method, which returns the number of characters contained in the string object.
Note: For the Project Name of this program use this word “LastNameProg#” ex.
OcfemiaProg18
Concatenating Strings

 The String class includes a method for concatenating two strings −


string1.concat(string2);
 This returns a new string that is string1 with string2 added to it at the end. You can also
use the concat() method with string literals, as in −
"My name is ".concat("Zara");
 Strings are more commonly concatenated with the + operator, as in −
"Hello," + " world" + "!"
which results in −
"Hello, world!"

Creating Format Strings

 You have printf() and format() methods to print output with formatted numbers. The
String class has an equivalent class method, format(), that returns a String object rather
than a PrintStream object.
 Using String's static format() method allows you to create a formatted string that you can
reuse, as opposed to a one-time print statement.

String Methods

Here is the list of methods supported by String class –


 The Java String data type can contain a sequence (string) of characters, like pearls on a
string. Strings are how you work with text in Java. Once a Java String is created you can
search inside it, create substrings from it, create new strings based on the first but with
some parts replaced, plus many other things.
 String represents a group of character.
 In java, string is an object of String class in java.lang package but in C language, it is an
array of characters in which the last character is ‘\0’.
 Java has character array too but String is a class. String is also a data type since a class is
also called user defined data type.
LESSON 14
Java - Arrays

 Java provides a data structure, the array, which stores a fixed-size sequential collection of
elements of the same type. An array is used to store a collection of data, but it is often
more useful to think of an array as a collection of variables of the same type.
 Instead of declaring individual variables, such as number0, number1, ..., and number99,
you declare one array variable such as numbers and use numbers[0], numbers[1], and ...,
numbers[99] to represent individual variables.

Declaring Array Variables

 To use an array in a program, you must declare a variable to reference the array,
and you must specify the type of array the variable can reference. Here is the syntax
for declaring an array variable −
 Syntax:
dataType[] arrayRefVar; // preferred way. or
dataType arrayRefVar[]; // works but not preferred way.
 Note − The style dataType[] arrayRefVar is preferred. The style dataType
arrayRefVar[] comes from the C/C++ language and was adopted in Java to
accommodate C/C++ programmers.
The following code snippets are examples of this syntax −
double[] myList; // preferred way.
or
double myList[]; // works but not preferred way.

Creating Arrays
 You can create an array by using the new operator with the following syntax −
Syntax:
 arrayRefVar = new dataType[arraySize];
The above statement does two things −
 It creates an array using new dataType[arraySize].
 It assigns the reference of the newly created array to the variable arrayRefVar.
Declaring an array variable, creating an array, and assigning the reference of the array to
the variable can be combined in one statement, as shown below −
dataType[] arrayRefVar = new dataType[arraySize];
Alternatively you can create arrays as follows −
dataType[] arrayRefVar = {value0, value1, ..., valuek};
 The array elements are accessed through the index. Array indices are 0-based; that is,
they start from 0 to arrayRefVar.length-1.
Example:
 Following statement declares an array variable, myList, creates an array of 10 elements
of double type and assigns its reference to myList −
double[] myList = new double[10];
 Following picture represents array myList. Here, myList holds ten double values and the
indices are from 0 to 9.
Processing Arrays

 When processing array elements, we often use either for loop or foreach loop because all
of the elements in an array are of the same type and the size of the array is known.
Example:

 Here is a complete example showing how to create, initialize, and process arrays −

The foreach Loops

JDK 1.5 introduced a new for loop known as foreach loop or enhanced for loop, which
enables you to traverse the complete array sequentially without using an index variable.
Example:

The following code displays all the elements in the array myList −

Passing Arrays to Methods

 Just as you can pass primitive type values to methods, you can also pass arrays to methods.
For example, the following method displays the elements in an int array –
Example:

Returning an Array from a Method

 A method may also return an array. For example, the following method returns an array
that is the reversal of another array –
Example

The Arrays Class

 The java.util.Arrays class contains various static methods for sorting and searching arrays,
comparing arrays, and filling array elements. These methods are overloaded for all
primitive types.

Multidimensional Arrays

 Arrays we have mentioned till now are called one-dimensional arrays. However,
we can declare multidimensional arrays in Java.
 A multidimensional array is an array of arrays. That is, each element of a
multidimensional array is an array itself.
For example,
double[][] matrix = {{1.2, 4.3, 4.0},
{4.1, -1.1}
};

You might also like