Chemistry 1

Volume 2

Worksheet 15
Dilution of Solutions

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1. If 50.0 mL of a 1.75 M solution is diluted to 150 mL, what is the molarity of the final
solution?

2. A 5.0 M solution with a volume of 4.5 L is diluted to a volume of 8.7 L. What is the molarity
of the final solution?

3. If 5 L of a 0.6 M solution is diluted to 0.4 M, what is the volume of the final solution?

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4. A chemist found that her 7.5 M, 0.45 L solution was too concentrated, and she needs to
dilute it to 5.1 M. How many L of solvent should she add to dilute the solution to the
desired concentration?

5. A 0.50 L solution originally had a concentration of 6.5 M. What is the concentration of the
solution when 250 mL of solvent is added?

6. How many mL are in a 4.5 M NaOH solution that was created by diluting 750 mL of a 12 M
NaOH stock solution?

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7. After sitting on a bench for a long time, 500.0 mL of a 5.0 M H2SO4 solution evaporated to a
volume of 130 mL. What is the molarity of the solution after evaporation?

8. A diluted solution has a volume of 0.50 L and a concentration of 0.80 M. If the original
solution had a volume of 0.25 L, what was the concentration of the original solution?

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9. A 5.50 M solution of LiOH was diluted from 45.0 mL to 125 mL. Then, 5.0 mL of this solution
were extracted to be added to a reaction. How many grams of LiOH were in this 5.0 mL?

10. Two dilute acid solutions were created by initially dissolving 55.4 g HCl in exactly 100 mL
water. This solution was used for a serial dilution to create solutions that were 10% and 1%
as concentrated as the original solution. What is the molarity of these two new solutions?

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 Answer Key
1. If 50.0 mL of a 1.75 M solution is diluted to 150 mL, what is the molarity of the final
solution?

!"#$% %"#'($
Molarity = #)($*% "+ %"#'()",

Since we have the molarity and the volume of the original solution, we can calculate the
number of moles of solute in the original solution.

First, convert the 50 mL to L

50.0 mL 1L = 0.0500 L
1,000 mL

!"#$% %"#'($
1.75 M = -.-/-- 0
(1.75 M)(0.0500 L) = 0.0875 moles solute

0.0875 moles of solute were in the original solution. Since we’re only changing the
volume of the solution, this same number of moles will be in the final solution.

So, to get the molarity of the final solution, we divide this number of moles (0.0875 mol)
by the volume (in liters) of the final solution.

Convert 150 mL to L.

150 mL 1L = 0.15 L
1,000 mL

-.-12/ !"#$%
Molarity = -.3/ 0
= 0.58 M

Correct answer: 0.58 M

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2. A 5.0 M solution with a volume of 4.5 L is diluted to a volume of 8.7 L. What is the molarity
of the final solution?

In your text, you may see the formula M1V1 = M2V2 used to quickly calculate the
molarity or volume of a dilute solution.

In this equation, M1 and M2 represent the molarity of the original solution and the dilute
solutions, respectively. V1 and V2 represent the volumes of the original solution and the
dilute solution, respectively.

In this problem, M1 = 5.0 M, V1 = 4.5 L, and V2 = 8.7 L. Therefore, we need to solve for
M2.

(5.0 M)(4.5 L) = M2(8.7 L)

(/.-5)(7./0)
M2 = 1.2 0

M2 = 2.6 M

Correct answer: M2 = 2.6 M

3. If 5 L of a 0.6 M solution is diluted to 0.4 M, what is the volume of the final solution?

Step 1:

Determine the number of moles in the original solution.

!"#$% %"#'($
0.6 M = / 0
= 3 moles solute
Only the volume has changed, so this same number of moles will be in the diluted
solution. So, we can use it in the molarity expression to determine the final solution
volume.

8 !"#$% %"#'($
0.4 M = #)($*% "+ %"#'()", = 8 L solution

Correct answer: the final volume is 8 L

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4. A chemist found that her 7.5 M, 0.45 L solution was too concentrated, and she needs to
dilute it to 5.1 M. How many L of solvent should she add to dilute the solution to the
desired concentration?

Step 1:
Multiply the molarity and volume of the first solution to obtain moles of solute. Since
only the volume changes in this solution, this same number of moles will be in the
second solution.

Moles solute = (7.5 M)(0.45L)

Moles solute = 3.4 moles

Step 2:
Now, we know the number of moles in the second solution, as well as its molarity. Let’s
plug these values into the molarity expression to solve for the volume of the second
solution.

8.7 !"#$% %"#'($

5.1 M = #)($*% "+ %"#'()", = 0.66 L solution

Step 3:
The question asks how much volume the chemist should add to the solution, not what
the final volume was.
So, we need to subtract the initial volume from the final volume to determine how
much solvent needs to be added.
Volume added: 0.66 L – 0.45 L = 0.21 L added
Correct answer: the chemist needs to add 0.21 L

5. A 0.50 L solution originally had a concentration of 6.5 M. What is the concentration of the
solution when 250 mL of solvent is added?

Step 1:
Determine the number of moles in the original solution:

!"#$% %"#'($
6.5 M = -./- 5
= 3.25 moles solute

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 Step 2:

Since 0.50 L was the original volume, and 250 mL were added to this, the volume of the
final solution will be 0.75 L.

Step 3:
Calculate the molarity of the final solution.

8.9/ !"#$% %"#'($

Molarity = -.2/ 0
= 4.3 M

Correct answer: 4.3 M

6. How many mL are in a 4.5 M NaOH solution that was created by diluting 750 mL of a 12 M
NaOH stock solution?

Initial solution:
Convert 750 mL to L
750 mL 1L = 0.75 L
1,000 mL

!"#$% :;<=
12 M = -.2/ 0
= 9.0 moles NaOH

Final solution:
>.- !"#$% :;<=
4.5 M = 0)($*% "+ %"#'()", = 2.0 L solution

Since the question asks for the volume to be reported in mL, convert L to mL.

2.0 L 1,000 mL = 2,000 mL (2.0 x 103 mL)

1L

Correct answer: 2,000 mL or (2.0 x 103 mL)

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7. After sitting on a bench for a long time, 500.0 mL of a 5.0 M H2SO4 solution evaporated to a
volume of 130 mL. What is the molarity of the solution after evaporation?

Although this section is concerned with the dilution of solutions, it’s equally important
to consider what happens when solutions become more concentrated.

Step 1:
Convert 500 mL to liters

500.0 mL 1L = 0.5000 L
1,000 mL

Step 2:
The original solution had a number of moles equal to:

!"#$% :;<=
5.0 M = -./--- 0
= 2.5 moles NaOH

Step 3:
Convert 130 mL to liters
130 mL 1L = 0.13 L
1,000 mL

Step 4:
9./ !"#$% :;<=
Molarity = -.38 0
= 19 M

Correct answer: 19 M

8. A diluted solution has a volume of 0.50 L and a concentration of 0.80 M. If the original
solution had a volume of 0.25 L, what was the concentration of the original solution?

Step 1:
Determine the number of moles
!"#$% %"#'($
0.80 M = -./- 0
= 0.40 moles
-.7- !"#$%
Molarity = -.9/ 0
= 1.6 M

Correct answer: 1.6 M

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9. A 5.50 M solution of LiOH was diluted from 45.0 mL to 125 mL. Then, 5.0 mL of this solution
were extracted to be added to a reaction. How many grams of LiOH were in this 5.0 mL?

This is a multistep problem.

Step 1:
Convert 45 mL and 125 mL to L
45.0 mL 1L = 0.0450 L
1,000 mL

125 mL 1L = 0.125 L
1,000 mL

Step 2:
Calculate the number of moles in the solution.

!"#$% 0)<=
5.50 M = -.-7/- 0
= 0.2475 moles LiOH

Step 3:
Calculate the concentration of the diluted solution

-.972/ !"#$% 0)<=

Molarity = -.39/ 0
= 1.98 M

Step 4:

Since we know the number of moles in 1 L from the molarity, we can use this
information to calculate how many moles LiOH are in 5.0 mL.

!"#$% 0)<=
1.98 M = -.--/- 0
= 0.0099 moles LiOH

Step 5:
Convert moles LiOH to g using the molar mass of LiOH (23.95 g/mol).

0.0099 moles LiOH 23.95 g LiOH = 0.24 g LiOH

1 mol LiOH

Correct answer: 0.24 g LiOH

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10. Two dilute acid solutions were created by initially dissolving 55.4 g HCl in exactly 100 mL
water. This solution was used for a serial dilution to create solutions that were 10% and 1%
as concentrated as the original solution. What is the molarity of these two new solutions?

Step 1:
Calculate the molarity of the original solution

Convert grams of HCl into moles of HCl using the molar mass of HCl (36.46 g/mol).
55.4 g HCl 1 mol HCl = 1.52 mol HCl
36.46 g HCl

Convert 100 mL to L

100 mL 1L = 0.1 L
1,000 mL

3./9 !"#$% =?#

Molarity = -.3 0
= 15.2 M

Step 2:
Just multiply the molarity of the original solution by 0.1 (10% solution) and 0.01 (1%
solution) to get the answers.

10% solution: (15.2 M)(0.1) = 1.52 M

1% solution: (15.2 M)(0.01) = 0.152 M

Correct answer: 10% solution: 1.52 M; 1% solution: 0.152 M

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