Scribd
Upload
70 views7 pages

Torsion

Torsion is a type of stress that occurs when a torque or twisting moment is applied to an object such as a shaft or beam. It causes tangential stresses parallel to the object's cross-section and can result in warping of the cross-section if stresses are not evenly distributed. The amount of torsion is calculated based on the applied torque and properties of the material like the modulus of rigidity. For circular cross-sections, torsion results in a uniform twist along the object's length without warping.

Uploaded by

Esneidis Amaya Ortiz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
70 views7 pages

Torsion

Torsion is a type of stress that occurs when a torque or twisting moment is applied to an object such as a shaft or beam. It causes tangential stresses parallel to the object's cross-section and can result in warping of the cross-section if stresses are not evenly distributed. The amount of torsion is calculated based on the applied torque and properties of the material like the modulus of rigidity. For circular cross-sections, torsion results in a uniform twist along the object's length without warping.

Uploaded by

Esneidis Amaya Ortiz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

Torsion

Torsion is a concept used in the field of engineering, physics and mechanics, it is called
this way to the request presented when applying a moment (torque) on the
longitudinal axis of a constructive element, such as a mechanical prism, axes or
elements where there is a predominant dimension over others.
Torsion is characterized geometrically because any curve parallel to the axis of the part is no
longer contained in the plane initially formed by the two curves. Instead a curve parallel to the
axis twists around it.

Torque Moments Diagram

The general study of torsion is complicated because under this type of stress the cross section
of a part is generally characterized by two phenomena:
1-Tangential stresses appear parallel to the cross section.

2-When the previous stresses are not adequately distributed, which always happens unless
the section has circular symmetry, sectional warping appears that makes the deformed cross
sections not flat.

Torsion Characteristics

• This type of moment application has the geometric characteristic that any curve
parallel to the axis of the part is no longer contained in the plane that was initially
formed by the two curves. Instead, twisting causes a curve parallel to the axis to
twist around it.

• When the torsion phenomenon occurs, tangential stresses appear, which are
parallel to the cross section of the piece. If these stresses are represented by a
vector field, their flow lines circle around the section.

• If the stresses are not correctly distributed at the moment of torsion, changes
appear in the cross section that generate deformations and take away its flatness.

Angle rotated by an axis:

When applying the equations of statics, a torsion moment equal and in the opposite direction to T
will be produced at the embedment.
If we cut the shaft by 1-1 and keep the lower part, for this piece of shaft to be in equilibrium, in section 1-1
there must be an equal torsion moment and in the opposite direction. Therefore, at any section of this axis
there is a torsion moment T.

The torque diagram will be:

Calculation of the tensions to which the element abcd is subjected.

Side cd slides to the right relative to side ab; therefore there is a t.

This element works in pure shear stress. The value of t will be:

  r = G . y = G . e . D/2           

Mohr's circle of this element is the circle of pure shear stress.

The main stresses of this element will be:


The main directions of the element will be at 45º.

  σ1 = τ      y      σ2 = -τ

If instead of considering the element the superficial abcd, we had considered another element
at a distance r from the center, the t to which this element would be subjected would be:

Cálculo de tmáx y del ángulo girado por el eje en función del momento torsor.

Supongamos que la figura representa la sección del eje y el momento torsor T que actua

La tensión t en el punto B vale:

Si tomamos un diferencial de are dA alrededor del punto B las t de ese dA dan una resultante
dF.
Este F da un diferencial de momento torsor.

El momento torsor de la sección será:

Formula que permite calcular el angulo girado por el eje por unidad de longitud, en función del
momento torsor.

Modulo resistente de la torsión

Hemos visto que 

Esta expresión se puede poner en la forma:


 Para la sección circular:

Saint Vernant

En cualquier punto de la longitud de un miembro sujeto a un momento torsional, la sección


transversal rotará con un ángulo θ. En las secciones transversales que son no-circulares esta
rotación está acompañada de alabeo, es decir, las secciones no permanecen planas (Hartog, 1980).
Se define entonces el alabeo, como el desplazamiento pi, normal al plano de la sección (en la
dirección del eje longitudinal del miembro solicitado a torsión).

θ es el ángulo de torsión. La rotación de un miembro se mide por medio de este parámetro


que indica cuánto rota la sección en un punto x del miembro (x es la dirección longitudinal)
con respecto a un origen previamente establecido. El ángulo de torsión depende del origen
(x=0). Si el alabeo es totalmente libre (p. ej. secciones circulares compactas y huecas) o casi
libre (p. ej. secciones L y T), el momento torsional resistido por la sección transversal es:
Esta torsión se denomina torsión uniforme de Saint Venant y supone que la sección puede
alabearse de forma libre, por lo que los esfuerzos producidos son sólo de corte (r) y no normales
(aj. Este tipo de torsión predomina en las secciones compactas y huecas continuas. En estas, las
solicitaciones por torsión son absorbidas por un flujo de cortante continuo en toda la sección. Los
miembros con libre alabeo absorben las solicitaciones por torsión por medio de los esfuerzos de
corte sin esfuerzos normales (Kollbrunner & Basler, 1970)

En la ecuación (1):

Ts = Momento resistente de la sección transversal, ó, Torsión de Saint Venant

G= Módulo de elasticidad a cortante

K= Constante torsional de la sección transversal ó constante de torsión de Saint Venant [L4]

= = Angulo de rotación por unidad de longitud, ó, ángulo unitario de torsión

Nótese que es una función del momento torsor aplicado, en cada sección x.

You might also like