SG11 Tim Ent

jHjidhl;aj wOHhkh
.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh
11 fYaK
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s
^2016 j¾Ifha isg ls%hd;aul lrkq ,efí&
!"#$% &'(!)*&+,-*.
%$!*#/%012!(,%0!3*,3
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jHdjidhl;aj wOHhkh
.= r e ud¾f.da m foa Y h
11 fY%aKsh
m%:u uqøKh 2015
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
ISBN
jdKsc fomd¾;fïka;=j"
úoHd yd ;dlaIK mSGh"
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska

kqf.af.dv" kdj, mdr" ks¾udK udj;" wxl 227$30" ys msysá
keKs, mí,sflaIka ^m%hsjÜ& ,sñgâ ys
uqøKh lrjd m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,È'
ii
wOHCI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsjqvh
fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh u.ska .=reNj;dg ;u mdi, ;=< úIh ks¾foaYh l%shd;aul lsÍug wjYH jk
uQ,sl oE iemfha' úIh ks¾foaYh l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ ;u ld¾hhka" orejdf.a nqoaê j¾Okh flfrys fuka u"
p¾hd;aul ÈhqKqj flfrys o È.= ld,Sk n,mEula we;s lrjk nj .=rejreka ksrka;rfhka u isys
;nd .; hq;= fõ'
m%cdkk idOk udkh iïnkaOfhka" wfkla lreKq w;rg" bf.kSu by< uÜgulg f.k hdug
my; i|yka lreKq flfrys o .=rejreka ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= fõ'
!# YsIHhd ;u Ôú; wruqKq ms<sn| wjÈfhka isàu iy l< hq;= ld¾hh" yelshdjkag iy wruqKq
idOkhg wod< ùu'
!# YsIHhd l%shdldÍj bf.kqï ld¾hdj,sfhys ksr; ùu' ^bf.kSu YsIH flakaøSh l%shdj,shla
ùu'& lka*shqishiaf.a lshuk isyshg k.d .kak( wefik foa wu;l fõ' olsk foa wu;l
fkdfõ' l< foa bf.k .efka'
!# bf.kqï jd;djrKh" Okd;aul j" wNsfhda.d;aul ù" bf.kqï fuj,ï" WmlrK" úoHd.dr"
úúO iïm;a wdldrj,g msúiqu myiq ùu'
!# YsIHhdg laIKsl Okd;aul iy ks¾udKd;aul m%;spdrhka ,nd §u u.ska" bf.kqu l%udkql+,j

by< uÜgul wjfYdaIKhlska" YsIHhdf.a ±kqu" l=i,;d iy wruqKq iu. wkql,khlg
wjldY we;s lsÍu'
wOHdmkfha§" rcfha wfmalaIdj jkqfha ish¨ mdi,aj, ish¨ orejkag" uQ,sl úIh lreKq wjYH
uÜgulg .%yKh lsÍfuka" úNd.hg uqyqK §fuka miqj id¾:l;ajfha i;=g ú| .ekSfï yelshdj
,nd §u h'
orejdf.a p¾hd;aul j¾Okhg wod< udkh i,ld neÆ úg wOHdmkfha mrud¾:h jkqfha m%cdkk
yelshdjka jev f,dalh iu. iïnkaO lsÍuhs' tneúka .=rejreka ;u;ska úIh ks¾foaY ,nd §fï §
j¾Okh l< hq;= jkafka" mdi,ska neyer f,dalh iu. .kqfokq lsÍug YsIHhdg wjYH jk" olaI;d
iy l=i,;d h' thska iuyr jeo.;a .Kfha yelshdjka my; i|yka lafIa;%hkays fõ'
!# ld¾hYS,S jev wdpdr O¾u - idOkSh wdl,am iy kj ks¾udKhg ixrlaIKhg

we;s <eÈhdj
!# wka;¾ mqoa., iïnkaO;d - lKavdhï jev" úkh iy ld¾hlaIu ikaksfõokh
!# iodpdrd;aul yr - úúO;ajhg .re lsÍu jeks mqrjeis jákdlïj,ska

fyì" Rcq mqoa.,fhla
wjidk jYfhka uu ish¨ úÿy,am;sjrekag;a" .=re Nj;=kag;a" mdi,aj, wfkla ld¾h uKav,
iNslhkag;a" b;d ´kElñka bf.kqï b.ekaùu l%shdj,sh foi l<ukdlrKfha ta 4 jYfhka y÷kajk
my; i|yka lreKq u.ska ;u ie,ls,a, fhduq lrk fuka b,a,Sug leue;af;ñ' tkï wdl,amh"
úYaf,aIKh" l%shdj iy j.ùuhs' Tn kshqla; jk ld¾hfhys ^mdvu wdÈ jYfhka& wjidkh;a"
ud¾.hka ms<sn| wod< idOkSh wdl,amhkaf.ka wdrïN lrkak' th ixúOdkh lr .ekSu Wfoid
^jre" tall wdÈ jYfhka& f;dr;=re fidhd n,d ,nd f.k tajd úYaf,aIKh lrkak' úl,am i,ld
n,d laIKsl l%shd ^m%ldY lsÍu" ndr§u& ld¾hlaIu j .kak' Tn m%;sM, wëlaIKh" we.hSu iy
ñkqu iïnkaOfhka ^whs;sh& j.lSu ndr .kak'
iii
fï yd iïnkaO ish¨ .=re Nj;=kag" b.ekaùfï §;a bf.kSfï §;a i;=g w;afõjd hhs m%d¾:kd lsÍug
uu fuh wjia:dj lr .ksñ' wjYH jqjfyd;a ug o msgm;la iys;j cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha
wod< fomd¾;fïka;= m%OdkSkag fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh ms<sn| Tfí w;a±lSï iy ksÍlaIK ,shd
okajd tùug fkdmiqng jkak'
udpd¾h .=Kmd, kdkdhlaldr

wOHlaI ckrd,a"
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh"
uyr.u'
iv
ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsjqvh
w;S;fha isgu wOHdmkh ksrka;rfhka fjkiaùï j,g Ndckh fjñka bÈßhg .uka lrñka
;snqKs' uE; hq.fha fuu fjkiaùu ±ä f,i iS>% ù we;' bf.kqï l%ufõoj, fuka u
;dlaIKsl fuj,ï Ndú;h w;ska yd ±kqu W;amdokh iïnkaOfhka o .; jq oYl fol ;=<
úYd, msì§ula olakg ,enqKs' fï wkqj cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh o 2015g wod< wOHdmk
m%;sixialrK i|yd wm%udo j iqÿiq mshjr .ksñka isà' f.da,Shj isÿjk fjkialï .ek
fyd¢ka wOHhkh lr foaYSh wjYH;d wkqj wkqj¾;khg ,lalr YsIH flakaøSh bf.kqï-
b.ekaùï m%fõYh mdol lr .ksñka kj úIhud,dj ie,iqï lr mdi,a moaO;sfha kshuqjka
f,i fiajh lrk .=re Nj;=ka jk Tn fj; fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh mqo lrkafka b;d
i;=áks'
fujeks kj u. fmkaùfï WmfoaYk ix.%yhla Tn fj; ,ndfokafka ta u.ska Tng jvd fyd|
odhl;ajhla ,ndÈh yelsfõh hk úYajdih ksid h'
fuu WmfoaYk ix.%yh mka;s ldur bf.kqï-b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sfha § Tng uy`.= w;aje,la
jkjdg lsisu ielhla ke;' tfiau fuh o Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka ld,Sk iïm;a øjH
Ndú;fhka jvd;a ixj¾Okd;aul m%fõYhla Tiafia mka;sldurh yiqrejd .ekSug Tng
ksoyi we;'
Tn fj; ,ndfok fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh uekúka wOHhkh lr jvd ks¾udKYS,s ore
mrmqrla ìys lr YS% ,xldj wd¾Ól yd iudÔh w;ska bÈßhg f.k hdug lemùfuka hq;=j
lghq;= lrkq we;ehs uu úYajdi lrñ'
fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh ks¾udKh jqfha fuu úIh flaIa;%hg wod< .=re Nj;=ka yd iïm;a
mqoa.,hska /ilf.a fkdmiqng W;aidyh yd lemùu ksid h'
wOHdmk moaO;sfha ixj¾Okh Wfoid ksu jq fuu ld¾hh ud b;du;a Wiia f,i w.h lrk
w;r fï i|yd lemù ls%hd l< Tn ieug uf.a f.!rjdkaú; ia;=;sh msß kuñ'
tï't*a'tia'mS' chj¾Ok
ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a
^úoHd yd ;dlaIK mSGh&
v
fmrjok
iudc m%.ukfhys ,d uyÕ= fufyjrl kshef,kakka w;r .=rejre m%uqL fj;s' iajlSh
Ôú;h ilia lr .ekSu i|yd orejkag u. fmkajkafkda .=rejre h'
2015 j¾Ifha isg l%shd;aul flfrk kj úIh ks¾foaYhg wod< b.ekaùï lghq;= id¾:l
lr .ekSu i|yd .=rejrekag myiqlï iemhSfï wruqKska fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%y uqøKh
lr fnod yeÍug wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j lghq;= lrhs' cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh u.ska
iïmdÈ; fï .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%y" orejkag ukd bf.kqï mßirhla ks¾udKh lr §ug wjYH
u. fmkaùu .=rejreka jk Tn fj; ,nd fokq we;ehs hkak udf.a úYajdih hs'
fï m%h;akh h:d¾:hla jkafka fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh mßYS,kfhka ,nk mßph
bf.kqï b.eksùï l%shdj,sh i|yd fhdod .ekSug ork W;aidyh u; h' ta ioa ld¾hh i|yd lem
ù isák Tng udf.a f.!rjh msßkuñ'
;siai fyajdú;dk
wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
biqremdh"
n;a;ruq,a,'
2015'09'22
vi
WmfoaYl;ajh yd wkque;sh ( Ydia;h
S% lghq;= uKav
a ,h
úIh iïnka ë lrKh ví'tï'ta'î' úfÊiqßh

fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h
- jdKsc fomd¾;fïka;j = "
f,aLl uKaav,h ( wyHka ; r odhl;a j h

ví'tï'ta'î' úfÊiqßh
fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h
tï'ta'whs'mS' fmf¾rd
fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h
fla' m%ndyrka
lÓldpd¾h
tia'wd¾' r;akÔj
iyldr lÓldpd¾h"
ndys r odhl;a j h (
ã'tia' rdcmlaI
YS%',x'úÿy,am;s fiajh
i$n,$ Wv.u u'ú' n,xf.dv
isßud kdkdhlaldr - .=re WmfoaYl
l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h - we,amsáh
ta'tÉ'tï' nqydß - .=re WmfoaYl
uiaðâ mdr" jrldfmd,
iS'tï'tia' kjdia - .=re WmfoaYl - bínd.uqj
NdId ixia l rKh ( tÉ'ví'à' m%ikak úfÊj¾Ok

YS% ,x ' .=re fiajh
nm$fyda$uq,af,a.u u'ú' - fydaud.u
vii
viii
* ish¨ u úIhhka Tiafia fuka u fjk u jq úIhhka u.ska o jHdjidhl;aj l=i,;d
,nd Èh yels h'
* jHdjidhl;ajh iud.ï ;=< fuka u rdcH wdh;k ;=< o Ndú;hg .efkk neúka
jHjidhl;aj wOHdmkfha § jHdjidhlhska fuka u wNHka;ßl jHdjidhlhska
flf¾ o wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= h'
* jHdjidhl;aj wOHdmkh ieneúkau .%yKh lr .ekSu i|yd wOHdmkfha iEu

uÜghul § u jHdjidhl;ajhg wod< j bf.kqï M, ;lafiarelrK l%u yd ;;;a j
wdrlaIK ls%hdmámdá ixj¾Okh lsÍug wjYH fõ' fïjd ie,iqï l< hq;af;a
.=rejreka ;=< jHdjidhl;aj oekqu" l=i,;d yd wdl,am i;= lr .ekSug Wmldr jk
wdldrfhks'
bf.kqï - b.ekaùï lsh

% dj,sfha § jHdjidhl;aj wOHhkhg wod< fm<fmdf;a ta ta ksmK
q ;dj,g
wod< mdvïj, wka;¾.;h ms<sn| j ukd jegySula ,nd .ekSu jeo.;a h' ta wkqj fuu .=re
w;afmd;g iu.dój fm<fmd; o mßyrKh lrñka bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh ie,iqï lr
.; hq;= fõ'
ix
mgqk
msgq wxlh
wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a m‚jqvh iii - iv
iyldr wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a m‚jqvh v
fmrjok vi
úIhud,d lugqj vii
.=re w;afmd; mßYs,kh lsßu i|yd Wmfoia viii - ix
úIh ks¾foaYh xi
ye¢kaùu xii
cd;sl fmdÿ wruqKq xiii
fmdÿ ksmqK;d iuQy xiv - xv
úIh wruqKq xvi
;iafiarelrKh yd we.ehSu xvii
úia;rd;aul úIh ks¾foaYh xviii - xxiv
bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh i|yd Wmfoia 1 - 62
x
úIh ks¾foaYh
xi
9:;,-<=
jHjidhl;aj wOHdmkfha iuia; wruqK jkafka jHjidhl;aj wdldrhlska yeisÍu i|yd
YsIHhkag oekqu" wdl,am yd l=i,;d ,nd§u h' jHjidhl;aj wOHhk úIhh" fcHIaG oaù;shsl
uÜgfï 10 iy 11 fYa%Ksj, isiqkag bf.k .ekSu i|yd f;dard.; yels úIhhla fõ' fuu úIhh
2007 j¾Ifha § YS% ,xldfõ ls%hd;aul lrk ,o wOHdmk m%;sixialrKfha § fcHIaG oaù;Shsl
úIhud,dfõ 10 iy 11 fYa%Ks i|yd y÷kajd fokq ,enQ kj;u úIhhla fõ' jHjidhl;aj wOHhkh
úIhh bf.k .ekSfuka wOHdmkh ;=<ska j¾Okh lsÍug wfmalaId lrk fmdÿ ksmqK;d jk
fm!reI;aj j¾Okhg wod< ksmqK;d iy jev f,dalhg iQodkïùfï ksmqK;d uekúka idlaId;a
lr .ekSug isiqkag wjia:dj ,efí' jHjidhl;aj wOHdmkh hdjÔj wOHdmkhls' tfuka u
jHjidhl;aj wOHdmkh 21 jk ishjfia f,dalfha kj/,a,ls' fï jk úg;a hqfrdamd fldñiug
we;=<;a rgj, iEu rgla u mdfya isiqkag m%:ñl wOHdmkfha isg u jHjidhl;aj wOHdmkh ,nd
§u msKsi m%;sm;a;suh jYfhka ;SrK f.k ls%hd;aul fjñka mj;S' fuu úIhh bf.k .ekSug
ie,eiaùfuka 21 jk ishjfia t<fUk f.da,Sh wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK §u i|yd isiqka iQodkï l<
yelss fõ'
fuu úIhfha wdrïNl wjia:dj f,i oelaúh yelafla Y%S ,xldfõ lksIaG oaú;shsl úIh
ud,dfõ 6-9 fYa%Ks olajd ls%hd;aul jk m%dfhda.sl yd ;dlaIK úIhhhs' tu úIhhka bf.k
.kakd isiqka yg jHjidhl;ajh ms<sn| mokï wjfndaOhla ,efnk w;r tu isiqkag 10 iy 11
fYa%Ksj, § jHjidhl;aj wOHkh úIhh Tiafia ;jÿrg;a iajlSh oekqu" wdl,am yd l=i,;d
jHdma; lr .ekSug bvm%ia;dj ,efí' bka wk;=rej Wiia fm< jHdmdr wOHhkh úIhh bf.k
.ekSfï § jHjidhl;ajh ms<sn| j ;jÿrg;a wOHhkh lsÍug wjia:dj i,id ;sfí' tu isiqka
Wiia wOHdmkhg msúiSfï § úYaj úoHd,j, o fï i|yd bv m%ia;d ;sfí'
2007 j¾Ifha § ls%hd;aul lrk ,o jHjidhl;aj wOHhkh úIhh mka;s ldurh ;=<
ls%hd;aul ùu ms<sn| j isÿ lrk ,o m¾fhaIK u.ska wkdjrKh jQ f;dr;=re o lafIa;%fhka ,nd
.;a w;a±lSï o ie,ls,a,g .ksñka mej;s fuu úIhh isiqkag b;d ms%hckl úIhhla njg m;a
lsÍu i|yd fujr hï hï fjkialïj,g Ndckh fldg úIhh kùlrKhlg n÷ka lrk ,§'
m%Odk jYfhka úIh ikaOdrfha .eUqr ;jÿrg;a wvq lrk ,o w;r" jvd;a ;d¾lsl whqßka
ksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgï fm<.iajd thg WÑ; whqßka úIh ikaOdrh ixúOdkh lr ;sfí'
jHdjidhl;ajh bf.k .ekSu mqoa.,hkag yd rglg fl;rï m%fhdackj;a jqj;a" 10 fY%aKshg
we;=<;ajk isiqka fuu úIh f;dard .ekSu idfmalaI jYfhka wvq uÜgul mj;S' tfia fyhska
fuu úIhh f;dard .ekSug bv m%ia;d ,nd§u wOHdmk n,Orhkaf.a o" .=rejrekaf.a o j.lSula
fldg i,lkq ,efí' ta wkqj fuu úIhh f;dard .ekSu i|yd isiqka Wkkaÿ lsÍug;a úIh
b.ekaùu i|yd .=rejre Wkkaÿ lsÍug;a jdKsc úoHd wOHlaIjre" úIh ixj¾Ok wOHlaIjre"
úÿy,am;sjre yd wxYNdr .=rejre mshjr .ekSu ldf,daÑ; ls%hdjla fõ'
x
xii
$!*#/%&(!>%0?=@"@
I udkj wNsudkhg .re lsrSfï ixl,amhla u; msysgd Y%S ,dxlsl nyqúO iudcfha
ixialD;sl úúO;ajh wjfndaO lr .ksñka cd;sl taldnoaO;dj" cd;sl Rcq .=Kh"
cd;sl iu.sh" tluq;=lu iy iduh m%j¾Okh lsÍu ;=<ska cd;sh f.dv ke`.Su iy Y%S
,dxlSh wkkH;dj ;yjqre lsÍu
II fjkia jk f,dalhl wNsfhda.hkag m%;spdr olajk w;r cd;sl Wreufha udye.s

odhdohka y`ÿkd .ekSu iy ixrlaIKh lsÍu
III udkj whs;js dislï .re lsÍu" hq;l

= ï yd j.lSï ms<n
s ò oekqj;a ùu" yDohdx.u ne`§ulska
hq;=j tlsfkld flfrys ie,ls,su;a ùu hk .=Kdx. m%j¾Okh lsÍug bjy,a jk
iudc idOdrK;aj iïu;hka iy m%cd;ka;%sl Ôjk rgdjla .eí jQ mßirhla ks¾udK
lsÍu iy mj;ajd f.k hdug iydh ùu
IV mqoa.,hskaf.a udkisl yd YdÍßl iqj iïm;a iy udkj w.hkag .re lsÍu u; mokï
jQ ;sridr Ôjk l%uhla m%j¾Okh lsÍu
V iqiudys; jQ iunr fm!reIhla iòyd ks¾udmK yelshdj" wdrïNl Yla;sh úpdrYS,S

Ñka;kh" j.lSu yd j.ùu we;=`M fjk;a Okd;aul wx. ,laIK ixj¾Okh lsÍu
VI mqoa.,hdf.a iy cd;sfha Ôj.=Kh jeäÈhqKq flfrk iy Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh

iòyd odhl jk M,odhs ld¾hhka iòyd wOHdmk ;=<ska udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okh lsÍu
VII YS>%fhka fjkia jk f,dalhla ;=< isÿ jk fjkialï wkqj yev.eiaùug yd tajd
md,kh lr .ekSug mqoa.,hska iqodkï lsÍu iy ixlS¾K yd wkfmalaIs; wjia:djkag
id¾:l j uqyqK §fï yelshdj j¾Okh lsÍu
VIII cd;Hka;r m%cdj w;r f.!rjkSh ia:dkhla ysñ lr .ekSug odhl jk hql;
a h
s iudk;ajh
iy wfkHdakH .re;ajh u; mokï jQ wdl,am yd l=i,;d fmdaIKh lsÍu
xi
xiii
&(!>%,#(@"*!%A=B9
wOHdmkh ;=<ska j¾Okh flfrk my; oelafjk uQ,sl ksmqK;d by; i|yka cd;sl
wruqKq uqÿkam;a lr .ekSug odhl jkq we;'
î& ikaksfõok ksmqK;d

idlaIr;dj" ixLHd ms<sn| oekqu" rEml Ndú;h iy f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh m%ùK;ajh hk
wkqldKav y;rla u; ikaksfõok ksmqK;d mokï fõ'
idlaIr;dj ( idjOdkj weyqïlka §u" meyeÈ,s j l;d lsÍu" f;areï .ekSu i|yd lshùu"
ksjerÈ j iy ksrjq,a j ,sùu' M,odhS whqßka woyia yqjudre lr .ekSu'
ixLHd ms<sn| oekqu ( NdKav" wjldYh yd ld,h" .Kka lsÍu" .Kkh iy ñkqï i|yd
l%udkql+, b,lalï Ndú;h'
rEml Ndú;h ( f¾Ld iy wdlD;s Ndú;fhka woyia ms<sìUq lsÍu iy f¾Ld" wdlD;s iy
j¾K .,mñka úia;r" Wmfoia yd woyia m%ldYkh yd jd¾;d lsÍu'
f;dr;=re ;dlaIK m%ùK;ajh( mß.Kl oekqu iy bf.kSfï § o fiajd mßY%hka ;=< §
o fm!oa.,sl ðú;fha § o f;dr;=re iy ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh Wmfhda.S lr .ekSu'
îi& fm!reI;aj j¾Okh wod< ksmqK;d

- ks¾udKYS,S nj" wmidÍ Ñka;kh" wdrïNl Yla;h
s " ;SrK .ekSu" .eg¨ ksrdlrKh
lsÍu" úpdrYS,S yd ú.%d;aul Ñka;kh" lKavdhï ye`.Sfuka lghq;= lsÍu"
mqoa.,dka;r in|;d" kj fidhd .ekSï iy .fõIKh jeks j¾.Sh l=i,;d
- Rcq .=Kh" bjid ord isàfï Yla;sh iy udkj wNsudkhg .re lsÍu jeks w.hhka'
- Ñ;a;fõ.S nqoaêh'
îii& mßirhg wod< ksmqK;d

fuu ksmqK;d idudðl" ffcj iy fN!;sl mßirhkag wod< fõ'
iudc mßirh ( cd;sl Wreuhka ms<sn| wjfndaOh" nyqjd¾.sl iudchl

idudðlhka ùu yd iïnkaO ixfõ§;dj yd l=i,;d"
idOdrK hql; a h
s ms<n
s | ye`.u
S " iudc iïnkaO;d" mqo.
a ,sl p¾hdj"
idudkH yd ffk;sl iïm%odhhka" whs;sjdislï" j.lSï" hq;=lï
iy ne£ï'
ffcj mßirh ( iÔù f,dalh" ck;dj iy ffcj moaO;sh" .iaje,a" jkdka;r"
uqyqÿ" c,h" jd;h iy Ôjh- Ydl" i;a;aj yd ñksia Ôú;hg
iïnkaO jQ wjfndaOh" ixfõ§ nj yd l=i,;d'
xiv
fN!;sl mßirh ( wjldYh" Yla;sh" bkaOk" øjH" NdKav iy ñksia Ôú;hg tajdfha
we;s iïnkaO;dj" wdydr" we÷ï" ksjdi" fi!LH" iqj myiqj"
kskoa " ksil
a ,xlh" úfõlh" wmøjH iy u<my lsÍu hkdÈh yd iïnkaO
jQ wjfndaOh" ixfõ§;dj yd l=i,;dj' bf.kSu" jev lsÍu iy Ôj;a
ùu i|yd fuj,ï iy ;dlaIKh m%fhdackhg .ekSfï l=i,;d fuys
wvx.= fõ'
îv& jev f,dalhg iqodkï ùfï ksmqK;d

wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg odhl ùu'
;u jD;a;Sh ,eÈhd iy wNsfhda.;d y÷kd .ekSu'
yelshdjkag iß,k whqßka /lshdjla f;dard .ekSu iy jdisodhl yd ;sridr Ôjfkdamdhl
ksr; ùu'
hk yelshdjka Wmßu lsÍug yd Odß;dj jeä lsÍug wod< fiajd kshqla;sh yd iïnkaO
l=i,;d'
^v& wd.u iy wdpdr O¾uhkag wod< ksmqK;d

mqoa.hkag ;u ffoksl Ôú;fha § wdpdrO¾u" iodpdrd;aul yd wd.udkql+, yeisÍï
rgdjkag wkq.; fjñka jvd;a WÑ; foa f;dard thg iß,k fia lghq;= lsÍu i|yd
w.hhka Wlyd .ekSu yd iaùhlrKh'
^vi& l%Svdj iy úfõlh m%fhdackhg .ekSfï ksmqK;d

fi!kao¾hh" idys;Hh" fi,a,ï lsÍu" l%Svd yd u,, l%Svd" úfkdaodxY yd fjk;a
ks¾udKd;aul Ôjk rgdjka ;=<ska m%ldY jk úfkdaoh" i;=g" wdfõ. iy tjka udkqIsl
w;aoelSï'
^vii& —bf.kSug bf.kSu˜ ms<sn| ksmqK;d

YS>%fhka fjkia jk" ixlS¾K yd tlsfkld u; hefmk f,dalhl mßj¾;k l%shdj,shla
yryd fjkiaùï yiqrejd .ekSfï § yd Bg ixfõ§ j yd id¾:l j m%;spdr oelaùu;a
iajdëkj bf.k .ekSu;a i|yd mqoa.,hska yg Yla;sh ,nd§u'
xv
úIhh wruqKq
01' jHjidhl;ajhg wod< uQ,sl ixl,am yd ksmqK;d ms<sn| j oekqj;aNdjh ,nd§u'

02' jHdmdr lghq;=j, iajNdjh yd jHdmdrj, wd¾Ól yd iudÔh wjYH;dj ms<sn|
uQ,sl wjfndaOhla ,nd§u'
03' jHjidhl;ajh flf¾ we,aula we;sù tys ienE ls%hdldßlhl= lrùu'
04' iudcfha ljr fyda mqoa., N+ñldjl id¾:l f,i lghq;= lsÍfï yelshdj
,nd§u i|yd jHjidhl;aj ksmqK;d w;am;a lr§u'
05' jHjidhl;aj wOHdmk lafIa;f
% ha jeäÿr wOHhk lghq;j
= , yd jD;a;h
s l kshe,Su
i|yd wjYH flfrk mokï oekqula ,nd§u'
06' iunr fm!reIhlska yd by< ld¾h idOkhlska hq;a mqoa.,fhl= njg m;a lsÍu'
07' .;sl jHdmdr mßirhg WÑ; f,i wkqj¾;kh fjñka id¾:l jHjidhlfhl=
jYfhka lghq;= lsÍfï yelshdj ,nd§u'
08' jHdmdr lsÍu i|yd id¾:l m%fõYhla ,nd§u yd /lshd ks¾udKh lrk mqo.
a ,hl=
ìyslÍ
s u'
09' foaYh
S iïm;a Ndú;fhka YS% ,xld wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg by< tl;= l< jákdlula
,nd fok mqoa.,fhl= ìyslsÍu'
10' wd¾Ól yd iudchSh jYfhka by< m%;s,dN N=la;s ú¢k wd;au wNsudkfhka hq;a
mqoa.,fhl= ìyslsÍu'
xvi
xvii
,12"4*$9 ,12"4*$%5685 0,-*)!*3 &!,"+%#7 /$7'&(.
5 ' jHdmdrhla
45
wdrïN ls Í u
i|yd ie,iq ï
ilia lrhs ' 5'1 jHdmdrhla wdrïN jHdmdr ie,eiau jHdmdr ie,eiau y÷kajhs' 03
lsÍu i|yd jHdmdr ye¢kaùu jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍfï § jHdmdr
ie,eiaul wjYH;dj m%fhdack ie,eiaul wjYH;dj idlÉPd lrhs'
wkdjrKh lrhs' jHdmdr ie,eiaul ixhq;sh jHdmdr ie,eiaul uQ,l
s dx. úia;r lrhs'
xvi
xviii
5'2 ksIamdÈ; i|yd wf,ú wf,ú weia;fïka;=j wf,ú weia;fïka;=jla ms<sfh, lsÍu 09
weia;fïka;=jla ye¢kaùu i|yd wjYH fjf<|fmd< f;dr;=re
ms<sfh, lrhs' wf,ú weia;fïka;=jg wod< bÈßm;a lrhs'
f;dr;=re wf,úlrK Wmdhud¾. ksoiqka iys;j
fjf<|fmd< ms<sn| f;dr;=re meyeÈ,s lrhs'
fhdað; jHdmdrfha fok ,o fjf<|fmd< f;dr;=re mokï
wf,úlrK Wmdh ud¾. lrf.k wf,ú weia;fïka;j
= la ms<f
s h,
úl=Kqï mqfrdal:kh lrhs'
wf,ú wdodhu yd wf,ú úhou
wf,ú ia:djr j;alï
Sy
,12"4*$9 %,12"4*$%5685 0,-*)!*3 &!,"+%#7 /$7'&(.
09
5'3 mqfrdal:kh lrk ,o ksIamdok msßjeh weia;fïka;=j ksIamdokhla i|yd wjYH flfrk
wf,úh ie<ls,a,g ye¢kaùu iïm;a ksoiqka iys; j meyeÈ,s lrhs'
f.k ksIamdok msßjeh ksIamdokh i|yd wjYH jk wfmalaIs; ksIamdokhla i|yd wjYH
weia;fïka;=j fhojqï fhojqïj, jákdlu .Kkh lrhs'
ms<sfh, lrhs' ia:djr j;alï wfmalaIs; ksIamdokhl uq`M ksIamdokh
wuqøjH msßjeh weia;fïka;= lr tall msßjeh
Y%uh .Kkh lrhs'
ksIamdok msßjeh
wuqøjH msßjeh
Y%u msßjeh
ksIamdok fmdÿ ld¾h msßjeh
xix
xvii
tall msßjeh
5'4 fhdað; jHdmdrhl mßmd,k lghq;=j,g wod< fhdað; jHdmdrhl mßmd,k

weia;fïka;=j lghq;=j,g wod< ie,eiafï we;=<;a 06
mßmd,k lghq;=j,g
wod< weia;fïka;=j ye¢kaùu ;k;=re yd tu ;k;=rej,g
ms<sfh, lrhs' mßmd,kuh ;k;=re yd ld¾hhka wod< ld¾hhka i|yd ksoiqka olajhs'
fiajl jegqma yd fõ;k fhdað; jHdmdrhl mßmd,k
wfkl=;a mßmd,k úhoï lghq;=j,g wod< úhoï .Kkh lrhs'
mßmd,k ia:djr j;alï fhdað; jHdmdrhla i|yd mßmd,k
úhoï weia;fïka;=jla ms<sfh, lrhs'
Sy
,12"4*$9 ,12"4*$%5685 0,-*)!*3 &!,"+%#7 /$7'&(.
5'5 uQ,H ie,eiafï uQ,H weia;fïka;=j fhdað; jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug fmr 03
fufyhqï fmr úhoï ye¢kaùu l< hq;= ld¾hhka i|yd ksoiqka olajhs'
weia;fïka;=j ms<sfh, jHdmdrhla weröug fmr ld¾hhka fhdað; jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug fmr
lrhs' yd úhoï isÿ l< hq;= ld¾hhka i|yd wfmalaIs;
ye¢kaùu úhoï .Kkh lrhs'
fjf<|fmd< iólaIKh fok ,o jHdmdrhl fufyhqï fmr
ia:dkh ixj¾Okh lsÍu úhoï weia;fïka;=jla ms<sfh, lrhs'
øjH iy WmlrK fidhd ne,Su
,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu
fjk;a
5'6 wfmaCIs; jHdmdrh uqM wdfhdack weia;fïka;=j fhdað; jHdmdrhl uq`M wdfhdack
xx
wdrïN lsÍu i|yd ye¢kaùu weia;fïka;=jl we;=<;a jk whs;u 06

xviii
wjYH jk uqM úhoï ia:djr j;alï ksoiqka iys; j bÈßm;a lrhs'

ie,ls,a,g f.k wdrïN lsÍug fmr oeßh hq;= fhdað; jHdmdrhl ffoksl lghq;=
wdfhdck weia;fïka;=j uqM úhoï mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd wjYH flfrk
ms<sfh, lrhs' tosfkod lghq;= mj;ajdf.k hdu úhoï mqfrdal:kh lrhs'
ioyd w; ;nd .; hq;= uqo,a fok ,o jHdmdrhla i|yd uq`M
wdfhdack weia;fïka;=jla ms<sfh,
lrhs'
5'7 wfmalaIs; uqo,a .,d taï uqo,a .,dtaï yd uqo,a .,dhdï fhdað; jHdmdrhl uqo,a .,dtaï i|yd 03
yd uqo,a .,dhdï we;=<;a ye¢kaùu ksoiqka olajhs'
f,aLkhla ms<sfh, lrhs' wfmalaIs; uqo,a .,d taï fhdað; jHdmdrhl uqo,a .,dhdï i|yd
wfmalaIs; uqo,a .,d hdï ksoiqka olajhs'
fok ,o jHdmdrhl uqo,a .,dtaï iy
.,dhEï we;=<;a f,aLkhla ms<sfh,
lrhs'
Sy
,12"4*$9 %,12"4*$%5685 0,-*)!*3 &!,"+%#7 /$7'&(.
5'8 wfmalaIs; úhoï yd jHdmdr m%;sM,h .Kkh ksYaÑ; ld,hl jHdmdr m%;sM, 06
wdodhï ie<ls,a,g ye¢kaùu .Kkh lsÍu i|yd wjYH flfrk
.ksñka jHdmdr uqM wdodhï whs;u ksoiqka iys;j olajhs'
lghq;=j, m%;sM,h uqM úhoï fok ,o jHdmdrhl m%;sM,h .Kkh
.Kkh lrhs' wfmalaIs; ,dNh lsÍu i|yd wjYH flfrk whs;u
jákdlï iys;j olajhs'
fok ,o jHdmdrhl ksYaÑ;
ld,hla i|yd m%;sM,h .Kkh lrhs'
24
jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾. jHdmdr ixúOdk ksoiqka
xxi
6 ' jHdmdr wdrïN 6'1 jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾.

lsÍu i|yd wOHhkh lrhs' ye¢kaùu iys;j meyeÈ,s lrhs' 03
fhda . H ixúOdk wruqK wkqj j¾. lsÍu jHdmdr ixúOdk wruqKq wkqj
whs;sh wkqj j¾. lsÍu
xix
j¾. úu¾Ykh j¾. fldg ksoiqka olajhs'

lrhs ' jHdmdr ixúOdk whs;sh wkqj
j¾. fldg olajhs'
6'2 flaj< iajdñ jHdmdr flaj< iajdñ jHdmdr flaj< iajdñ jHdmdrj, uq,sl 06
ixúOdk úu¾Ykh lrhs' ye¢kaùu ,laIK i|yd ksoiqka imhhs'
uQ,sl ,laIK flaj< iajdñ jHdmdr wdrïN
wdrïN lsÍu lsÍfï mámdáh meyeÈ,s lrhs'
jdis yd iSud flaj< iajdñ jHdmdrj, mj;akd
jdis yd iSud bÈßm;a lrhs'
Sy
,12"4*$9 ,12"4*$%5685 0,-*)!*3 &!,"+%#7 /$7'&(.
6'3 yjq,a jHdmdr ixúOdk yjq,a jHdmdrj, uQ,sl ,laIK i|yd 06

yjq,a jHdmdr
úu¾Ykh lrhs' ye¢kaùu ksoiqka imhhs'
uQ,sl ,laIK yjq,a jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍfï mámdáh
wdrïN lsßu meyeÈ,s lrhs'
yjq,a jHdmdrj, mj;akd jdis yd iSud
jdis yd iSud bÈßm;a lrhs'
ixia:dms; iud.ï ixia:dms; iud.ul uQ,l

s ,laIK i|yd 06
6'4 ixia:dms; iud.ï
ye¢kaùu ksoiqka imhhs'
xx
úu¾Ykh lrhs'
xxii
uQ,sl ,laIK iSudiys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ï wdrïN

iSudiys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ï lsÍfï mámdáh meyeÈ,s lrhs'
wdrïN lsßu iSudiys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ul mj;akd
jdis yd iSud jdis yd iSud bÈßm;a lrhs'
jr,;a jHdmdrhl uQ,l

s ,laIK meyeÈ,s 03
6'5 jr,;a jHdmdr jr,;a jHdmdr
lrhs'
úu¾Ykh lrhs' ye¢kaùu
jr,;a jHdmdr wdrïN lsÍfï mámdáh
uQ,sl ,laIK
olajhs'
wdrïN lsÍu
jr,;a jHdmdrhl mj;akd jdis yd iSud
jdis yd iSud
bÈßm;a lrhs'
Sy
,12"4*$9 ,12"4*$%5685 0,-*)!*3 &!,"+%#7 /$7'&(.
7' YS % ,xldfõ 21
jHjidhl;a j
ixia l D;s h la
ìys ù ug we;s
bvm% i a : d
.fõIKh lrhs ' 7'1 YS% ,xldfõ jHjidhl;aj YS% ,xldfõ jHjidhl;aj ixialD;shla YS% ,xldfõ jHjidhl;aj ixialD;shl 06
ixialD;shla ks¾udKh ks¾udKhùug we;s bvm%ia:d wjYH;dj i|yd fya;= olajhs'
ùug we;s bvm%ia:d yd ta jHjidhl;aj ixialD;sh ye¢kaùu jHjidhl;aj ixialD;shla ìysùug
yd iïnkaOj mj;akd jHjidhl;aj ixialD;shla n,mdk wd¾Ól yd iudchSh idOl
iSud .fõIKh lrhs' ks¾udKhùfï wjYH;dj i|yd ksoiqka olajhs'
YS% ,xldfõ jHjidhl;aj ixialD;shla
xxi
xxiii
jHjidhl;aj ixialD;shla ìysùug ndOdjk idOl meyeos,s lrhs'

ks¾udKhùu i|yd ys;lr jk
iudchSh iy wd¾Ól idOl
rfÜ wd¾Ólh yd foaYmd,kh
rch iy fjk;a wdh;kj,
Èß§ï
mjqf,a jHdmdr wLKavj
lr f.khdu
iïm;a ,nd .ekSfï yelshdj
úYd, jHdmdrj,ska ,efnk
Èßu;a lsÍï
wdo¾Y prs;
úúO md¾Yajhkaf.a Èßu;a lsÍï
jHjidhl;ajhg we,aula we;sùug

tfrysjk iudchSh idOl
Sy
0,-*)!*3 &!,"+%#7 /$7'&(.
7'2 YS% ,xldfõ jHjidhl;aj jHjidhlhl= jYfhka ldka;d N+ñldj ldka;djka jHjidhl;ajh flf¾ 06
mßirhla ks¾udKh ye¢kaùu fhduqùfï wjYH;dj ikd: lrhs'
ùfuys,d ldka;d ldka;djka jHdmdr lsÍu i|yd bÈßm;a jHjidhl;aj ld¾hNdrh isÿ lsÍu i|yd
N+ñldfõ wjYH;dj ùfï wjYH;dj yd ta i|yd we;s ldka;djka ;=< mj;akd Yla;k
S a idlÉPd
úu¾YKh lrhs' bvm%ia:d lrhs'
jHjidhsldjla jYfhka ldka;djka ldka;djka jHdmdrj, ksr;ùu
;=< we;s Yla;Ska iïnkaOj YS% ,dxlsl iudch ;=<
ldka;djka jHdmdr lsÍu yd iïnkaOj mj;akd iSudjka i|yd
mj;akd ndOd ksoiqka olajhs'
7'3 iudc j.lSï yd jHdmdrj, iudc j.lSï yd jHdmdr jHdmdr iudc j.lSï yd wdpdr O¾u 03
xxii
wdpdrO¾u ms<smÈñka wdpdr O¾u ms<sn|j iajlSh woyi meyeÈ,s lrhs'

xxiv
hym;a jHjidhl;aj ye¢kaùu jHdmdr úiska iudc j.lSï bgq lsÍug

ixialD;shla jHdmdr flf¾ Wkkaÿjla olajk ne£ we;s md¾Yaj ksoiqka iys; j meyeÈ,s
f.vke.Sfuys,d md¾Yaj lrhs'
odhlùfï we,au jHdmdrj, iudc j.lSu yd jHdmdr jHdmdrj, iudc j.lSï yd wdpdr O¾u
m%o¾Ykh lrhs' wdpdr O¾u ms<sme§fï wjYH;dj ms<sme§fï wjYH;dj idlÉPd lrhs'
7'4 kj jHdmdr wdrïN kj jHdmdr wdrïN lrk kj jHdmdr i|yd Èß.ekaùï ,nd§fï 06
lrkakkaa Èß.ekaùu jHdmdßlhska i|yd mj;akd Èß.ekaùï wjYH;dj idlÉPd lrhs'
i|yd lghq;= lrk yd wdh;k YS% ,xldfõ jHjidhlskag imhk uQ,H
wdh;k yd jevigyka ye¢kaùu yd wjYH;dj yd uQ,H fkdjk Èß.ekaùï i|yd
ms<sn|j fidhd ne,Sfï Èß.ekaùï j¾. ksoiqka imhhs'
we,au m%o¾Ykh lrhs' uQ,H YS% ,xldfõ jHjidhlhskag uQ,H yd
uQ,H fkdjk uq,H fkdjk yd osß.ekaùï imhk
Èß.ekaùï imhk wdh;k wdh;k i|yd ksoiqka olajhs'
uQ,H Èß.ekaùï
uQ,H fkdjk Èß.ekaùï 90
Sy
bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh
i|yd Wmfoia
1
ksmqK;dj 5 ( jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsrSu i|yd ie,iqï ilia lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'1 ( jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍu i|yd jHdmdr ie,eiaul wjYH;dj
wkdjrKh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 03
bf.kqï M, ( fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< mdvï wjika ùfuka miq

isiqka úiska '
² jHdmdr ie,eiau y÷kajhs'
² jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍfï § jHdmdr ie,eiaul wjYH;dj idlÉPd lrhs'
² jHdmdr ie,eiaul uq,sldx. úia;r lrhs'
mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia

fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< úIh ks¾foaYfha we;s úIh wka;¾.;h o" ta yd iïnkaO
fm<fmdf;a we;s úIh lreKq ms<sn| j o ukd jegySula ,nd .kak' wk;=rej my;
i|yka Wmfoia flf¾ wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
² fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< j m%:u mdvug msúiSfï § weuqKqu 5'1'1 ys we;=<;a
ksjdi ie,iqu mka;shg bÈßm;a lrkak'
² ksjila iE§ug fmr ksjdi ie,eiaula ieliSfï jeo.;alu o" ksjil we;=<;a
fldgia o" tjeks ie,iqul wjYH;dj o isiqkaf.ka úuiñka nqoaê l,ïNkhla
lrkak'
² jHdjidhlhdf.a jHdmdr woyi ienE jHdmdrhla njg mßj¾;kh lr ls%hd;aul

lsÍu i|yd jHdmdr ie,eiaula ms<sfh, lsÍug isÿjk nj isiqkag ;yjqre lrkak'
² by; ls%hdldrlfuka wk;=rej jHdmdr ie,eiau y÷kajd" jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍfï

§ jHdmdr ie,eiaul wjYH;dj yd m%fhdack ms<sn| j isiqka oekqj;a lrkak'
² jHdmdr ie,eiaul wka;¾.; my; i|yka uq,sldx. ms<sn| j flá úia;rhla

lrkak'
² úOdhl idrdxYh'
² fj<|fmd< úYaf,aIKh'
² wf,ú ie,eiau'
² ksIamdok msßjeh weia;fïka;=j'
² mßmd,k lghq;= ms<sn| weia;fïka;=j'
² uq,H weia;fïka;=j'
² weuqKqu 5'1'2 ys we;=<;a lKavdhï .fõIK Wmfoia o" weuqKqu 5'1'3 ys we;=<;a
wdrdê; wuq;a;df.a l:dj o m%fhdackhg f.k isiqka .fõIKhl fhdojd
ld¾hfhys ksr; lrjkak'
² fuu ksmqK;d uÜgu i|yd bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sfha § jdia;úl fyda

jHQy.; rpkd j¾.fha m%Yak Ndú; lrñka WÑ; we.ehSï isiqkag ,nd fokak'
ksoiqka - jHdmdr ie,eiaul m%fhdack bÈßm;a lrkak'
jHdmdr ie,eiaul uq,sldx. kï lrkak'
2
uq,sl joka $ixl,am
jHdmdr ie,eiau yd tys uq,sldx.'
úOdhl idrdxYh'
fj<|fmd< úYaf,aIKh'
wf,ú ie,eiau'
ksIamdok msßjeh weia;fïka;=j'
mßmd,k lghq;= ms<sn| weia;fïka;=j'
uq,H weia;fïka;=j'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï
11 fY%aKsfha fm< fmd;'
weuqKqu 5'1'1 ksjdi ie,eiafï msgm;la'
weuqKqu 5'1'2 yd 5'1'3 ys msgm;a'
;lafiarelrK yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl

jHdmdr ie,eiau meyeÈ,s lrhs'
jHdmdr ie,eiaul m%fhdack fmkajd fohs'
jHdmdr ie,eiaul uq,sldx. kïlr meyeÈ,s lrhs'
weuqKqu 5'1'1
ksjdi ie,eiau
3
jHdmdr ie,eiaula" jHdmdrhla wdrïN lrk úg muKla fkdfjhs' mj;sk jHdmdrhla jeä ÈhqKq lsÍfï
4
ksmqK;dj 5 ( jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍu i|yd ie,iqï ilia lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'2 ( ksIamdÈ; i|yd wf,ú weia;fïka;=jla ms<sfh, lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 09

isiqka úiska '
wf,ú weia;fïka;=jla ms<sfh, lsÍu i|yd wjYH fjf<|fmd< f;dr;=re
bÈßm;a lrhs'
wf,úlrK Wmdhud¾. ksoiqkla iys; j meyeÈ,s lrhs'
fok ,o fjf<|fmd< f;dr;=re mokï lrf.k wf,ú weia;fïka;=jla
ms<sfh, lrhs'

fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< j úIh ks¾foaYfha we;s úIh wka;¾.;h o ta yd
iïnkaO j fm< fmdf;ys wvx.= úIh lreKqq ms<sn|j o ukd jegySula ,nd.kak'
wk;=rej my; i|yka Wmfoia flf¾ wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
fuu ksmqK;d uÜgu hgf;a m%:u mdvug msúiSfï § " biaika u.==rka f,dl=
je,sf.dõjka ---" hk .S;h mka;shg bÈßm;a lr tys we;=<;a j we;s jHdmdr yd
iïnkaO my; i|yka lreKq biau;= lr .kak' ke;fyd;a my; i|ykajk joka$
ixl,am u;=lr.; yels Tn okakd lúhla$ .S;hla fyda l:djla bÈßm;a l< yels h'
NdKavh
fj<|fmd<
mdßfNda.slhd
ñ," fj<| m%foaYh
úl=Kqï jeälr .ekSug fhdod .kakd Wmdh ud¾.'
by; lsh% dldrlfuka wk;=rej wf,ú weia;fïka;j

= y÷kajd tys we;=<;a f;dr;=re
ms<sn| isiqka oekqj;a lrkak'
wf,ú weia;fïka;=jla ms<sfh, lsÍu i|yd wjYH f;dr;=re imhd .ekSug

jHjidhlhska úiska fjf<|+fmd< iólaIKhla ^fidhd ne,Sulska & l< hq;= nj
meyeÈ,s lrkak'
fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< uq,sl ixl,am wkdjrKh lsÍu i|yd 5'2'1 lKavdhï
.fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia m;s%ldj Ndú; lrñka isiqka ld¾hfhys ksr; lrjkak'
fuu ksmqK;d uÜgu hgf;a wf,ú weia;fïka;=jla isiqka ,jd ms<sfh, l< hq;=
fõ' ta i|yd wNHdihla lrùug weuqKqu 5'2'2 ys we;=<;a .fõIK Wmfoia
m;s%ldj yd weuqKqu 5'2'3 ys we;=<;a " fid*aÜ fgdahsia " jHdmdrfha wf,ú
weia;fïka;=j isiqkag ,nd § ld¾hfhys ksr; lrjkak'
isiqka úiska " fid*aÜ fgdahsia " jHmdrfha wf,ú weia;fïka;=j wOHhkh fldg"
iajlSh ksIamdÈ;h i|yd wf,ú weia;fïka;=jla ms<sfh, lsÍug isiqka fhduq
lrjkak'
5
fuu ksmqK;d uÜgu i|yd bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sfha § jdia;úl yd
jHqy.; rpkd j¾.fha m%Yak Ndú; lrñka WÑ; we.ehSï isiqkag ,nd fokak'
ksoiqka -
wf,ú weia;fïka;=jla ms<sfh, lsÍfï § we;=<;a lrk wf,ú úhoï
,ehsia;=jla ilia lrkak'
ksIamdÈ;hl wf,úh m%j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd l=vd mßudK jHdmdßlfhl=g

.;yels ls%hdud¾. i|yka lrkak'
Tn m%foaYfha ls%hd;aul j we;s my; i|yka jHdmdrj, wf,úh jeälr

.ekSu i|yd ls%hd;aul fldg we;s Wml%u bÈßm;a lrkak'
kso- foam< fjf<|dï'
Wmldrl mka;s
fílß ksIamdok
uqq,sl joka $ ixl,am

fjf<| fmd<
ksIamdÈ;h
;r.ldß;ajh
wf,úlrK Wmdhud¾. ^ksIamdÈ;h" ñ," ia:dkh" m%j¾Okh&
úl=Kqï mqfrdal:kh
wf,ú wdodhu
wf,ú úhou
wf,ú ia:djr j;alï
.=Kd;aul fhojqï
11 fY%aKsfha fm< fmd;
weuqKqu 5'2'1 lKavdhï .fõIK i|yd Wmfoia m;s%ldj'
weuqKqu 5'2'2 lKavdhï .fõIK i|yd Wmfoia m;s%ldj'
weuqKqu 5'2'3 fid*aÜ fgdahsia jHdmdrfha wf,ú weia;fïka;=j'

wfmalaIs; jHdmdrhla i|yd wf,ú weia;fïka;=jla ms<sfh, lrhs'
fok ,o ksIamdÈ;hla i|yd WÑ; wf,úlrK Wmdhud¾. ;SrKh lrhs'
wf,ú weia;fïka;=jla ms<sfh, lsÍu i|yd wjYH lrk f;dr;=re bÈßm;a
lrhs'
6
weuqKqu 5'2'1
lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia -
Tfí lKavdhu my; i|yka ud;Dldj .ek wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
" újdy ux., W;aijh "

tu ud;Dldj wdYs%; j u;=lr .; yels jHdmdr wjia:d lKavdhï idlÉPdjla
;=<ska ;SrKh lr tu wjia:d ,shd olajkak'
tu jHdmdr wjia:d j,ska jHdmdrhla lsÍug iqÿiq hehs ;SrKh l< yels jHdmdr
wjia:djla f;darkak'
tu jHdmdr wjia:djg wkqj Tn iemhSug wfmalaId lrk NdKavh fyda fiajdj
ksYaÑ; j kï lr y÷kajkak'
Tn tu NdKavh fyda fiajdj iemhSug wfmalaId lrk msßi ^mdßfNda.sl lKavdhu&
úia;r lrkak' ^kso' jhia uÜgu" wdodhu" ia;S%$mqreI Ndjh" /lshdj&
tu msßi N+f.da,Sh jYfhka úisÍ isák wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
^kd.ßl j' m%dfoaYSh j&
tu mdßfNda.slhska tu NdKavh fyda fiajdj ñ, § .ekSfï rgdj
^kso ( ksr;=rej$Èkm;d$b|ysg$l,d;=rlska ñ,§ .ekSu& fln÷ oehs úia;r lrkak'
Tn bÈßm;a lsÍug wfmalaId lrk NdKavh fyda fiajdj oekg mdßfNda.slhska
,nd .kafka ljqrekaf.ka o @ lskï ia:dkhlska o @
Tn tu mdßfNda.sl msßfika fldmuK m%udKhlg NdKavh fyda fiajdj iemhSug
wfmalaId lrkafka o @ ^Èklg$i;shlg$udihlg&
Tfí NdKavh fyda fiajdj mdßfNda.slhskag ñ,§ .ekSug i,iajkafka flfiao @
tu mdßfNda.sl fldgi Tnf.a NdKavh fyda fiajdj flfrys wdl¾Ykh lr
.ekSug Tng .; yels ls%hdud¾. fudkjd o @
Tfí wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iqodkï jkak'
weuqKqu 5'2'2
lKavdhï .fõIK i|yd Wmfoia
my; i|yka ud;Dld w;ßka Tfí lKavdhug ,eî we;s ud;Dldj flfrys wjOdkh
fhduq lrkak'
mdi,a fmd;a nE.a'
iqN me;=ïm;a '
" fid*aÜ fgdahsia " jHdmdrfha wf,ú weia;fïka;=j fyd¢ka wOHhkh lrkak'
Tnf.a ud;Dldjg wod< j wf,ú weia;fïka;=j ms<sfh, lsÍu i|yd my; lreKq
wkdjrKh lr .ekSu i|yd lKavdhï idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
ksIamdÈ;h'
b,lal mdßfNda.sl lKavdhu'
b,lal fjf<|fmd< m%foaYh
;r.lrejka" Tjqkaf.a fjf<|fmd< fldgi m%;sY;hla f,i
;r.lrejkaf.a wf,ú Wmdh ud¾.
iajlSh wf,ú Wmdhud¾.
wfmalaIs; wf,ú m%udKh yd jákdlu udisl yd jd¾Isl jYfhka'
wfmalaIs; úl=Kqï msßjegqu udisl yd jd¾Isl jYfhka '
wfmalaIs; wf,ú úhou udisl yd jd¾Isl jYfhka'
idlÉPdj weiqßka u;= lr .;a f;dr;=re by; YS¾I hgf;a olajkak'
Tnf.a wkdjrK iqÿiq mßÈ iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iqodkï lrkak'
7
7
weuqKqu 5'2'3
fhdað; " fid*aÜ fgdahsia " jHdmdrfha wf,ú weia;fïka;=j
ksIamdokh ( úis;=re mekavdjka

b,lal mdrsfNda.slhd ( iqr;,a i;=ka flf¾ we,aula olajk ldka;djka yd
<uqka '
fjf<|fmd< ( lE.,a, Èia;s%lalfha úis;=re mekavdjka i|yd
b,aüla we;s lrk wh'
N+f.da,Sh n, m%foaYh ( lE.,a, Èia;s%lalfha fhdað; N+f.da,Sh n, m%foaYh
fõ'
;r.lrejka yd Tjqkaf.a fjf<|fmd< fldgi (
ikS fgdahsia - 20]

fid*aÜ fgdahsia - 20]
fjk;a iemhqïlrejka - 60]
ikS fgdahsia
20]
ndysr iemhqïlrejka
60] 20]
fid*aÜ fgdahsia
wf,ú Wmdh ud¾.
;r.lrejka fid*aÜ fgdahsia
ksIamdÈ;h frÈ yd mq¨ka Ndú;fhka frÈ yd mq¨ka fhdod ieliq

;ekQ mekavdjka úis;=re mekavdjka
ñ, ksIamdok msßjeh u; ,dN ;r.lrejkaf.a ñ,g

m%;sY;hla tl;= lrk ,o wdikak ñ,ls'
ñ,la' tallhl ñ, re'300$-
ia:dkh$fnodyeÍu is,a,r idmamq ysñhka u.ska" is,a,r úis;=re NdKav idmamq

m%o¾Yk r:" i;s fmd<j,a ysñhka u.ska mdßfNda.slhkag
u.ska fnodyef¾'
m%j¾Okh fjf<| jÜgï ,nd§u idmamq bÈßmsg mekavdjka m%o¾Ykh'

oekaùï mqjre äðg,a uqÈ%; nek¾ m%o¾Ykh
8
wf,ú ie,eiau
² úl=Kqï tall m%udKh

ksIamdÈ;h udisl úl=Kqï jd¾Isl úl=Kqï
tall m%udKh tall m%udKh
frÈ yd
mq¨ka Ndú;fhka 3 000 36 000
;ekq mekavdjka
² úl=Kqï msßjegqu
ksIamdÈ;h udisl úl=Kqï tallhl uq¿ msßjegqu - remsh,a

tall m%udKh úl=Kqï ñ, re' udisl jd¾Isl
frÈ yd mq¨ka 3 000 300 900 000 10 800 000
Ndú;fhka ;ekq
mekavdjka
² wf,ú úhou ^úlsKSfï yd fnodyeÍfï úhou&
whs;uh udisl úhou jd¾Isl úhou

remsh,a remsh,a
fnodyeÍfï úhou 12 000 144 000
m%pdrK úhoï 15 000 180 000
bkaOk 5 000 60 000
;S%frdao r: laIh 4 000 48 000
uq¿ tl;=j 36 000 432 000
² wf,ú ia:djr j;alï

² ;S%frdao r: re'480 000
"
9
ksmqK;dj 5 ( jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsßu i|yd ie,iqï ilia lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'3 ( mqfrdal:kh lrk ,o wf,úh ie,ls,a,g f.k ksIamdok

msßjeh weia;fïka;=j ms<sfh, lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 09
bf.kqï M, ( fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< mdvï wjika ùfuka miq isiqka
úiska
ksIamdokhla i|yd wjYH flfrk iïm;a ksoiqka iys; j meyeÈ,s lrhs'

wfmalaIs; ksIamdokhla i|yd wjYH fhojqïj, jákdlu .Kkh lrhs'
wfmalaIs; ksIamdokhl uq¿ ksIamdok msßjeh weia;fïka;= lr tall msßjeh
.Kkh lrhs'
mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia (

fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< j úIh ks¾foaYfha we;s úIh wka;¾.;h o ta yd iïnkaO
j fm<fmdf;ys wvx.= úIh lreKqq ms<sn| j o ukd jegySula ,nd.kak' wk;=rej my;
i|yka Wmfoia flf¾ wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
fuu ksmqK;d uÜgu hgf;a m%:u mdvug msúiSfï § myiqfjka yd iq,n j mj;sk
øjH lsysmhla iEu isiqfjl=g u ,efnk mßÈ imhd .kak'
kso - lvodis len,s

îu ng" uQä
äuhs fld<
w;amsiakd lvodhs
ldâfndaâ §is
ldâfndaâ
ysia mEka ng
tu øjH tla tla isiqkag ,nd § tajd Ndú; fldg hï fohla ks¾udKh
lsÍug Wmfoia § ld¾hfha kshq;= lrjkak'
isiqkaf.a ksuejqï wod< lr f.k ksIamdokh i|yd wjYH jk my;

i|yka whs;u ms<sn| j isiqka iu. idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
kso (
wuqøjH yd wuqøjH msßjeh'
Y%uh yd Y%u msßjeh '
fhojqï ksujqï iïnkaOh'
ia:djr j;alï'
ksIamdokhg jeh jk fjk;a úhoï
^jd;h" wdf,dalh &
ksIamdok msßjeh'
10
² ksIamdok msßjeh weia;fïka;=jg wod< ixl,am ms<sn| j ;j ÿrg;a w;aoelSï
,nd §u i|yd lvodisj,ska f;dmams iE§fï lS%vdj fhdackd flf¾' lvodisj,ska
f;dmams iE§fï ls%vdj ms<sn| Wmfoia weuqKqu 5'3'1 ys we;=<;a jk w;r" ta ms<sn|
j .=rejerhd ukd jegySula ,nd .; hq;= h'
² bkamiq isiqka fhdað; ls%vdfõ ksr; lrùfuka wk;=rej ksIamdokhg wod< by;
ixl,am ;jÿrg;a ;yjqre lr jkak'
² tfia ke;fyd;a fï i|yd weuqKqu 5'3'2 ys we;=<;a ksIdmdok lS%vdj o fhdod .;

yels fõ'
² lS%vdfjka wk;=re j weuqKqu 5'3'3 ys we;=<;a lKavdhï .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ldj

o weuqKqu 5'3'4 ys we;=<;a ms%hka; ,S nvq ksIamdok wdh;kfha isoaêh o isiqkag
,nd § lKavdhï .fõIKhl fhdojkak'
² " ms%hka; ,S nvq ksIamdolfhda " jHdmdrhg wod< ksIamdok ie,eiafuys fufyhqï
f;dr;=re u.ska ms<sfh, lr .; yels ksIamdok msßjeh weia;fïka;=j my;
oelafõ'
ksIamdok msßjeh weia;fïka;=j

re' re'
øjH úhoï
oej wä ^1000 x 15$- & 15 000
weK lsf,da ^2 x 250$-& 500
;Ska; ,Sg¾ ^2 x 750$-& 1 500
wfkl=;a øjH 2 500
19 500
Y%u úhoï
jvq ld¾ñlhka 01 22 000
w;a Wojqlrjka 02x10 000 20 000
42 000
ksIamdokhg wod< fjk;a úhoï
lïy,a úÿ,sh 1 000
lïy,a nÿ l=,sh 4 000
hka;% kv;a;=j yd w¨;ajeähd 2 000
lïy,a msßisÿ lsÍu 500
hka;% iq;% laIh 1 000 8 500
uq¿ ksIamdok msßjeh 70 000
tallhl msßjeh = uq¿ ksIamdok msßjeh = 70 000 = re' 350

ksmojq tall .Kk 200
11
fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< bf.kqï b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sfha § jdia;úl yd jHqy.;
rpkd j¾.fha m%Yak Ndú; lrñka WÑ; we.hSï isiqkag ,nd fokak'
ksoiqka -
Èkm;d Èjd wdydrh i|yd n;a md¾i,a wf,ú lrk iajhx jHdmdrhl
wfmalaIs; f;dr;=re fufiah'
² n;a md¾i,a 50 la ieliSu i|yd wjYH øjH'

iïnd yd,a - 08 re'75& re' 600
t<j¿ i|yd re' 800
ud¿ 03 re'400& re' 1 200
wfkl=;a øjH re' 1 000
fmd,a f.ä 05 ^f.ä 1 re 50& re' 250
bkaOk re' 500
lEu idokakdf.a jegqm re' 500
² uq¿ ksIamdok msßjeh yd tall msßjeh .Kkh lrkak'
uq,sl joka $ixl,am

² fhojqï ksujqï iïnkaOh'
² ia:djr j;alï'
² ksIamdokhg jeh jq fjk;a úhoï
² ksIamdok msßjeh'
² tall msßjeh '
.=Kd;aul fhojqï
² 11 fYa%Ks fm< fmd;
² msúiSu i|yd fhdað; ls%hdldrlïj,g wjYH øjH
² 5'3'3 lKavdhï .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ldj'
² 5'3'4 ms%hka; ,S nvq jHdmdrfha isoaêfha msgm;a wjYH m%udKhg

² ksIamdok msßjeh weia;fïka;=jla ieliSug wjYH f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs'
² ksIamdok tall m%udKh yd uq¿ ksIamdok msßjeh ie,ls,a,g f.k ksIamdok
tall msßjeh .Kkh lrhs'
² fok ,o f;dr;=re weiqßka ksIamdok msßjeh weia;fïka;=jla ms<sfh, lrhs'
12
weuqKqu 5'3'1
f;dmams iE§fï jHdmdr lS%vdfõ fh§ug Wmfoia
² isiqka lKavdhï folla fyda Bg jeä .Kkla ksIamdokh i|yd fhdod .kak'
² my; i|yka ls%hdldrlï i|yd ia:dk mka;sldurh ;=< ia:dms; lrkak'
² nexl= lghq;= i|yd ia:dkhla
² wuqø øjH iemhSu i|yd ia:dkhla
² ksñ øjH ñ,§ .ekSu i|yd ia:dkhla
² iEu lKavdhul u iafõÉPdfjka bÈßm;a jk isiqka fofofkl= ne.ska f.k
by; i|yka ia:dkj, ls%hdldrlfuys fhdojkak' isiqka m%udKj;a ixLHdjla
fkdisá kï" .=rejrhd my; ld¾hkaj, ksr; lrjkak'
² nexl=j - ksIamdok lKavdhïj,g Kh uqo,a

,nd §u" Kh yd fmd,S whlr
.ekSu" ksIamdok wxYh úiska
ksl=;alrk ßisÜm;a i|yd uqo,a
f.ùu ms<sn| jd¾;d ;nd .ekSu'
² wuq øjH iemhSfï ia:dkh - tla tla lKavdhïj,g wuqøjH
úlsKSu
² ksñ øjH ñ,§ .ekSfï ia:dkh - tla tla lKavdhu úiska ksIamdokh
l< f;dmamsj, m%ñ;sh mÍlaId lr
ñ, § .ekSu yd ta ms<sn| jd¾;d ;nd
.ekSu'
f;dmams iE§fï lS%vdj i|yd fmdÿ Wmfoia
² lS%vdj i|yd tla lKavdhulg wjia:d 03 la ysñ fõ'

² iEu lKavdhulg u re' 200$- l Wmßuhlg Kh uqo,la ysñ jk w;r
;r. jg ;=k wjidkfha Kh uqo, yd fmd<sh nexl=jg f.úh hq;= h'
Kh uqo, i|yd fmd,sh uq¿ ld,h i|yd u 10] ls'
² wuqøjH tallhla re'40$- ne.ska ñ, § .; yels h'
² f;dmams wf,ú lsÍu - .=Kd;aul f;dmamshla Wmßu ñ, re'80$- ls'
.=Kd;aul nj wvq kï re' 60$- ne.ska wf,ú l< yels h'
² tla ;r. jghla i|yd úkdä 3 la muK fhdod .kak'
² wuq øjH iemhSï wxYhg mdúÉÑ lrk ,o fld< 25 la muK f.k
tajd iudk fldgia 4 lg lmd wuqøjH tall 100 la muK imhkak'
² tla tla lKavdhu úiska tla tla ;r. wjia:d ksfhdackh jk wdldrfhka
uqo,a jd¾;d ;nd .; hq;= h'
² nexl= lghq;= i|yd m%udKj;a uqo,a wdlD;s fyda re' 5"10"50 jYfhka
lvodis len,sj, ,shk ,o uqo,a nexl=jg imhkak'
² wuq øjH ksl=;a lsÍfï § yd ñ, È .ekSfï § tu wxYh úiska ßisÜ m;la
ksl=;a l< hq;= w;r Bg wod< f.ùï yd uqo,a ,nd .ekSu nexl=j u.ska isÿ
l< hq;= h'
² ;rÕ meje;aùug fmr wuq øjH imhd .ekSu i|yd úkdä 5 l muK
ld,hla o jHdmdßl lghq;= ie,iqï lsßu i|yd úkdä 2 la o" ksIamdok
lghq;= i|yd úkdä 2 la o" ksuejqu wf,ú lr .ekSug úkdä 2 la o ,nd
fokak'
13
² tla tla ksIamdok lKavdhï úiska uqo,a jd¾;dj ms<sfh, l< hq;= h'
² my; i|yka mßÈ f;dmamshla ksIamdokh lr .=Kd;aul nj mÍlaId lrk

wdldrh iuia; mka;shg m%o¾Ykh lr fmkajkak'
= ² A4 m%udKfha Pdhd msgm;a lvodishlska 1$4 l fldgila wuqøjH

tallhla f,i Ndú; lrkak'
² wuqøjH tallh f,i .;a lvodhsfha 1$3 l m%udKhla ,l=Kq lr

tu fldgi kjkak'
1$3
------------
² keuqï jdáh msgm;g isák fia lvodish rjqï lr fk.e,fjk

fia tlsfkl hd lrkak'
-------
² f;dmamsfha kejqï jdáh me;a; fïih u; m;s; jk mßÈ .id

fkd.e,fjk njg ;yjqre lr tys .=Kd;aul nj mÍlaId lrkak'
² wdo¾Ykfhka miq mka;sh l=vd lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
² lKavdhïj,g wuq øjH tall my ne.ska ,nd § f;dmamshla idod tajdfha

.=Kd;aul nj mÍlaId lsÍug fmryqrejla ,nd fokak'
ie,lsh hq;=hs' -
² fuu lS%vdfõ fh§u i|yd idudkHfhka tla lKavdhul idudðlhka
fofofkl=j;a isáh hq;= h'
² lS%vdfõ fhfok w;r;=r uqo,a ms<sn| jd¾;d ;nd .ekSu' f;d. jd¾;d ;nd
.ekSu'
² kshñ; mßÈ jd¾;d ;nd .ekSu i|yd isiqka Wkkaÿ lrjkak'
14
weuqKqu 5'3'2
ksIamdok lS%vdj ^f;dmams iE§fï ls%vdjg úl,amhla jYfhka &
mka;sh l=vd lKavdhï follg fyda jeä .Kklg fjka lrkak'

Tn m%foaYfha myiqfjka imhd .; yels øjH j¾. 04 la muK f;dard
.kak'
ksIamdok lS%vdj i|yd fmdÿfõ wjYH úh yels wu;r øjHh o imhd .kak'
^kso( we,ùï øjH" l;=re wdÈh& tu øjH wjYH lKavdhulg wjYH wjia:dfõ
§ ,nd .; yels mßÈ mfilska ;nkak'
imhd.;a øjH lÜg,hla ne.ska lKavdhulg ,nd fokak'
^øjH iudk mßÈ wjYH fkdfõ&
fhdað; øjH i|yd ksoiqka -

frÈ len,s" kQ,a len,s" ,Kq
fldyq n;a" iajNdúl fl¢ j¾.
fmd,a fld<" ;K fld< jeks fld< j¾.
msÿre" ,S l=vq " ueá ^laf,a&
lvodis " mqj;am;a
f.daks mvx.=" fmd,sielau¨" jeks bj;,k weiqreï øjH
fjf<|fmd<ska ,nd .; yels mnq¿" kQ,a ler,s" fíì ßnka"
láka áIq " jeks øjh'
tla tla lKavdhug iqÿiq øjHhla f;dard .ekSug bv i,iajd tu øjH Ndú; lrñka
lsishï ksIamdokhla ìys lrk f,ig Wmfoia fokak' fuu ls%hdldrlu lKavdhï
w;r ;r.ldÍj mj;ajkak' wjYHkï ch.%dyS lKavdhu f;dark nj oekqj;a lrkak'
ld¾h mjrd lKavdhï ls%hdldrlfï fhdojkak'
15
weuqKqu 5'3'3
lKavhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
m%%shka; ,S nvq ksIamdolfhda jHdmdrh ms<sn| isoaêh fyd¢ka wOHhkh

lrkak'
ksIamdokhg wod< my; i|yka úhoï flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

øjHj,g wod< úhoï'
Y%uhg wod< úhoï'
fjk;a úhoï ^øjH yd Y%uhg wod< fkdjk &
by; i|yka ud;Dldj,g wod< úhoï j¾. meyeÈ,s lr .ekSu i|yd

lKavdhï idlÉPdjl ksr;jkak'
Tfí ud;Dldj, g wod< j isoaêfha we;=<;a úhoï jákdlï iys; j
y÷kd.kak'
tu úhoï fjk fjk u olajñka uq¿ ksIamdok msßjeh .Kkh fldg
olajkak'
tla mqgqjl ksAIamdok úhou olajkak'
Tnf.a wkdjrK iqÿiq mßÈ iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iqodkï jkak'
weuqKqu 5'3'4
" msh
% ka; ,S nvq ksIm
a dolfhda "
jD;a;Sh mqyqKq wêldßfha jvq l¾udka;h ms<sn| mdGud,djla yeoErE ms%hka; tu oekqu
Ndú; lrñka ;udf.a u jHdmdrhla ms%hka; ,S nvq ksIamdolfhda kñka wdrïN lsÍug
woyia lrk ,§' ta wkqj lrk ,o fjf<|fmd< iólaIKhg wkqj ;u ksIamdokh yd
iïnkaO f;dr;=re lsysmhla fidhd .kakd ,§' tajd my; oelafõ'
wfmalaIs; ksIamdok NdKav - <ore mdi,a i|yd fviala iy mqgq

wf,ú mqfrdal:kh ûdisl& - mqgq 200
ksIamdokh l< hq;= mqgq .Kk - tall 200
wjYH øjH yd msßjeh ûdisl& -
oej - re' 15 000 ^wähla re'15$-ne.ska wä 1 000&
weK - re' 500 ^weK lsf,dajla re'250$-&
;Ska; - re' 1 500 ^;Ska; ,Sgrhla re'750$-&
jvq ld¾ñl jegqm - re' 22 000
w;a Woõlre jegqm - rE' 10 000
lïy,a nÿ l=,sh - re' 4 000
lïy,a úÿ,s ì, - rE' 1 000
kv;a;= yd w¨;ajeähd - rE' 2 000
lïy, msßisÿ lsÍfï úhou - re' 500
hka;% iq;%j, yd wfkl=;a
WmlrKj, laIh úhou - re' 1 000
wfkl=;a øjH - re' 2 500
tla jvq ld¾ñlfhl= iy Wojqlrejka fofofkla fiajh lr;s'
hka;% iy wfkl=;a WmlrKj, jákdlu re' 60 000'
16
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'4 ( fhdað; jHdmdrhl mßmd,k lghq;=j,g wod<

weia;fïka;=j ms<sfh, lrhs'
ld,ÉfÊo ( 06
bf.kqï M, ( fuu ksmqK;d uÜgu wod< mdvï wjika ùfuka miq isiqka
úiska
fhdað; jHdmdrhl mßmd,k lghq;=j,g wod< ie,eiafï we;=<;a ;k;=re

yd tu ;k;=rej,g wod< ld¾hhka i|yd ksoiqka olajhs'
fhdað; jHdmdrhl mßmd,k lgh;=j,g wod< úhoï .Kkh lrhs'
fhdað; jHdmdrhla i|yd mßmd,k úhoï weia;fïka;=jla ms<sfh, lrhs'

fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< úIh ks¾foaYfha we;s úIh wka;¾.;h o" ta yd iïnkaO
fm<fmdf;a we;s úIh lreKq ms<sn| j o ukd jegySula ,nd .kak' wk;=rej my;
i|yka Wmfoia flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
fuu ksmqK;d uÜgu hgf;a m%:u mdvug msúiSfï § Tnf.a mdi, ksoiqkla
f,i f.k tys we;s ;k;=re yd ta ta ;k;=rej,g wod< ld¾hhka isiqkaf.ka
úuiñka nqoaê l,ïNk wNHdihl ksr;jkak'
wk;=rej mdif,a ixúOdk igyk yd tys we;s ;k;=re .e,Sï igyklska

fmkajkak' ke;fyd;a mdif,a ld¾hd,hg f.dia ksÍlaIKh lsÍug bv ,nd fokak'
by; ls%hdldrlï weiqßka jHdmdrhl we;s ;k;=re yd ld¾hhka ms<sn| j o tu

;k;=re orK whg lrk f.ùï ms<sn| j o ld¾hd,hla mj;ajd f.k hdug wod<
fjk;a úhoï ms<sn|j o isiqka oekqj;a lrkak'
wk;=rej weuqKqu 5'4'1 ys we;=<;a lKavdhï .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ldj o weuqKqu

5'4'2 ys we;=<;a isoaêh o isiqkag ,nd § ld¾hfha ksr; lrjkak'
ls%hdldrlu wjidkfha § " iquqÿ mdjyka " jHdmdrhg wod< ;k;=re" ld¾hhka
ixúOdk igyk yd mßmd,k úohï weia;fïka;=j my; i|yka mßÈ bÈßm;a
lrkak'
whs;slre - iquqÿ iurkdhl' Tyq iuia; jHdmdrh ms<sn| ;SrK .kshs'

m%Odkshd - iuia; l<ukdlrK yd wëlaIK lghq;= isÿ lsÍu'
l<ukdlre - jHdmdrfha wruqKq ls%hd;aul lsÍu yd tajd bgq lr .ekSug fiajlhka

fufyhùu'
iqmÍlaIl - mdjyka ksIamdokh yd wf,úh iïnkaO fiajlhskaf.a jev lghq;=

wëlaIKh lsßu yd Wmfoia §u'
17
fiajlhska - ² hka;% ls%hdlrùu
² mdjyka ksIamdokfha úúO ld¾hkays kshe,Su
² mdjyka weiqreï lsßu"f,an,a lsßu'
² .kqfokq igyka lsßu" ,sms f,aLk mj;ajdf.k hdu
² úl=Kqï iydh'
iq¿ fiajlhska ² msßisÿ lsÍfï lghq;"= l<ukdlre yd iqmÍlaIl mjrk iydh

fiajd ,nd §u'
iquqÿ mdjyka jHdmdrfha ixúOdk igyk my; wdldrfhka oelaúh yels h'
whs;slre
m%Odkshd
l<ukdlre
iqmÍlaIl
ld¾hd, ksIamdok wf,ú

fiajlhska fiajlhska fiajlhska
iq¿
fiajlhska
mßmd,k úhoï weia;fïka;=j my; i|yka flf¾'
mßmd,k úhoï jákdlu

ûdisl& re'
,sms øjH 200
ld¾hd, úÿ,sh 500
ix.%y lghq;= 500
ld¾hd, yd iq¿ fiajl jegqma 25 000
ÿrl:k .dia;= 700
n,m;% w¨;a lsÍu 1 750
ld¾hd, WmlrK laIh 300
uq¿ mßmd,k úhoï 28 950
ie'hq' wf,ú yd ksIamdok fiajlhska i|yd jegqma ms<sfj,ska wf,ú yd ksIamdok

ie,iqïj,g we;=<;a jk nj o l<ukdlre yd iqmßlaIl jegqma jl% jegqma
hgf;a bÈßm;a flfrk nj o i,lkak'
18
uq,sl joka $ ixl,am
;k;=re yd ld¾hhka'
fiajl jegqma yd fõ;k'
mßmd,k úhoï'
.=Kd;aul fojqï (
11 - fm< fmd;
weuqKqu 5'4'1 g wod< lKavdhï .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ld
weuqKqu 5'4'2 g wod< " iquqÿ mdjyka " ys msgm;a
;lafiarelrK yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (

wdh;khl $jHdmdrhl ;k;=re i|yd ksoiqka o tu ;k;=rej,g wod<
ld¾hhka o olajhs'
fok ,o f;dr;=re weiqßka mßmd,k lghq;=j,g wod< úhoï we;=<;a
weia;fïka;=jla ms<sfh, lrhs'
mßmd,k úhoï weia;fïka;= lsÍug wjYH jk whs;u bÈßm;a lrhs'
19
weuqKqu 5'4'1
lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
² Tng imhd we;s iquÿq mdjyka jHdmdrh yd iïnkaO isoê
a h fyd¢ka wOHhkh
lrkak'
² my; i|yka jHdmdr lafIa;% w;=ßka Tfí lKavdhug ,eî we;s lafIa;%h
` flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
² NdKav ksIamdok jHdmdr'

² fiajd imhk jHdmdr'
² Tfí ud;Dldj hgf;a wdrïN lsßug iqÿiq jHdmdrhla ;SrKh lrkak'
² lKavdhï idlÉPdjlska miq Tfí jHdmdrh yd iïnkaO my; i|yka

f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrkak'
² Tnf.a jHdmdrfha ku'
² jHdmdrfha lghq;=j,g wod< j Tn y÷kd.;a ;k;=re kdu'
² ta ta ;k;=rej,g wod< j bgq lsÍug we;s ld¾hhkays iajNdjh'
² tu ;k;=rej,g wjYH fj;ehs Tn is;k wOHdmk yd fjk;a
iqÿiqlï'
² Tn y÷kd.;aa ;k;=re oelafjk ixúOdk igyk'
² Tnf.a jHdmrfha mßmd,k lghq;= yd iïnkaO j mßmd,k úhoï
' ² Tfí wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iqodkï jkak'
weuqKqu 5'4'2
iquqÿ mdjyka
mdjyka ksIamdok wdh;khl fiajh l< iquqÿ iurkdhl" ;udf.a u mdjyka ksIamdok
jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug ;SrKh l< w;r" th "iquqÿ mdjyka " kñka ,shdmÈxÑ lr
mj;ajd f.k hdug wfmalaId lrhs' fhdað; mdjyka ksIamdok wdh;kfha fhdað; ;k;=re
lsysmhla yd ld¾hhka o ta yd iïnkaO jq úhoï lsysmhla o my; mßÈ ie,iqï lr we;'
;k;=re ld¾hhka $j.lSï
1' whs;slre$m%Odkshd ² wruqKq iïnkaOj ;SrK .ekSu
2' l<ukdlrejka ² wruqKq ls%hd;aul lsÍu y tajd bgqlr .ekSug
ls%hdud¾. .ekSu
3' iqmÍlaIl ² mdjyka ksIamdokh yd wf,úh iïnkaO
fiajlhskaf.a jev wëlaIKh lsÍu
4' fiajlhka ² mdjyka ksmoùug wod< ld¾hj, ksr; ùu"
mdjyka weiqreïlsÍu" f,an,a lsÍu'
² .Kqfokq jd¾;d lsÍu" ,sms f,aLk mj;ajdf.k hdu'
!!!!² mdjyka wf,ú lsÍu i|yd iydh ùu'
5' iq¿ fiajlhska ² l<ukdlre mjrk ld¾hhka bgq lsÍu yd fiiq
fiajlhkag iydh fiajd iemhSu'
udihla i|yd fhdað; mßmd,k úhoï f,i ,sms øjH i|yd re' 200 la" ld¾hd, úÿ,sh
i|yd re' 500 la' ,smslre jegqma re' 25 000 la" ix.%y lghq;=j,g re' 500 la " ÿrl:k .dia;=
i|yd re' 700 la" n,m;% w¨;a lsÍug re' 1 750 la" ld¾hd, WmlrK laIh re' 300 la "
fj;ehs wfmalaIs; hs'
20
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'5 ( uq,H ie,iqfï fufyhqï fmr úhoï weia;fïka;=j ms<sfh,
lrhs'
ld,ÉfÊo ( 03
úiska
² fhdað; jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug fmr" l< hq;= ld¾hhka i\yd ksoiqka
olajhs'
² fhdað; jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug fmr" l< hq;= ld¾hhka i|yd wfmalaIs;
úhoï olajhs'
² fok ,o jHdmdrhl fufyhqï fmr úhoï weia;fïka;=jla ms<sfh, lrhs'

fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< j úIh ks¾foaYfha we;s úIh wka;¾.;h o ta yd iïnkaO j
fm<fmdf;ys wvx.= úIh lreKqq ms<sn| j o ukd jegySula ,nd.kak' wk;=rej my;
² jHdmdr ie,eiaul ixhq;sfhys ;j;a tla fldgila jkafka uq,H

weia;fïka;=jhs' tu.ska wfmalaIs; jHdmdrh i|yd uq,H wjYH;dj o" tu
uq,H wjYH;d imqrd .kakd wdldrh o" jHdmdr lghq;=j, wfmalaIs;
fufyhqï m%;sM,h o fmkakqï flf¾' uq,H weia;fïka;=fjys fufyhqï
fmr wdfhdackh" ldrl m%d.aOkh" uq¿ wdfhdackh" uqo,a m%jdyh yd wdodhï
m%ldYkh hk weia;fïka;= we;=<;a fõ' ^fuu weia;fïka;= ms<sfh, lsßu
bÈßfha § tla tla ksmqK;d uÜgu hgf;a isÿ flfrk nj i,lkak'&
² fuu ksmqK;d uÜgu hgf;a m%:u mdvug msúiSfï § my; i|yka m%Yakh
mka;shg bÈßm;a lr nqoaê l,ïNkhl isiqka ksr; lrjkak'
" ksjila iE§ug fmr" l< hq;= úhoï yd ld¾hhka fudkjdo @ "
² isiq m%;spdr yqKq mqjrefõ ,shd olajkak'
² wk;=rej jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug fmr l< hq;= ld¾hhka yd úhoï o

úuid wjYH ksoiqka foñka meyeÈ,s lrkak'
² jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍfï § l< hq;= ld¾hhka yd úhoï" wdrïN lsÍug

wfmalaId lrk jHdmdrfha m%udKh yd iajNdjh u; fjkiajk nj wjfndaO
lr fokak' ta i|yd ksoiqka bÈßm;a lrkak'
² wk;=rej weuqKqu 5'5'1 ys we;=<;a lKavdhï .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ldj o weuqKqu

5'5'2 ys we;=<;a isoaêh o msgm;a f.k lKavdhïj,g ,nd § ld¾hfha kshq;=
lrjkak'
² § we;s isoaêh fyd¢ka wOHhkh lr fufyhqïj,g fmr ld¾hhka yd Bg wod<

úhoï y÷kd .ekSug isiqkag Wmfoia fokak'
21
j¾.fha m%Yak Ndú; lrñka WÑ; we.ehSï isiqkag ,nd fokak'
ksoiqka -
² fufyhqï fmr úhoï ksoiqka weiqßka meyeÈ,s lrkak'
² Tn wkd.;fha § wdrïN lsÍug wfmalaId lrk jHdmdrhla Wml,amkh
lrkak'
w' tu jHdmdrh kï lrkak'
wd' tu jHdmdrh wdrïN lsÍug fmr wod<jk ld¾hhka o ta i\yd
oeÍug isÿjk úhoï o ,ehsia;=jla ms<sfh, lrkak'
uq,sl joka $ixl,am (

² uq,H weia;fïka;=j
² fufyhqï fmr úhoï
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
² 11 fYa%Ksh fm<fmd;
² weuqKqu 5'5'1 lKavdhï .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ld'
² weuqKqu 5'5'2 ys we;=<;a isoaêfha msgm;a

² fok ,o jHdmdrhl f;dr;=re weiqßka jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug fmr l<
hq;= ld¾hhka kï lrhs'
² jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug fmr l< hq;= ld¾hhka y÷kd .ekSfï jeo.;alu
fmkajd fohs'
² fok ,o f;dr;=re mokï lrf.k jHdmdrhl fufyhqï fmr úhoï
22
weuqKqu 5'5'1
² " rEnka " jHdmdrhg wod< isoaêh fyd¢ka wOHhkh lr" tu jHdmdrhg wjYH
flfrk fufyhqï fmr úhoï ^wdrïN lsÍug fmr oeÍug isÿjk úhoï& y÷kd
.ekSu i|yd lKavdhï idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
² my; i|yka ud;Dld w;=ßka Tfí lKavdhug ,efnk ud;Dldj flfrys wjOdkh
fhduq lrkak'
² NdKav ksIamdok jHdmdr
² fiajd imhk jHdmdr
² Tng ,efnk ud;Dldjg wod< j wdrïN lsÍug iqÿiq jHdmdrhla ;SrKh lrkak'
² tu jHdmdrh kï lr y÷kajkak'
² tu jHdmdrh wdrïN lsÍug fmr l< hq;= ld¾hhka ,shd olajkak'
² tu ld¾hhka i|yd oeÍug isÿjk úhoï y÷kd.kak'
² tu úhoï ,ehsia;=jla ms<sfh, lrkak'
² jHdmdrh wdrïN lsßug wjYH flfrk uq¿ fufyhqï fmr úhoï .Kkh lrkak'
² Tfí wkdjrK ks¾udKd;aul j iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iqodkï jkak'
weuqKqu 5'5'2
rEnka fmg%,a yd ãi,a bxðkshßka
úÿ,s ld¾ñl Ys,amS mdGud,djla yodrd id¾:l j ksu l< rEnka ;udf.a u jHdmdrhla
wdrïN lsÍug ;SrKh lr we;' iajlSh we,au" yelshd yd jHdmdr m%jK;d .ek ie,ls,su;a
jq Tyq fudag¾r: úÿ,s ld¾ñl fiajd yd ish¨ u w¨;ajeähd lghq;= lasÍu Tyqf.a jHdmdr
wruqKhs' fï i|yd wjYH flfrk hka;% yd WmlrK ms<sn| Tyq oekgu;a f;dr;=re
/ialr f.k we;s w;r re' 500 000$- jákd bvula yd f.dvke.s,a,la Tyq i;=j mj;S'
jHdmdrh wdrïN lsÍug ish,a, iqodkï lr we;' Tyq jHdmdrh wdrïN lsßug fmr l<
hq;= ld¾hhka yd ta i|yd oeÍug isÿjk úhoï ms<sn| j o fidhd ne¨fõ h' tu f;dr;=re
my; i|yka mßÈ fõ'
² fjf<|fm< iólaIKh - re' 10 000

² jHdmdrh ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu re' 1 000
² mßir n,m;%hla ,nd.ekSu re' 1 500
² jHdmdr ie,eiau ms<sfh, lsÍu re' 12 000
² úÿ,s n, iemhqu ,nd.ekSu re' 15 000
² c, iemhqu ,nd.ekSu re' 10 000
² hka;% iq;% wfkl=;a øjH fidhd ne,Su re' 2 000
² bvu Y=oaO mú;% lr ia:dkh ilia lr .ekSu re' 20 000
² jHdmdrh újD; lsÍfï W;aij úhoï re' 8 000
23
24
² jHdmdr ie,eiau ms<sfh, lsÍfï tla wruqKla jkafka nexl=fjka Khla ,nd.ekSu
jk fyhska uq¿ wdfhdack weia;fïka;=fõ whs;slre odhl jk uqo,;a nexl=fjka
wfmalaId lrk uqo,;a fmkakqï l< hq;= fõ'
² jHdmdr ie,eiaula ilia lrk úg ia:djr j;alï f,i .Kka .efkkafka wf,ú"
ksIamdok yd mßmd,k lgh;=j,g iïnkaO weia;fïka;=j, we;=<;a ia:djr j;alï
nj meyeÈ,s lr fokak'
² jHdmdr ie,eiaula i|yd uq¿ wdfhdack weia;fïka;=jla ilia lsÍfï yelshdj

,nd §ug weuqKqu 5'6'1 ys we;=<;a lKavdhï .fõIK Wmfoia o weuqKqu 5'6'2 ys
we;=<;a isoaêh o Ndú; fldg isiqka ld¾hfha ksr; lrjkak'
² " Ñrd;a lñhqksflaIka " jHdmdrhg wkqj uq¿ wdfhdack weia;fïka;=j my;
i|yka mßÈ bÈßm;a lr wk;=rej isiqka ld¾hfhys ksr; lrjkak'
uq¿ wdfhdack weia;fïka;=j
=whs;slre i;=
whs fhdað;
j;alï whs;slre uq¿
whs;uh oekg we;s Kh u.ska wdfhdack
fhdojk
re' re' re' re'
ia:djr j;alï
bvu 200 000 -- -- 200 000
f.dvke.s,s 100 000 -- -- 100 000
hka;% WmlrK -- 100 "000 50 000 150 000
,S nvq -- 25 000 -- 25 000
fjk;a WmlrK -- 50 000 -- 50 000
uq" ia:djr j;alï 300 000 175 000 50 000 525 000
fufyhqï fmr wdfhdack
fjf<|fmd< iólaIKh -- 15"000 -- 15 000
jHdmdr ,shdmÈxÑh -- 1 500 -- 1 500
jHdmdr ie,iqï ieliSu -- 10"000 -- 10 000
jHdmdrh újD; lsÍfï úhou -- 8 500 -- 8 500
fufyhqï fmr wdfhdack -- 35 000 -- 35 000
ldrl m%d.aOkh
ffoksl lghq;= i|yd
weia;fïka;=.; uqo,a -- 48 000 -- 48 000
uq¿ wdfhdack 300 000 258 000 50 000 608 000
25
fuu ksmqK;d uÜgu i|yd bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sfha § jdia;úl yd jHqy.; rpkd
j¾.fha m%Yak Ndú; lr WÑ; we.ehSï isiqkag ,nd fokak'
ksoiqka -
² jHdmdrhla ksYaÑ; j kï lr" tu jHdmdrh wdrïN lsßug wjYH fõ hehs
woyia lrk ia:djr j;alï ,ehsia;=jla ms<sfh, lrkak'
² uq¿ wdfhdack weia;fïka;=jl we;=<;a flfrk tÈfkod úhoïj,g wod<

whs;u my; i|yka ,ehsia;=fjka f;darkak'
1' ,S nvq ñ, § .ekSu re' 100 000

2' úÿ,s ì, f.ùï re' 6 000
3' úsoHq;a ;rdÈh re' 150 000
4' w;amsg úl=Kqï re' 25 000
5' Kh fmd,S re' 12 000
uq,sl joka $ixl,am (

uq¿ wdfhdack
ffoksl lghq;= i|yd w; ;nd .; hq;= uqo,a ^ldrl m%d.aOkh&
.=Kd;aul fhojqï (
11 fY%aKsfha fm< fmd;
weuqKqu 5'6'1 lKavdhï .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ld msgm;a
weuqKqu 5'6'2 isoaêfha msgm;la'

jHdmdrhl ia:djr j;alï i|yd ksoiqka imhhs'
fok ,o jHdmdrhl f;dr;=re weiqßka uq¿ wdfhdack weia;fïka;=jla
ms<sfh, lrhs'
jHdmdrhl tÈfkod lghq;= mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd wjYH flfrk úhoï
i|yd ksoiqka imhhs'
26
weuqKqu 5'6'1
lKavdhï .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ldj
" uq¿ wdfhdack weia;fïka;=j ilia lruq "
² " Ñrd;a lñhqkf

s laIka " jHdmdrhg wod< isoê
a h fyd¢ka wOHhkh lr tu jHdmdrhg
wjYH flfrk ia:djr j;alï yd fufyhqï fmr úhoï y÷kd .kak'
² my; i|yka ud;Dld weiqßka Tfí lKavdhug ,efnk ud;Dldj flfrys
wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
² ksIamdok jHdmdr
² fiajd imhk jHdmdr
² bkamiq Tng ,efnk ud;Dldjg wod< j wdrïN lsßug iqÿiq jHdmdrhla ;SrKh
lrkak'tu jHdmdrh kïlr y÷kajkak'
² tu jHdmdrh wdrïN lsÍug wjYH flfrk ia:djr j;alï yd jHdmdrh wdrïN
lsÍug fmr oeÍug isÿjk úhoï y÷kd .kak'
² tu ia:djr j;alï yd wdrïN lsÍug fmr oeßh hq;= úhoï o tÈfkod lghq;=
mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd w; ;nd .; hq;= uqo,la o ^ldrl m%d.aOkh & ;SrKh
lrkak'
² jHdmdrh wdrïN lsßug wjYH flfrk ia:djr j;alï" fufyhqï fmr úhoï"
ldrl m%d.aOkh jákdlï olajñka f,aLkhla ms<sfh, lrkak'
² Tnf.a jHdmdrhg wjYH fhdað; ia:djr m%d.aOk whs;u i|yd Tn odhl jk
uqo,;a" nexl=fjka wfmalaId lrk Kh uqo,;a olajñka uq¿ wdfhdack
weia;fïka;=jla ms<sfh, lrkak' ta i|yd my; i|yka wdlD;sh m%fhdackhg
.kak'
whs;slre fhdojk wfmalaIs; Kh uq¿ wdfhdack

re' re' re'
ia:djr j;alï
''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''
fufyhqï fmr úhoï

'''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''
ldrl m%d.aOkh
'''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''
27
28
ksmqK;dj 5 ( jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsßu i|yd ie,iqï ilia lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'7 ( wfmalIa ;

s uqo,a .,d taï yd uqo,a .,d hdï we;=<;a f,aLkhla
ms<sfh, lrhs'
l,Éfþo ( 03

isiqka úiska
² fhdað; jHdmdrhl uqo,a .,d taï i|yd ksoiqka olajhs'

² fhdað; jHdmdrhl uqo,a .,d hdï i|yd ksoiqka olajhs'
² fok ,o jHdmdrhl uqo,a .,d taï yd .,dhdï we;=<;a f,aLkhla ms<sfh,
lrhs'
fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< j úIh ks¾foaYfha we;s úIh wka;¾.;h o ta yd iïnkaO j
fm< fmdf;ys wvx.= úIh lreKqq o ms<sn| j ukd jegySula ,nd.kak' wk;=rej my;
² fuu ksmK q ;d uÜgu hgf;a m%:u mdvug msúiSu i|yd isik

q g
a yqre mqreÿ jHdmdrhla
ksoiqka jYfhka f.k ^wdmk Yd,djla" fmd;a yd ,sms øjH wf,ú y,la & tu
jHdmdrhg uqo,a .,d tk ud¾. yd jHdmdrfhka msg;g uqo,a .,d hk ud¾.
isiqkaf.ka úuiñka nqoaê l,ïNkhl ksr; lrjkak'
² my; i|yka " mskaia ie¨ka " jHdmdr isoaêh bÈßm;a lr tu jHdmdrhg uqo,a
.,d tau iy .,d hdu fmkakqï lrk f,aLkhla ms<sfh, lrkak'
² ie¨khla wdrïN lsßug wfmalaId lrk mskaisß th " mskaia ie¨ka " kñka
,shdmÈxÑ lsßug woyia lrhs' fldKavd lemSu i|yd 15 fofkl== o" /jq, lemSu
i|yd 10 fofkl= o" Èklg meñfKa hehs wfmalI a d lrhs' tla wfhl=f.a fldkavh
lemSu i|yd re' 125$- la o" /jq, lemSu i|yd re' 75$- la o wh lsßug woyia lrhs'
uilg úÿ,s .dia;=j re'1 800$-la o" c, .dia;=j re' 6 000$- la o lv l=,sh i|yd
re' 6 000$- la o jYfhka úhoï lsßug isÿjk nj o .Kka n,d we;' ;jo fjk;a
úhoï i|yd Èklg re' 100$- la muK jeh fj;ehs o wfmalaId lrhs' udihlg
Èk 5 la jHdmdrh jid ksjdvq ,nd .ekSug o Tyq woyia lrhs'
² wk;=rej weuqKqu 5'7'1 ys we;=<;a lKavdhï .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ldj yd

weuqKqu 5'7'2 ys we;=<;a " ;rx.d pdßld fiajh " isoaêfha wjYH msgm;a isiq
lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak'
² " ;rx.d pdßld fiajh " isoaêh wOHhkh lsÍug i,iajd isiqka ld¾hfha ksr;
lrjkak'
² " ;rx.d pdßld fiajh " jHdmdrfha uqo,a .,d taï yd uqo,a .,d hdï weia;fïka;j
=
my; wdldrhg bÈßm;a l< yels h' 29
29
wfmalaIs; bÈß j¾Ih i|yd weia;fïka;=.; uqo,a m%jdy ie,eiau
whs;uh re' re'

uqo,a .,d taï
whs;slref.a fhojqï 800 000
fiajd úlsKSfuka$wf,úfhka 550 000
nexl= Kh .ekSï 500 000
uq" uqo,a .,d taï 1 850 000
uqo,a .,d hdï

,sms øjH úhoï i|yd f.ùï 10 000
jdyk ñ,§ .ekSï 1 000 000
jdyk fiajd úhoï 50 000
jdyk kv;a;= úhoï 40 000
fiajl jegqma f.ùï 120 000
Kh fmd<S f.ùï 50 000
fjk;a úhoï f.ùï 25 000
fjf<|fmd, iólaIK úhou 12 000 ^1307000&
uq" uqo,a .,d hdï
Y=oaO uqo,a fjki 54 3000
² wfmalaIs; Khg úl=Kqï" laIh ùï" miqj f.ùug .súi .;a oE uqo,a .,d taï yd
uqo,a .,d hdï f,i fkdi,lk nj ;yjqre lrkak'
² fuu ksmqK;d uÜgu i|yd bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sfha§ jdia;úl fyda
jHqy.; rpkd j¾.fha m%Yk a Ndú; lrñka WÑ; we.ehSï isik
q g
a ,nd fokak'
ksoiqka -
² " keKi " fmd;a yf,a 2015 j¾Ih i|yd wfmalaIs; f;dr;=re fufia h'
² fmd;a ñ,g .eKqï re' 40 000
² fmd;a Khg .eKqï re' 25 000
² m%jdyk l=,S f.ùï re' 4 000
² fiajl jegqma f.ùï re' 6 000
² úÿ,s ì, i|yd f.ùï re' 1 200
² ,S rdlal ñ,§ .ekSug re' 10 000
² fmd;a yd ,sms øjH wf,úfhka re' 125 000
² wfmalaIs; uqo,a .,d taï yd .,d hdï weia;fïka;=jla ms<sfh, lrkak'
uq,sl joka $ ixl,am

² uqo,a .,d taï
² uqo,a .,d hdï
.=Kd;aul fhojqï
² 11 fY%aKsh fm< fmd;
² 5'7'1 g wod< lKavdhï .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ld
² weuqKqu 5'7'2 g wod< " ;rx.d pdßld fiajh" isoaêfha msgm;a'
30
30
;lafiarej yd we.ehSu
² uqo,a .,d taï yd uqo,a .,d hdï f,aLkhl we;=<;a whs;u kï lrhs'
² fok ,o jHdmdrhl f;dr;=re weiqßka uqo,a .,d taï yd uqo,a .,d hdï
² uqo,a .,d taï yd .,d hdï ie<ls,a,g f.k Y=oaO uqo,a fjki .Kkh lr
olajhs'
weuqKqu 5'7'1
" hk tk uqo,a "
Tng ,eî ;sfnk " ;rx.d pdßld fiajd " jHdmdrhg wod< lshúï øjH
fyd¢ka wOHhkh lrkak'
my; i|yka ud;Dld flfrys Tfí lKavdhu wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

jHdmdrh ;=<g uqo,a .,d taï
jHdmdrfhka msg;g uqo,a .,d hdï
Tfí ud;Dldj,g wod< whs;u " ;rx.d pdßld fiajd " isoaêfhka u;=lr
olajkak'
uq¿ uqo,a .,d taï $ uq¿ uqo,a .,d hdï .Kkh lrkak'
iqÿiq wdlD;shla u.ska Tfí wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug
iqodkï jkak'
weuqKqu 5'7'2
" ;rx.d pdßld fiajd "
" ;rx.d pdßld fiajd " wdrïN lsÍug l=udr Èidkdhl úiska woyia lr we;' fudyq
fjk;a jHdmdr lghq;a;l kshef,k w;r" wdrïNl bÈß mshjrla f,i m%jdyk
fiajh mj;ajdf.k hdug woyia lrhs' ta i|yd wfmalaIs; f;dr;=re (
whs;slre re' 800 000$- l m%d.aOkhla fhdod jHdmdrh wdrïN lrk w;r" th m%udKj;a
fkdjk ksid wu;r jYfhka re' 500 000 $- l 10] fmd,shg nexl= Kh uqo,la o ,nd
.ekSug ie,iqï lr we;' re' 550 000$- la j¾Ih ;=< uqo,ska fiajd iemhSfuka o"
re'150 000 l Khg fiajd iemhSfuka o wdodhula wfmalaId lrhs' re' 2 000 000$- l
jdykhla ñ,§ f.k thska re' 1 000 000$- la f.jd b;sßh miqj f.ùug ie,iqï lr
we;' ld¾hd, ,sms øjH úhoï re' 12 500$- la jk w;r" thska re' 10 000$- la f.jd b;sßh
miqj f.ùug ie,iqï lrhs' jdyk kv;a;=j i|yd re' 40 000$- la o " jdyk fiajd
lsÍfï úhou re' 50 000$- la o oeÍug;a" fiajl jegqma i|yd re' 120 000$- la" nexl=
fmd,sh 50 000$- la yd jdykh 20] lska jd¾Isl j laIh lsÍug o woyia lrhs' fjk;a
úhoï i|yd re' 25 000 la o" fjf<|fmd< iólaIKhg re' 12 000$- la jeh fj;ehs woyia
lrhs'
31
31
ld,hla i|yd jHdmdrfha uq¿ úl=Kï
q wdodhu" uq¿ msßjeh ie<ls,,
a g .; hq;= nj
32
r;ak jHdmdrh
weia;fïka;=.; wdodhï m%ldYkh
re' re'
úl=Kqï wdodhu 150 000
wvq l<d uq¿ ksIamdok msßjeh
wuq øjH msßjeh 75 000

Y%u msßjeh 20 000
fjk;a msßjeh 15 000 ^110 000&
40 000
wvq l<d uq¿ ksIamdok fkdjk msßjeh
úlsKSfï yd fnodyeÍfï msßjeh 3 000

mßmd,k úhoï 2 000
uq,H úhoï ^Kh fmd,sh& 5 000
fufyhqï fmr úhoï lmd yeÍu 3 000 ^13 000&
Y+oaO ,dNh 27 000
² by; lsh% dldrlfuka miq " weuqKu q 5'8'4 ys oelafjk " m%K;
S a jHdmdrh" hk isoê
a h
isiqkag imhd" weuqKqu 5'8'3 ys i|yka .fõIKfha fhdojkak'
² fuu ksmqK;d uÜgu i|yd bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sfha § jdia;úl yd jHqy.;
rpkd j¾.fha m%Yak Ndú; lrñka WÑ; we.hSï isiqkag ,nd fokak'
kso -" iquqÿ ikaksfõok wdh;kfha " bÈß ld,Éfþoh i|yd f;dr;=re fufia h'
re'
fiajd iemhSfuka wfmalaIs; wdodhu 60 000
,sms øjH msßjeh 20 000
fiajl jegqma 15 000
úÿ,s ì, 2 000
Kh fmd<S 10 000
m%pdrK úhoï 500
fufyhqï fmr úhoï lmdyeÍu 500
" iquqÿ jHdmdrfha " f;dr;=re weiqßka Y=oaO ,dNh weia;fïka;= lr bÈßm;a lrkak'
uq,sl joka $ixl,am

² jHdmdr m%;sM,h
² wdodhï
² úohï
² wfmalaIs; ,dNh
.=Kd;aul fhojqï
² 11 fY%aKsfha fm< fmd;
² weuqKqu 5'8'1 ys we;=<;a Ôjka;f.a " ;eô,s jHdmdrh " isoaêfha msgm;a
² weuqKqu 5'8'2 ys we;=<;a " r;ak jHdmdrh " isoaêfha wjYH msgm;a
² weuqKqu 5'8'3 ys we;=<;a lKavdhï .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ldfõ msgm;a
² weuqKqu 5'8'4 ys we;=<;a " m%KS;a jHdmdrh " isoaêfha msgm;a
33
jHdmdrhl m%;sM, weia;fïka;= lsßu i|yd fhdod .kakd fufyhqï f;dr;=re
bÈßm;a lrhs'
fok ,o f;dr;=re ie,ls,a,g f.k jHdmdr ie,eiaula i|yd weia;fïka;=.;
wdodhï m%ldYhla ms<sfh, lrhs'
jHdmdrhl uq¿ wdodhu fyda úhou wvqjeä ùug fya;= bÈßm;a lrhs'
weuqKqu 5'8'1
" Ôjka;f.a ;eô,s jHdmdrh "
f,dalfha we;s úYajdijka;u yd .=Kd;aul mdkhls ;eô,s j;=r' j;auka fjf<|fmdf<a

;eô,s i|yd fyd| b,a¨ï ;;a;ajhla mj;sk nj wjndaO lr .;a Ôjka; ;u ksji
wdikakfha msysá ;eô,s j;=j,ska j¨ lsysmla ñ, § f.k i;sfmd< fj; f.dia wf,ú
lrkafka h' fjf<|du isÿ l< tla Èklg wod< f;dr;=re my; § we;'
;eô,s f.ähl .eKqï ñ, - re' 10$-

ñ, § .;a f.ä .Kk - f.ä 500$-
;eô,s f.ähl úl=Kqï ñ, - re' 20$-
m%jdyk úhoï - re' 700$-
fmd< .dia;= ^nÿ & - re' 200$-
ia:dkh msßisÿ lsÍfï lïlre .dia;= - re' 100$-
weuqKqu 5'8'2
" r;ak jHdmdrh "
ms;a;, irfkare iy fodr w.=,a ksIamdok jHdmdrhla mj;ajd f.k hk r;ak" tu jHdmdrh
jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd jHdmdr ie,eiaula ms<sfh, lsÍug tys whs;slre jk r;akùr
uy;d ;SrKh lrk ,§' ta i|yd jHdjidhl;aj úIh iïnkaO WmfoaYljrfhla yuqùug
.sh w;r" Tyqf.ka ,o Wmfoia u; ;udf.a jHdmdrfha Y=oaO ,dNh weia;fïka;= lsÍug
wjYH úh' ta i|yd my; i|yka f;dr;=re fidhd .kakd ,§'
whs;uh jákdlu re'

úl=Kqï wdodhu 150 000
wuqøjH msßjeh
ms;a;, 70 000
ridhk øjH 2 000
fjk;a 3 000 75 000
Y%u msßjeh
mqqyqKq fiajl jegqma 12 000
kqmqyqKq fiajl jegqma 8 000
jl% fjk;a msßjeh 15 000
úl=Kqï yd fnodyeßï úhoï 3 000
mßmd,k úhoï 2 000
uq,H úhoï ^Kh fmd,sh & 5 000
fufyhqï fmr úhoï 3 000
weKjqï ,nd f.k ksIamdokh lrk fyhska f;d. b;sß ùula isÿ fkdfõ'
34
weuqKqu 5'8'3
" wdodhï úhoï .<muq' ,dN fidhuq' "
² weuqKqu 5'8'4 g we;=<;a " m%KS;a jHdmdrfha " isoaêh wOHhkh lrkak'
² tu jHdmdrh u.ska wf,ú lsßug wfmalaId lrk ksIamdÈ; kï lrkak'
² tu jHdmdrh .ek ie,ls,su;a ù" tu ksIamdÈ;j,g wod< my; i|yka f;dr;=re

wkdjrKh lrkak'
² udihla ;=< wf,ú lsÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk ksIamdÈ; m%udKh'

² tu m%udKh ksIamdokh lsßu i|yd iDcqj u fhdojk"
² øjH i|yd úhou
² Y%uh i|yd úhou
² tu m%udKhka ksIamdokh lsßu i|yd iDcqj u odhl fkdjk
Y%uh yd fjk;a úhoï j¾.'
² úlsKSfï yd nodyeÍfï úhoï
² mßmd,k úhoï
² uq,H úhoï
² NdKaav wf,ú lsÍfuka udihla i|yd ,efnk uq¿ úl=Kqï wdodhu '
² úl=Kqï wdodhu yd ish¨ úhoï ie,ls,a,g f.k udih i|yd ,dNh .Kkh
fldg olajkak'
² Tfí wkdjrK ks¾udKd;aul j iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iqodkï jkak'
35
weuqKqu 5'8'4
" m%K;
S a jHdmdrh
jHdmdrh"
msisk ,o wdydr ksfjiaj,g /f.k hdfï m%jK;dj .ek ie,ls,su;a jq " úkS;d " ta yd
iïnkaO jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsßug woyia l<d h' weh f.a ñ;a;Ksh o b¢wdmam wf,ú
lsÍfï jHdmdrhla lrf.k .sh ksid tu w;aoelSï o weh i;= úh' fjf<|fmd< ms<sn|
fidhd ne¨ weh yg my; i|yka f;dr;=re fidhd .ekSug yels úh'
b¢ wdmam wdmam ì;a;r
wdmam
Èklg wf<ú l, yels m%udKh 3 000 re' 500 re' 50
}
tll úl=Kqï ñ, re' 2'50 10 30
10 kg
Èklg wjYH msá m%udKh kg 50
Èklg wjYH øjH tallhl ñ,

yd,a msá 1kg ñ, re' 75$-
ì;a;rhl ñ, re' 12$-
fmd,a f.ä 1 ñ, re' 50$- ^fmd,a f.ä 10 la wjYHhhs&
wfkl=;a úhoï -
Èkm;d fiajlhska tla wfhl=g re' 1000 ne.ska fofofkl=g f.ùug isÿ fõ'
bkaOk úhou re' 5 00 ^Èklg&
fjk;a úhoï re' 600 ^Èklg&
f.dvke.s,s l=,sh re' 1 5000 ûdislj&
c, .dia;=j re' 1200 ûilg&
úÿ,s ì, re' 1 800 ûilg&
wfmalaIs; nexl= Kh i|yd nexl= Kh fmd<sh re' 1 200 ûilg& '
jHdmdrfha uqÈ%; nekrhg re' 1 500
WmlrK jákdlu re' 20 000 ^jd¾Islj 20] ne.ska laIh lsÍï &
jHdmdrh i|yd whs;slrejkaf.a odhl;ajh fjkqfjka Èklg
re' 2 000 la fjka flf¾'
36
36
37
² by; .e,Sï igyfka tla tla wxY hgf;a ls%hd;aul jkakd jq jHdmdrj,g ksoiqka
bÈßm;a lrkak'
² fm!oa.,sl wxYfha jHdmdr ixúOdk ms<sn| j bÈßfha § jeä ÿrg;a idlÉPd lrk
neúka fuys § ir, ye¢kaùula muKla wfmalaId lrkq ,efí'
² fmdÿ wxYfha jHdmdr ms<sn| j fuu uÜgfï § wOHhkh fkdlrk nj ie,ls,su;a

jkak'
² fuu ksmqK;d uÜgu hgf;a bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sfha § jdia;úl yd

jHqy.; rpkd j¾.fha m%Yak Ndú; lrñka WÑ; we.hSï ks¾udKh lrkak'
ksoiqka -
² jHdmdr ixúOdk wruqKq wkqj yd whs;sh wkqj j¾. lr olajkak'
² ,dN wruqKq lr.;a ixúOdk iy iudc iqNidOkh wruqKq lr.;a ixúOdk
i|yd ksoiqka 3 ne.ska bÈßm;a lrkak'
uq,sl joka $ixl,am

² jHdmdr ixúOdk
² ,dN wruqKq lr.;a jHdmdr
² iudc iqN idOkh wruqKq lr.;a ixúOdk
² jr,;a jHdmdr
² flaj, iajdñ jHdmdr
² yjq,a jHdmdr
² ixia:dms; iud.ï
.=Kd;aul fhojqï
² 11 fY%aKsfha fm<fmd;
² jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾.SlrKh fmkajk .e,Sï igykla'

² jHdmdr ixúOdk y÷kajhs
² jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾. lrhs'
² jHdmdr ixúOdk i|yd ksoiqka olajhs'
38
39
40
weuqKqu 6'2'1
lKavdhï .fõIK Wmfoia
² udOHfõÈhd yd jHdjidhlhd w;r we;s jq ixjdoh fyd¢ka wOHhkh lr my;
i|yka lreKq wkdjrKh lrkak'
² cks;a f.a jHdmdrh yd oelsh yels ,laIK '
² tu ixjdofhka biau;= jk jHdmdrh yd iïnkaO fyd| ,laIK '
² tu jHdmdr yd ne¢ whym;a ,laIK '
² cks;a Tn kï udOHfõÈhd wik ,o m%Yakj,g wu;r jYfhka Èh yels
ms<s;=re'
² lKavdhï wkdjrK mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iqodkï jkak'
weuqKqu 6'2'2
;reK jHdjidhlhd f;aÍfï ;r.fha § fyd| u jHdjidhlhd f,i f;aÍ m;a jq cks;a yd
udOHfõÈhd w;r we;s jq ixjdofhka fldgila my; oelafõ'
udOHfõÈhd - Tn fuf;la úia;r lrkq ,enqfõ jHdmdrhla wdrïN lr wd

.uka uÕ ms<sn|jhs' uu leu;shs Tnf.a jHdmdrfha ,shdmÈxÑh
.ek oek.kak'
cks;a - uq,È kï uu jHdmdrh ,shdmÈxÑ lr, ;snqfka keye' kuq;a miq

ld,fha hï hï foaj,aj, § ,shdmÈxÑfha wjYH;dj oekqkd' ta
wkqj uf.a u jHdmdrhla úÈhg "cks;a weâjghsiska " kñka
m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd,fha ,shmÈxÑ l<d'
udOHfõÈhd - jHdmdrhg wjYH uqo,a imhd .;af;a fldhs wdldrhgo @
cks;a - uf.a fouõmshkaf.ka b,a,d.;a uqo,a" nexl=fjka .;a Kh" jHdmdr

lghq;=j,ska b;sßlr.;a uqo,a uu fï i|yd fhdojd .;a;d'
udOHfõÈhd - fuh Tn ;ksfhka lrf.k hk jHdmdrhla ' ta .ek Tng oefkk

ye.Su fldfyduo @
cks;a - uu ;uhs jHdmdrfha fndia ' jHdmdrfha yeu lghq;a;la u uf.a

wkqoekqu we;sj isoaOfjkafka' uu ,nd .;a Kh yd úúO f.ùï
wdmiq lrkak fjkjd' tajd uu ksis mßÈ lr f.k hkjd'
udOHfõÈhd - Tng hï wkfmalaIs; lrorhla we;sjqfkd;a Tnf.a ie,iqu l=ulao @
cks;a - ta .ek wjodkula ;sfhkj' ta i|yd oekgu;a uu mjqf,a flfkla

jHdmdr lghq;=j,g mqreÿ mqyqKq lrf.k hkjd'
udOHfõÈhd - jHdmdr lghq;=j, wkd.;h .ek Tng fudkjo lshkak ;sfhkafka @
cks;a - jHdmdrh ;j;a mq¿,a lr .kak ´ke' yeu lghq;a;la u lrkak ´ke
ksid yßu wúfõlhs' nexl= Wk;a wms jf.a ;ksfhka lrf.k hk
jHdmdrj,g Woõ Wmldr lrkak leue;a;la keye' fiajlfhd
jeämqr wrf.k mä kä fokak;a wmyiqhs' fldfydu Wk;a jHdmdfr
ÈhqKq lr .kakjd'
41
41
ksmqK;dj 06 ( jHdmdr wdrïN lsÍu i|yd fhda.H ixúOdk j¾.
úu¾Ykh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 6'3 ( yjq,a jHdmdr ixúOdk úu¾Ykh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 06
bf.kqï M, ( fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< mdvï wjika ùfuka

miq isiqka úiska"
² yjq,a jHdmdrj, uq,sl ,laIK i|yd ksoiqka imhhs'
² yjq,a jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍfï ls%hd mámdáh meyeÈ,s lrhs'
² yjq,a jHdmdrj, mj;akd jdis yd iSud bÈßm;a lrhs'

fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< j úIh ks¾foaYfha we;s úIh wka;¾.;h o ta yd iïnkaO
² fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< j m%:u mdvug msúiSfï §"

rhs.uhdfKks - .ïm,hdfKks
,dN ,nkakg - mdvq fkdjkakg
fjf<|dula lruq o wms fokakd
keu;s .S;h isiqkag u;la lr" tu jHdmdr ixúOdkfha iajNdjh ms<sn|
meyeÈ,s lrkak' ke;fyd;a yjqf,a lrk lghq;a;la ms<sn|j Tn okakd
lúhla $.S;hla$l:djla jqjo bÈßm;a l< yels h'
² fofofkl= fyda Bg jeä msßila talrdYs ù ,dN wfmalaIdfjka mj;ajd

f.k hk jHdmdr yjq,a jHdmdr f,i y÷kajd fokak'
² yjq,a jHdmdrj, uq,sl ,laIK ms<sn| j isiqkag wjfndaOhla ,nd §u

i|yd weuqKu q 6'3'1 ys we;=<;a lKavdhï .õIK Wmfoia m;sl
% dj o weuqKu
q
6'3'2 ys w;=<;a isoaêh o Ndú; lr isiqka ld¾hfha ksr; lrjkak'
² isiqkaf.a wkdjrK ie,ls,a,g .ksñka yjq,a jHdmdrhl uq,sl ,laIK

yd tajdfha jdis yd wjdis bÈßm;a lrkak'
² fuu ksmK q ;d uÜgu hgf;a bf.kqï - b.ekaùï lsh

% dj,sfha § yd jdia;úl
jHqy.; rpkd j¾.fha m%Yak Ndú; lrñka WÑ; we.ehSï isiqkag ,nd
fokak'
ksoiqka -
flaj, iajdñ jHdmdrhlg idfmalaIj yjq,a jHdmdrhl mj;akd hym;a
yd whym;a ,laIK 2 ne.ska olajkak'
42
uq,sl joka $ixl,am
² ,shdmÈxÑh
² whs;sh
² j.lSu
² ffk;sl mqoa., Ndjh
² meje;au
² m%d.aOkh iemhSu
² l<ukdlrKh
.=Kd;aul fhojqï
² weuqKqu 6'3'1 ys i|yka lKavdhï .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ld
² weuqKqu 6'3'2 ys i|yka " ud,s ukd,S ìhqá ief,daka " isoaêh
;lafiarelrK yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl -

² flaj, iajdñ jHdmdrhl yd yjq,a jHdmdrhl uq,sl ,laIK ii|hs'
² yjq,a jHdmdrhl mj;akd uq,sl ,laIK bÈßm;a lrhs'
² yjq,a jHdmdrhl mj;akd jdis yd wjdis fmkajd fohs'
weuqKqu 6'3'1
² " ud,s ukd,s " isoaêh fyd¢ka wOHhkh lr my; lreKqq wkdjrKh lrkak'
² wud,s f.a jHdmdrhg ksud,s tl;= lr .ekSfuka w;a jq m%fhdack'
² jHdmdr lghq;= iïnkaOfhka Tjqka fofokd i;= Yla;Ska'
² fuu jHdmdrh i|yd ljr wdldrfhka m%d.aOkh imhd .kakg we;ao @
² fuu jHdmdrh ljr j¾.fha jHdmdr ixúOdkhla o @ thg fya;='
² fuu jHdmdrh ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu iïnkaO Tfí woyiaa'
² fuu jHdmdrfha wkd.; meje;au ms<sn| Tfí u;h'
² fujeks jHdmdrhla ;j ÿrg;a id¾:l j lr f.k hdu i|yd Tng bÈßm;a l<
yels fhdackd'
² Tfí wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lrkak'
43
weuqKqu 6'3'2
" ud,s ukd,s " ìhqá ief,daka
Wiia fm< wOHdmkh yeoEÍfuka miq wud,s ;udf.a u /lshdjla f,i ief,daka jHdmdrhla
wdrïN l<d h' ál l,la .; ùfuka miq rEm,djkH mdGud,djla yodrd isá ish
fhfy<shla jq ksud,s ;u jHdmdr lgh;=j,g tla lr .kakd ,§' fuu fofokdf.a
iyfhda.S nj" tluq;=lu" lemùu ksid jHdmdrh Èfkka Èk id¾:l;ajhg m;aúh'
Tjqyq jHdmdr lghq;= lsisÿ fNaohlska f;drj lrf.k .shy'
jHdmdrh i|yd meñfKk fiajd odhlhskaf.a m%udKh jeäjkjd ÿgq fudjqka fuh
;jÿrg;a ÈhqqKq lr .ekSu i|yd Kh uqo,la ,nd .ekSug whÿï lrk ,§' ta i|yd
jHdmdrh ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍug isÿ jq w;r" tu Kh uqo, ,nd .kaf;a ksud,s f.a kñka
h' tfuka u jHdmdr lghq;= i|yd jHdmdrfha uqo,a fhdod jEka r:hla ñ,§ .;a
w;r th ,shdmÈxÑ lf<a wud,s f.a kñka h'
Tjqkaf.a fiajh fjkqfjka jHdmdrfhka jegqmla fkd.kakd w;r ish¨ úhoï wvqfldg
,dNh Tjqka fofokd .súi .;a wdldrhg .eg¨jla ke;sj fnod .kS' ksud,s
yÈisfha we;s jq wdndOhla fya;=fjka ál l,la frda.d;=rj isá ksid jHdmdr
flfrys odhl ùug fkdyels úh' tfuka u fuu ld,h ;=< ,nd .;a nexl= Kh o
f.ùug fkdyels ùu ksid th wud,s f.a fm!oa.,sl uqo,ska f.ùug isÿ úh'
flfia jqjo fuu jHdmdrh i|yd wu;r fiajlhska n|jdf.k ;jÿrg;a mq¿,a lr
.ekSug Tjqka wfmalaId lrhs'
44
ksmqK;dj 6 ( jHdmdr wdrïN lsÍu i|yd fhda.H ixúOdk j¾.
úu¾Ykh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 6'4 ( ixia:dms; iud.ï úu¾Ykh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 06
úiska "
² ixia:dms; iud.ul uq,sl ,laIK i|yd ksoiqka imhhs'
² iSudiys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ï wdrïN lsÍfï ls%hd mámdáh meyeÈ,s lrhs'
² iSudiys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ul mj;akd jdis yd iSud bÈßm;a lrhs'

fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< j úIh ks¾foaYfha we;s úIh wka;¾.;h o" ta yd iïnkaO
² fuu ksmqK;d uÜgu hgf;a m%:u mdvug msúiSfï § Tn okakd ixia:dms;

iud.ï folla muK yqKq mqjrefõ ,shd olajkak' wk;=rej isiqka okakd
fjk;a iud.ï úuid tajd o yqKq mqjrefõ ,shd olajkak'
² tu f;dr;=re weiqßka iSud iys; iud.ï ms<sn| j flá idlÉPdjla

lrkak' tfuka u jHdmdrfha ku iu. iSudiys; hk jpk fh§ we;s
neúka iu.ï j¾.h y÷kd .ekSu myiq nj mjikak'
² 2007 wxl 07 ork iud.ï mk; hgf;a ,shdmÈxÑ lrk ,o jHdmdr

wdh;khla ixia:dms; iud.ula f,i y÷kajd fokak' iSñ; j.lSu"
ffk;sl mqoa., Ndjh yd wLKav meje;au iud.ïj, mj;akd m%Odk
,laIK nj ;yjqre lrkak'
² úúO iud.ï j¾. mej;=k;a fï uÜgfï § wjOdkhg fhduq lrkafka

iSudiys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ï ms<sn| j muKla nj isiqka oekqj;a lrkak'
² wk;=rej weuqKq 6'4'1 ys we;=<;a .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ldj o weuqKqu 6'4'2

ys we;=<;a ixjdofha msgm;a o lKavdhïj,g ,nd § ld¾hfha ksr;
lrjkak'
² isiqkaf.a wkdjrK ie,ls,a,g f.k iSudiys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ïj, uq,sl

,laIK ms<sn|j;a" tajdfha jdis yd wjdis ms<sn|j;a idlÉPd lrkak'
² fuu ksmqK;d uÜgu hgf;a bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hj,sfha § jdia;úl

yd jHqy.; rpkd m%Yak Ndú; fldg WÑ; we.ehSï isiqkag ,nd fokak'
45
ksoiqka -
² iSudiys; fm!oa.,sl iu.ul uq,sl ,laIK kï lrkak'
² flaj, yd yjq,a jHdmdrj,g jvd iSñ; fm!oa.,sl iu.ula fjkia
jk whqre my; lreKqq hgf;a ikaikaokh lr olajkak'
² ,shdmÈxÑh
² whs;sh
² j.lSu
² ffk;sl mqoa., nj
² meje;au'
² m%d.aOkh imhd .ekSu'
uq,sl joka $ixl,am

² ,shdmÈxÑh
² whs;sh
² j.lSu
² ffk;sl mqoa.,Ndjh
² meje;au
² m%d.aOkh iemhSu
² l<ukdlrKh
² fm!oa.,sl iud.ï
.=Kd;aul fhojqï
² 11 fY%aKsfha fmd< fmd;
² weuqKqu 6'4'1ys i|yka lKavdhï .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ldj
² weuqKqu 6'4'2 ys i|yka ixjdofha msgm;a

² ixia:dms; iud.ula y÷kajhs
² yjq,a jHdmdrhla yd iSñ; fm!oa.,sl iud.ula w;r mj;akd fjkialï
ii|hs'
² iSudiys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ïj, mj;akd jdis yd isud idlÉPd lrhs'
46
weuqKqu 6'4'1
l=udr iy jHdmdr WmfoaYl w;r isÿù we;s ixjdoh fyd¢ka wOHhkh lr my; i|yka
lreKq ms<sn| j f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrkak'
1' ixjdohg mokïjk jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾.h'

2' tu ixúOdk j¾.fhys iqúfYaI ,laIK'
3' Tn fmr bf.k .;a jHdmdr ixúOdkj,g jvd fuu ixúOdk j¾.h fjkiajk
,laIK'
4' jHdmdr lsßu i|yd fuu ixúOdk j¾.h fhda.H úug fyda fhda.H fkdùug
fya;='
5' fuu ixúOdk j¾.h ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu'
weuqKqu 6'4'2
ixjdoh -
iud.ula f,i ,shdmÈxÑ ù we;s iqq¿ yd uOH mßudK jHdjidhlhskag b;d iykodhS
fldkafoais hgf;a Kh iy nÿ iyk ,nd §fï jevigykla ^jHdmD;shla& ls%hd;aul
lsÍug rch ;SrKh lr we;'
;ks mqoa., jHdmdrhla f,i ,shdmÈxÑ lr we;s l=udr isßj¾Okf.a jHdmdrh iud.ula
f,i ,shdmÈxÑ lsßug wjYH úh' fï i|yd Wmfoia .ekSug jHdmdr WmfoaYlhl=f.a
iydh me;S h' l=udr yd jHdmdr WmfoaYl w;r we;s jq ixjdofhka fldgila my;
oelafõ'
l=udr - uf.a jHdmdrh ta;rï f,dl= jHdmdrhla fkfuhs' ta jqk;a

iud.ula f,i ,shmÈxÑ fjkak mqq¿jkao @
jHdmdr WmfoaYl - iud.ula f,i ,shdmÈxÑ ùu i|yd jHdmdrfha m%udKh

.ek m%Yakhla keye' tla wfhl=g jqj;a iud.ula f,i
,shdmÈxÑ fjkak mqq¿jka' yenehs iud.ula ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍfï
ls%hd mámdáhla ;sfhkjd'
l=udr - uu l,ska uf.a jHdmdrh ,shdmÈxÑ lf<a m%dfoaYSh f,alï

ld¾hd,fha' iud.u;a ta ld¾hd,fha u ,shmÈxÑ lrkak
mqq¿jkao @
jHdmdr WmfoaYl - iud.ï ,shdmÈxÑ lrkak iud.ï frðiagd% ¾ ld¾hd,h lsh,d

fjku ld¾hd,hla ;sfhkjd'
l=udr - uf.a oeka ;sfhk jHdmdrhhs Th iud.uhs w;r fjki

l=ulao @
jHdmdr WmfoaYl - yq.la fjkialï ;sfhkjd'

47
47
iud.ug fjk u mqoa.,hl= f,i kS;sh bÈßfha § i,lkjd' ta
ksid iud.u kñka úúO foaj,a lrkak mqq¿jka' iud.u kñka
Kh .kak" .sKqï wdrïN lrkak mqq¿jka' kS;sh bÈßhg iud.u
kñka bÈßm;a fjkak;a mqq¿jka' jHdmdr lghq;= iïnkaO ndysr
j.lSï iud.ug mejfrkjd' m%d.aOkh jeälr .kak
wjYHkï fjk;a mqo. a ,hka odhl lr .kak mq¿ q jka' jHdmdrhg
fyd| ms<s.ekSula we;sfjkjd' jHdmdrfha whs;slrejka fjkia
jqk;a iud.u fjkila fkdù lr f.k hkak mq¿jka' wks;a
jHdmdr jf.a fkfuhs' fïjd mj;ajdf.k hdfï § imqrd,sh hq;=
kS;Hdkql+, foaj,a ;sfhkjd'
l=udr - tfyukï iud.ula úÈhg ,shdmÈxÑ lrkak fudkjo

lrkak ´ke'
jHdmdr WmfoaYl - iu.ï frðiag%d¾ ld¾hd,hlg .sys,a," ,shdmÈxÑh i|yd

` whÿïm;a" iud.ul jHdjia:dj,sh" iud.fï ku fjk;a
iu.ul kula fkdjk njg m%ldYh' iud.fï wOHlaIjreka
f,i lghq;= lsßug leue;a; olajk m%ldYh" iud.fï
f,alï f,i lghq;= lsßug leue;a; olajk m%ldYh"
hk ,shú,s iïmq¾K lr Ndr fokak'
fï jefâ ug;a lr,d fokak mqq¿jka' tfyu ke;akï

wka;¾cd, myiqlï u.skq;a Th ál lr.kak mqq¿jka'
,shdmÈxÑ jqkdg miafia iud.ï ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍfï iy;slhla
,efnkjd' Bg miafia iud.ula f,i lghq;= lrf.k hkak
mqq¿jka'
48
ksmqK;dj 06 ( jHdmdrh wdrïN lsÍu i|yd fhda.H ixúOdk j¾.
úu¾Ykh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 6'5 ( jr,;a jHdmdr úu¾Ykh lrhs'
ld,ÉfÊo ( 03
úiska
² jr,;a jHdmdrhl uq,sl ,laIK meyeÈ,s lrhs'
² jr,;a jHdmdr wdrïN lsÍfï ls%hd mámdáh olajhs'
² jr,;a jHdmdrhl mj;akd jdis yd iSud bÈßm;a lrhs'
mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia -

j fm<fmdf;ys wvx.= úIh lreKqq ms<sn|j o ukd jegySula ,nd.kak' wk;=rej my;
² fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< j mdvug msúiSfï § Tn fyd¢ka okakd jr,;a

jHdmdr lsysmhla ksoiqka f,i olajkak'
² mj;akd id¾:l jHdmdrhl ku " ,dxPkh yd fj<| l%uh fhdod .ekSu
jr,;a jHdmdr f,i ir, j ye¢kaúh yels h'
fuh jr,;alre yd jr,;a,dNshd w;r we;sjk .súiquls' fï wkqj

jHdmdßlhl=g jr,;a l%uhg jHdmdr mj;ajd f.k hd yels h'
jr,;a jHdmdr l%uh j¾;udkfha ckms%h fjñka hk jHdmdr ixúOdk
j¾.hla fõ'
ksoiqkla f,i .;fyd;a " ñysß " kñka m%isoaO rileú,s jHdmdrhla we;ehs is;kak'
fjk;a jHdjidhlhl=g iajlSh m%d.aOkh fhdod Tyqf.a ksIamdÈ; " ñysß " kñka u ;j;a
m%foaYhl jHdmdrhla f,i wdrïN lsßu i|yd .súiqula we;slr .; yels h'
² jr,;a jHdmdrhl uq,sl ,laIK" wdrïN lrk wdldrh" jr,;a jHdmdrhla

mj;ajdf.k hdfï jdis" wjdis isiqkag meyeÈ,s lr fokak'

jHqy.; rpkd m%Yak Ndú; fldg WÑ; we.ehSï isiqkag ,nd fokak'
ksoiqka -
² jr,;a jHdmdr meyeÈ,s lrkak'
² jr,;a l%uhg jHdmdrhla wdrïN lrk jHdjidhlhl=g tu.ska ,efnk
jdis fmkajd fokak'
'
49
uq,sl joka $ixl,am
² jr,;a jHdmdr
² jr,;alre
² jr,;aa,dNshd
.=Kd;aul fhojqï
² 11 fY%aKsfha fm<fmd;

² jr,;a jHdmdr l%ufha iqúfYaIS ,laIK olajhs'
² jr,;a jHdmdr l%ufha mj;akd jdis yd wjdis olajhs'
² jr,;a jHdmdr i|yd ksoiqka olajhs'
50
ksmK
q ;dj 7 ( YS% ,xldfõ jHdjidhl;aj ixialD;shla ìysùug we;s
bv m%ia;d .fõIKh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'1 ( YS% ,xldfõ jHdjidhl;aj ixialD;shla ks¾udKh ùug we;s
bv m%ia;d yd ta yd iïnkaOj mj;akd iSud .fõIKh
lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 06
isiqka úiska"
² YS% ,xldfõ jHdjidhl;aj ixialD;shl wjYH;dj i|yd fya;= olajhs'

² jHdjidhl;aj ixialD;shla ìysùug n,mdk wd¾Ól yd iudchSh idOl
i|yd ksoiqka olajhs'
² YS% ,xldfõ jHdjidhl;aj ixialD;shla ìysùug ndOd jk idOl meyeÈ,s
lrhs'
mdvï ie,iï i|yd Wmfoia

² fuu ksmqK;d uÜgu hgf;a m%:u mdvug msúiSfï § my; i|yka m%Yak isiqkag
bÈßm;a lr nqoaê l,ïNk wNHdihl ksr; lrjkak'
² " ixialD;sh " hkafkka l=ula woyia lrkafkao @
² " ixialD;shl " olakg ,efnk ,laIK fudkjdo @
² wk;=rej "jHdjidhl;aj ixialD;sh " ms<sn| j meyeÈ,s lrkak'
ksoiqka (
² hï lsis ck lKavdhula úiska fnodyod .kakd iïu;hka úYajdi yd
w.hkaaj, ñY%Khla ixialD;shla f,i ye¢kafõ'
^Culture can be defined of the make by norms, values, and beliefs that are
shared by a particular Community)
² iudchla .;al< th ixialD;sh" ls%hdldrlhka yd ieliqï ^jHqy& j,ska

iukaú; jqjla jk w;r th my; i|yka mßÈ bÈßm;a l< yelsh'
ls%hdldrlhska Âctors&
kso( .=rejre" wd.ñl kdhlhska" udOHlrejka" l,dlrejka" jHdmdßlhka
ixialD;sh ^Culture&
iudch
ieliqï ^Structures &
kso( NdIdj kso( foaYmd,k
iodpdrhka wd¾Ól
p¾hdmoaO;s wd.ñl
úYajdi moaO;s mx;s"cd;s"l=,
fi!kao¾h ú{dkh
² mqoa.,hka yefok jefvk ixialD;sh" Tjqkaf.a is;=ï" me;=ï" wdl,am yd p¾hdjka

flfrys n,mdk w;r ixialD;shg mqoa.,hskaf.a ú{dkh ilia lsÍfï Yla;shla
;sfí' 51
51
² Ôjfkdamdhla jYfhka iajlSh jHdmdrhla lrkjdo @ jegqma ,nk /lshdjla
lrkjdo @ hkak ;SrK flfrys ixialD;sh u.ska n,mEula isÿ flf¾'
ksoiqka (
² YS% ,xldfõ ixialD;sh u.ska jegqma ,nk /lshdjla lsßu iudch úiska
by< w.h lsßulg ,la flf¾'
² hï ixialD;shl Wm ixialD;Ska .Kkdjla mj;S'
² jHdjidhl;aj ixialD;sho Wm ixialD;shls' fuu ixialD;sfha
jHdjidhlhkaf.a iïu;hka úYajdi" w.hhka" wdl,am" iïnkaO;d
meje;aùï wdÈh fõ'
² fuu mdvfï § YS% ,xldj ;=< jHdjidhl;aj ixialD;shla ks¾udKh ùfï

wjYH;dj fya;= iys; j meyeÈ,s lrkak'
ksoiqka (
² /lshd iemhqu wvqùfï m%jK;dj'
² W.;a Y%u n,ldhla isàu'
² kQ.;=kag jvd W.;a ;reK msßi w;r ú/lshdj by< m%;sY;hla ùu'
² YS% ,xldj b;d by< wd¾Ól j¾Okhlg f.k hd hq;= ùu'
² iqÿiq foaYmd,k yd wd¾Ól mßirhla ;sîu'
² iïm;a iq,n j ;sîu'
² /lshd §u i|yd /lshd ks¾udKh lrkakka ìyslr .; hq;= ùu'
² iudc taldnoaO;djla we;s fldg mj;ajdf.k hdfï wjYH;dj'
² jHdjidhl;aj ixialD;Ska ks¾udKh ùu i|yd tfrysj we;s YS% ,xldfõ idudÔh

yd wd¾Ól idOl ms<sn| j wjfndaOhla ,nd §u i|yd mdvula fhdod .; yels h'
² ta wkqj fuu ksmqK;d uÜgu hgf;a úIh ks¾foaYfha olajd we;s iudchSh yd
wd¾Ól idOl ms<sn| wjodkh fhduq lrkak'
² wk;=rej mqoa.,hka jHdjidhl;ajh flfrys we,aula we;s ùug wys;lr iudchSh

idOl ms<sn| j wjfndaOhla ,nd §u i|yd o mdvula ie,iqï lrkak'
² fuys § mqoa.,hka jHdmdr wdrïN lsÍug Wkkaÿ fkdjkafka ukao @ hk m%Yakh

mx;shg bÈßm;a lr nqoaê l,ïNk wNHdihl isiqka ksr; lrjd ixjdohla fldg
idlÉPdjla fufyhjd wjYH úIh lreKq u;= lr .; yels h'
ksoiqka -
² jegqma ,nk /lshd ms<sn| j we;s by< ms<s.ekSu'
² wjodku yd wNsfhda. Ndr .ekSug we;s wlue;a;'
² wOHdmkh ;=<ska Èßu;a lsÍula isÿ fkdùu'
² rcfha Èß.ekaùu m%udKj;a fkdùu'
² jHdmdr lrkakka ms<sn| j iudchSh ms<s.ekSu wvqlu'
² mqoa.,hka hemqï udkisl;ajfhka hqla; ùu'
52
jHqy.; rpkd m%Yak Ndú; lrñka WÑ; we.hSï isiqkag ,nd fokak'
ksoiqka -
² ixialD;shl mj;akd ,laIK meyeÈ,s lrkak'
² YS% ,xldjg jHdjidhl;aj ixialD;shla wjYH ùug fya;= 4 la i|yka
lrkak'
² iudchla m%Odk wxYh ;=klska iukaú; fõ' tu wxY ksoiqka iys; j
meyeÈ,s lrkak'
uq,sl joka $ixl,am

² jHdjidhl;aj ixialD;sh
² wd¾Ól yd iudchSh idOl
.=Kd;aul fhojqï

² YS% ,xldjg jHdjidhl;aj ixialD;shla wjYHùug fya;= bÈßm;a lrhs'
² jHdjidhl;aj ixialD;shla ìysùug tfrysj n,mdk idOl i|yd ksoiqka
bÈßm;a lrhs'
² YS% ,xldfõ jHdjidhl;aj ixialD;shla ìysùug ndOdjk idOl u.yrjd
.ekSu i|yd fhdackd bÈßm;a lrhs'
53
54
55
² ldka;djka ;=< mj;sk Yla;Ska i|yd ksoiqka -
² msßueiqï iy.; nj'
² ld,h ksis mßÈ m%fhdackhg .ekSu'
² iajhx úkh'
² úYajdijka; nj'
² ldka;djka jHdmdr lsßu iïnkaOj mj;sk iSud yd wNsfhda. i|yd ksoiqka -
² mqreIdêm;H'
² .;dkq.;sl nj'
² mjq, ms<sn| we;s j.lSu'
² we;eï jHdmdr lsßu ms<sn| j iudchSh wdl,am hym;a fkdùu'
² fuu ksmqK;d uÜgu hgf;a b.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sfha § jdia;úl yd jHqy.;

rpkd m%Yak Ndú; fldg WÑ; we.ehSï isiqkag ,nd fokak'
ksoiqka -
² YS% ,xldj jeks wd¾Ólhlg jHdjidhsldjka wjYH ùug fya;= bÈßm;a
lrkak'
² ldka;djka jHdmdr lsßu iïnkaOj iudcfha we;eï whf.a t;rï fyd|

wdl,amhla fkdmj;S' fï ms<sn| j Tfí woyia olajkak'
uq,sl joka$ixl,am
² ldka;d jHjidhl;ajh
² Yla;Ska yd iSud
.=Kd;aul fhojqï
² 11 fY%aKsfha fm< fmd;

² ldka;djka iq,N j ksr;jk jHdmdr i|yd ksoiqka olajhs'
² jHdmdr ixialD;shla ìyslsÍfï,d ldka;djf.a odhl;ajh w.h lrhs'
² ldka;djka jHdmdr lsÍu yd iïnkaO iSud olajhs'
56
ksmqK;dj 7 ( YS% ,xldfõ jHdjidhl;aj ixialD;shla ìysùug we;s
bv m%ia;d .fõIKh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'3 ( iudc j.lSï yd wdpdr O¾u ms<smÈñka hym;a
jHdjidhl;aj ixialD;shla f.dvke.Sfuys,d
odhlùfï we,au m%o¾Ykh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ( 03
bf.kqï M, ( fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< mdvï wjika ùfuka

miq isiqka úiska
² jHdmdr iudc j.lSï yd wdpdr O¾u ms<sn| j iajlSh woyi meyeÈ,s lrhs'
² jHdmdr úiska iudc j.lSï bgqlsßug ne£ we;s md¾Yj ksoiqka iys; j
meyeÈ,s lrhs'
² jHdmdrj, iuc j.lSï yd wdpdrO¾u ms<sme§fï wjYH;dj idlÉPd lrhs'
mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia -

fuu ksmqK;d uÜgu hgf;a mdvug msúiSfï § mka;sfha isiqka WÑ; mßÈ lKavdhï
lrkak' ^lKavdhï 4 la jvd;a WÑ;fõ' &
² my; i|yka tla tla ud;Dld tu lKavdhï j,g ,nd § isiq m%;spdr ,nd .kak'
1' orejka flfrys foudmsh j.lSu'
2' foudmshka flfrys orejkaf.a j.lSu'
3' isiqka flfrys .=rejrekaf.a j.lSu'
4' .=rejreka flfrys isiqkaf.a j.lSu'
² isiq m%;spdr yqKq mqjrefõ ,shd olajkak'

^fï i|yd úkdä 08 la m%udKj;a fõ'&
² wk;=rej iudch flfrys jHdmdßlhskf

a .a j.lSu l=ulaoehs @ hkak isik
q g
a bÈßm;a
lr isiq woyia úuikak'
² q 7'3'1 ys we;=<;a " frdlaiSka fydag,h " isoê

weuqKu a h isiq lKavdhïj,g ,nd § th
wOHhkh lsßug bv i,iajd my; m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re ,nd .ekSug fhduq jkak'
² isoaêhg wkqj jHdmdßlhdf.ka iudchg bgqjk hym;a foa fudkjd o @
² tu jHdmdßlhdf.a j.lSï ksis mßÈ bgq flfrk md¾Yj ljqreka o @
² Tyqf.ka bgqjk j.lSï fudkjd o @
² fyd| foa lsÍu" krl foa fkdlsÍu ms<sn| j jHdmdßlhdf.ka .; yels
wdo¾Y fudkjd o @
² fuu isoaêhg wkqj jHdmdrh iu. iïnkaO jk md¾Yj ms<sn| i|yka
fõ' tu md¾Yj ljqreka o @
² jHdmdßlhd wkq.ukh lrk fyd| ms<sfj;a ksid Tyqg ,efnk m%;s,dN
ms<sn| j Tng mejish yels o @ olajkak'
² lKavdhï wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsßug i,iajkak'
57
² iudc j.lSï yd wdpdr O¾u ms<sme§fuka jHdmdßlhskag w;ajk m%;s,dN i|yd'
ksoiqka -
² jHdmdrh flfrys fyd| m%;srEmhla ks¾udKh ùu'
² .Kqfokqlrejkaf.a úYajdih j¾Okh ùu'
² fiajlhskaf.a Ñ;a; ffO¾h by< hdu yd jHdmdrh flf¾ ,eÈlu j¾Okh
ùu'
² jHdmdrh flfrys /ljrKhla ,eîu'
² fuu ksmqK;d uÜgu hgf;a b.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sfha § jdia;úl yd jHqy.;

rpkd m%Yak Ndú; lr WÑ; we.hSï isiqkag ,nd fokak'
ksoiqka -
² iudch flfrys jHdmdßlhskaf.a j.lsu hkafkka Tn woyia lrkafka
l=ula o @
² jHdmdßlhska úiska iudc j.lSï bgq lsÍfï wjYH;dj fmkakd fokak'
uq,sl joka $ixl,am

² jHdmdr iudc j.lSï'
² jHdmdr wdpdrO¾u'
² jHdmdr flfrys Wkkaÿj olajk md¾Yj'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï
² 11 fYaKsh fm< fmd;
² 7'3'1 " frdlaiSka fydag,h " isoaêfha wjYH msgm;a '
;lafiarelrK yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl -

² jHdmdr iudc j.lSï yd wdpdr O¾u hk ixl,amj, woyi meyeÈ,s
lrhs'
² jHdmdr flfrys Wkkaÿj olajk md¾Yjhkag ksoiqka olajd tu md¾Yj
jHdmdrh flfrys Wkkaÿj oelaùug fya;= bÈßm;a lrhs'
² jHdmdr iudchSh j.lSï yd wdpdrO¾u ms<sme§fuka jHdmdßlfhl=g
we;s lr .; yels m%;s,dN i|yka lrhs'
58
weuqKqu 7'3'1
" frdla iSka fydag,h "
ri,af.a mjqf,a jHdmdrh jqfha uykqjr" uyshx.k ud¾.h wi, mj;ajdf.k .sh
l=vd f;a meka Yd,djls' ta wi,ska .,d hk l=vd Èh myr fuu fjf<|i,g
.Kqfokqlrejka meñKSug o fya;=jla úh' wdrïNfha isg u ls;=,a yl=re iu. f;a"
kejqï t< lsß" fmd,a frdà" wdmam yd flá lEu j¾. wdÈh WKqiqï msg u wdydrhg
.; yels ùu fuu fjf<|if,a úfYaI;ajhla f,i oelsh yels h' fuu ud¾.fha .uka
lrk fndfyda fm!oa.,sl hdk jdyk" f,dß wdÈh fuys kj;d f;a mdkh fldg hdu
idudkH ,laIKhls' ri,a o mdi,a ksjdvq wjia:dj, mshdf.a jHdmdr lghq;=j,g Woõ
lf<a h' ri,a f.a mshdf.a yÈis wNdjfhka miq ri,ag ish uj iu. jHdmdrfha mq¾K
ld,Sk j lghq;= lsßug isÿúh'
ri,a fh!jk;ajh lrd msh k.k úg jHdmdrh ie,lshhq;= j¾Okhlg m;a fldg f.k
;ssìKs' Tyq ;u jHdmdrh úYd, lr fouy,a f.dvke.s,a,la njg m;a lr .;a w;r"
my; ud,h f;a mdkh i|yd o" by< ud,h Wfoa" Èjd" rd;S% wdydr .ekSu i|yd
o fjka lrk ,§' Tyq fydag,fha wdydr mdk i|yd msßisÿ kejqï ;;a;ajfha øjH
,nd .kakd w;r fydag,h ;=< u fi!LH wdrlaIs; j wdydr mdk ms<sfh, lrkq ,efí'
fydag,fha neyer lrk ish¨ wmøjH fhdod f.k úÿ,sh ,nd .ekSu i|yd Ôj jdhq
tallhla ia:dms; lr we;' fydag,h b;d msßisÿ j kv;a;= lrkq ,nk w;r
fiajlhskao b;d ñ;%YS,S fiajhla ,nd §u i|yd mqyqKq fldg we;' Tyq
fiajlhskag kshñ; mßÈ jegqma" §ukd" ks, we÷ï" wdydr mdk ,nd §u isÿ lrhs'
fydag,hg wjYH øjH imhkakkag ksis mßÈ f.ùï isÿ lrk w;r .kqfokq ksis
mßÈ jd¾;d ;nd .ksñka f.úh hq;= nÿ wdÈh ksis mßÈ f.ùï lrhs' Tyqf.a
fydag,fha lEu îu b;d idOdrK nj mdßfNda.slhska mjihs'
fydag,h wi,ska .,d hk Èh oyr wdYs%; m%foaYh b;d oel=ïl¨ mßirhla njg
m;a fldg" hk tkakkaf.a .suka ksjd f.k hdug iqÿiq mßÈ ilia lr ;sfí' Tyq
iajlSh ,dNh .ek fkdj Tyqf.ka bgq úh hq;= hq;=lu .ek ks;r u isysm;a lrhs'
;ju;a fh!jk wjêfha miqjk ri,a f.a wkd.;h b;d meyenr nj iaÒr h'
59
60
² uq,H myiqlï iemhSfï wjYH;dj ms<sn| j isiqka oekqj;a lrkak'
ksoiqka -
² hka;% WmlrK ñ,È .ekSu'
² ld¾hd, WmlrK ñ,È .ekSu'
² boslsÍï lghq;= i|yd'
² jHdmdrh mq¿,a lsÍu i|yd'
² NdKav wmkhkh lsßu i|yd'
² uq,H fkdjk Èß.ekaùï i|yd ksoiqka ,nd fokak'

ksoiqka -
² jHdjidhlhska mqyqKq lsßu'
² fiajlhska mqyqKq lsßu'
² wf,úlrK mqyqKqj'
² ffk;sl fiajd'
² ;;a;aj md,kh'
² NdKav weiqreïlrKh'
² jHdmdr ie,iqï ilia lr §u'
² jHdmdr WmfoaYk fiajd ,nd §u'
² uq,H yd uq,H fkdjk Èß.ekaùï ,ndfok wdh;k ms<sn| j f;dr;=re bÈßm;a

lrkak'
uq,H Èß.ekaùï ,ndfok wdh;k'

ksoiqka -
² ish¨ u foaYSh jdKsac nexl='
² jdKsc nexl= fkdjk fjk;a uq,H wdh;k'
² nexl=j'
² m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Ok nexl='
² uq,H fkdjk Èß.ekaùï ,nd fok wdh;k

ksoiqka -
² ld¾ñl ixj¾Ok uKav,h'
² wmkhk ixj¾Ok uKav,h'
² l=vd jHdmdr ixj¾Ok tallh'
² ;reK lghq;= yd l=i,;d ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYh
² YS% ,xld jD;a;Sh mqyqKq wêldßh'
² YS% ,xld jHdmdr ixj¾Ok wêldßh'
² cd;sl fudaia;r uOHia:dkh'
² ld¾ñl ;dlaIKsl wdh;;kh'
² cd;sl Ys,am iNdj'
² YS% ,xld yia; l¾udka; uKav,h'
² l=vd l¾udka; fomd¾;fïka;=j'
² fuu ksmqK;d uÜgï hgf;a wod< mdvï bf.kqï - b.ekaùï lghq;=j, §

iïm;a mqoa.,hl=f.a iydh ,nd .; yels h'
61
61
² fï yd iïnkaO úfYaI{;djla olajk ks,Odßfhla iEu m%dfoaYSh f,alï
fldÜGdihlg u wkqhqla; lr we;' wjYH kï tu ks,Odßhdf.a iydh
,nd.ekSug fhdackd flf¾'

jHqy.; rpkd m%Yak Ndú; lr WÑ; we.ehSï isiqkag ,nd fokak'
ksoiqka -
² jHdmdr wdrïN lrkakkag Èß.ekaùï wjYHùug fya;= 5 la i|yka
lrkak'
² jHdmdr i|yd ,ndfok uq,H yd uq,H fkdjk Èß.ekaùïj,g ksoiqka 2
ne.ska bÈßm;a lrkak'
uq,sl joka $ixl,am

² jHdmdr i|yd Èß.ekaùï'
² uq,H yd uq,H fkdjk Èß.ekaùï'
² Èß.ekaùï imhk wdh;k'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï
² 11 fYa%Ksfha fm< fmd;

² kj jHdmdr wdrïN lrkakkaf.a Èß.ekaùfï wjYH;dj fmkajd fohs'
² YS% ,xldfõ jHdjidhlhskag imhk uq,H yd uq,H fkdjk Èß.ekaùï i|yd
ksoiqka imhhs'
² jHdjidhlhskag uq,H yd uq,H fkdjk oasß.ekaùï imhk YS% ,xldfõ we;s
wdh;k kï lrhs'
62

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jHjidhl;aj wOHhkh

^2016 j¾Ifha isg ls%hd;aul lrkq ,efí&

m%:u uqøKh 2015

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

úoHd yd ;dlaIK mSGh"

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska

!# YsIHhdg laIKsl Okd;aul iy ks¾udKd;aul m%;spdrhka ,nd §u u.ska" bf.kqu l%udkql+,j

!# ld¾hYS,S jev wdpdr O¾u - idOkSh wdl,am iy kj ks¾udKhg ixrlaIKhg

!# wka;¾ mqoa., iïnkaO;d - lKavdhï jev" úkh iy ld¾hlaIu ikaksfõokh

!# iodpdrd;aul yr - úúO;ajhg .re lsÍu jeks mqrjeis jákdlïj,ska

udpd¾h .=Kmd, kdkdhlaldr

úIh iïnka ë lrKh ví'tï'ta'î' úfÊiqßh

f,aLl uKaav,h ( wyHka ; r odhl;a j h

NdId ixia l rKh ( tÉ'ví'à' m%ikak úfÊj¾Ok

* jHdjidhl;aj wOHdmkh ieneúkau .%yKh lr .ekSu i|yd wOHdmkfha iEu

bf.kqï - b.ekaùï lsh

wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a m‚jqvh iii - iv

iyldr wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a m‚jqvh v

úIhud,d lugqj vii

.=re w;afmd; mßYs,kh lsßu i|yd Wmfoia viii - ix

cd;sl fmdÿ wruqKq xiii

fmdÿ ksmqK;d iuQy xiv - xv

úIh wruqKq xvi

;iafiarelrKh yd we.ehSu xvii

úia;rd;aul úIh ks¾foaYh xviii - xxiv

bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh i|yd Wmfoia 1 - 62

II fjkia jk f,dalhl wNsfhda.hkag m%;spdr olajk w;r cd;sl Wreufha udye.s

III udkj whs;js dislï .re lsÍu" hq;l

V iqiudys; jQ iunr fm!reIhla i`oyd ks¾udmK yelshdj" wdrïNl Yla;sh úpdrYS,S

VI mqoa.,hdf.a iy cd;sfha Ôj.=Kh jeäÈhqKq flfrk iy Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh

^i& ikaksfõok ksmqK;d

^ii& fm!reI;aj j¾Okh wod< ksmqK;d

^iii& mßirhg wod< ksmqK;d

iudc mßirh ( cd;sl Wreuhka ms<sn| wjfndaOh" nyqjd¾.sl iudchl

^iv& jev f,dalhg iqodkï ùfï ksmqK;d

^v& wd.u iy wdpdr O¾uhkag wod< ksmqK;d

^vi& l%Svdj iy úfõlh m%fhdackhg .ekSfï ksmqK;d

^vii& —bf.kSug bf.kSu˜ ms<sn| ksmqK;d

01' jHjidhl;ajhg wod< uQ,sl ixl,am yd ksmqK;d ms<sn| j oekqj;aNdjh ,nd§u'

5'4 fhdað; jHdmdrhl mßmd,k lghq;=j,g wod< fhdað; jHdmdrhl mßmd,k

wdrïN lsÍu i|yd ye¢kaùu weia;fïka;=jl we;=<;a jk whs;u 06

wjYH jk uqM úhoï ia:djr j;alï ksoiqka iys; j bÈßm;a lrhs'

6 ' jHdmdr wdrïN 6'1 jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾.

j¾. úu¾Ykh j¾. fldg ksoiqka olajhs'

6'3 yjq,a jHdmdr ixúOdk yjq,a jHdmdrj, uQ,sl ,laIK i|yd 06

ixia:dms; iud.ï ixia:dms; iud.ul uQ,l

uQ,sl ,laIK iSudiys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ï wdrïN

jr,;a jHdmdrhl uQ,l

jHjidhl;aj ixialD;shla ìysùug ndOdjk idOl meyeos,s lrhs'

jHjidhl;ajhg we,aula we;sùug

wdpdrO¾u ms<smÈñka wdpdr O¾u ms<sn|j iajlSh woyi meyeÈ,s lrhs'

hym;a jHjidhl;aj ye¢kaùu jHdmdr úiska iudc j.lSï bgq lsÍug

bf.kqï M, ( fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< mdvï wjika ùfuka miq

mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia

² jHdjidhlhdf.a jHdmdr woyi ienE jHdmdrhla njg mßj¾;kh lr ls%hd;aul

² by; ls%hdldrlfuka wk;=rej jHdmdr ie,eiau y÷kajd" jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍfï

² jHdmdr ie,eiaul wka;¾.; my; i|yka uq,sldx. ms<sn| j flá úia;rhla

² fuu ksmqK;d uÜgu i|yd bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sfha § jdia;úl fyda