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Notes

Electricity is created when the neutrality of an atom is disturbed, creating a charge. Current is the flow of electric charge. For a material to be a good conductor of electricity, it must have free electrons that allow electricity to flow. Ohm's law states that the voltage across a conductor is proportional to the current through it. Heat is generated whenever electric current flows through a resistor due to the resistance of the material. This heating effect follows Joule's law of heating and is used in applications like electric kettles and irons.

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42 views3 pages

Notes

Electricity is created when the neutrality of an atom is disturbed, creating a charge. Current is the flow of electric charge. For a material to be a good conductor of electricity, it must have free electrons that allow electricity to flow. Ohm's law states that the voltage across a conductor is proportional to the current through it. Heat is generated whenever electric current flows through a resistor due to the resistance of the material. This heating effect follows Joule's law of heating and is used in applications like electric kettles and irons.

Uploaded by

9B RAJ RISHI RANA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ELECTRICITY

Disturbing electrical neutrality of an atom creates charge.


Q
1C = 6.25 X 1018 e- I = Q = ne-
t

When 1A current flows in a circuit for 1s.


Flow of 1C charge in a circuit for 1s is constituted by 1A current.
(Measuring devices – Ammeter, Galvanometer)
Work done in moving a unit charge from a
reference point to a specific point in the electric field.
In other words, V = W
I am great raj
Q
When 1J work is done to circulate 1C of charge in a circuit.

For any material to become good conductor of electricity, it must posses free
charge carriers or free electrons. Atoms of metals are comparatively larger in
size, hence they posses’ free electrons and conducts electricity.
OHM’S LAW: V ∝ I
V = IR

V–I graph is a straight line that passes through the origin of the graph.
Property of given conductor to resist the flow of charges.
(Measuring device: Ohmmeter; Variable R: Rheostat)
R ∝ L
A
R = ρ L
A
ρ Property of material to resist flow of charges. Depends on
temp.

1 1 1 1

HEAT EFFECT OF ELELCTRIC CURRENT:


In an electric circuit, electricity may be consumed for useful work, such as
rotating the blades of fan. Rest of the electric energy is may be converted into
heat energy to increase the temp. of conductor. This is Heating Effect of
Electric Current.
H = Work Done(W)
W
Since, V =
Q
W = VQ
Therefore, H = VQ Therefore,
Q
Since, I = H = VIt
t
Q = It H = I2Rt
Hence, H = VIt V2t
H =
R
= (IR)It = I2Rt
V V2t
= V ()R t = R

Joule’s law of heating:


According to H = I2Rt,
∝
∝
∝

➢ Electric iron, electric kettle, geysers.


➢ Electric Bulb: Filament is made up of Tungsten (MP = 3380ºC). It has
very high MP that when connect in a circuit, it gets very hot and emits
light. Bulb is filled with inactive nitrogen and argon gases to prevent the
combustion of the filament. Most of the power consumed by filament
appears as heat, a small part of it is in the form of light radiated.
➢ Electric Fuse: The MP of fuse is very low i.e. when excess current
flows, it melts and breaks the circuit.
Electric Iron consumes 1kW power when operated in 220V i.e.
4.54A current will flow through it. In this case 5A fuse is used.

E
Electric Power: P=
t

Therefore,
P = VI 1 1 1 1

P = I2R
P = V
2

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