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CRIMINALISTICS (20%)

INSTRUCTION: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions. Mark
only one answer for each item by shading the box corresponding to the letter of
your choice on the answer sheet provided. STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED. Use
pencil no. 1 only.

1. An executive consulted you on what writing instrument he will use in order to

easily detect a forgery of his signature. What will be your advice?
A. Use blue ball-point pen C. Use a Fountain pen
B. Use pink gel pen D. Use a unique sign pen

2. In the examination of a questioned personally written, dated and signed last will and
testament, previously handwritten materials executed by the testator played a very
important role to detect forgery. As document examiner, what will your first step in
the procurement of handwriting exemplars?
A. Request for standard specimen
B. Study of the questioned specimen
C. Determine the writing instrument and paper used
D. Arrange for normal writing condition

3. To fix the camera focus and avoid its unusual movement during the process of
photographing, you the photographer shall use which camera accessory?
A. cable release C. stand
B. tripod D. camera strap

4. A type of lie intended to mislead justice:

A. white lie C. black lie
B. red lie D. malicious lie

5. A type of liar who tells a lie due to mental disorder:

A. amateur liar C. professional liar
B. pathological liar D. situational liar

6. What is the basis of cartridge case identification as to have been discharged to a

particular firearm?
A. Lands and grooves marking C. Magazine and chamber marks
B. Firing pin marks and breech face marks D. Extractor and ejector mark

7. Fired cartridges extracted from the body of the gunshot victim are marked at its:
1. Base 2. Ogive 3. Nose 4. Body 5. Striations
A. 1, 3 and 5 C. 1, 2 and 3
B. 2 and 4 D. 3, 4 and 5

8. The investigator should avoid asking witnesses long complicated questions because this
will:
A. Give the witness a chance to formulate desired answer.
B. Enable him to ascertain the purpose of the interviewer.
C. Renders difficulty in obtaining the facts for conviction
D. Embraces him and cause him to answer he does not know

9. Shaving marks on the fired projectile is due to:

A. Poor alignment of the cylinder to the bore of the barrel
B. Oversized barrel
C. Oily barrel
D. Delayed combustion

10. A condition that two bullets or shells are examined and compared under the comparison
microscope at the same time, level and direction and magnification and same image is
known as___.
A. Pseudo match C. Juxtaposition
B. false match D. Sodo match
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11. What is the purpose of collecting and examining gunpowder residues on the target?

A. to determine the position of the gunman when he fired a gun

B. to determine the length of the barrel of the gun that was used
C. to approximate the distance of the target from the muzzle of the gun
D. to ascertain the direction of the wind at the time of the firing

12. Assume that you are part of the Scene of Crime Operation Team who responded at the
crime scene. How will you pick up a revolver found at the crime scene for purposes of
examination and used in evidence?
A. Insert a rod or a bar at the bore of the fire arm
B. Grasp the handle with a handkerchief
C. Grasp the barrel with a clean cloth
D. Insert a wire or straw through the trigger guard

13. Fired shells used in the shooting incident collected from the crime scene are marked
on any part of the shell for the purpose of identification?
1. Inside near mouth
2. Head of the shell
3. Body
4. Base
5. Outside near the mouth
A. 1, 3 and 5 C. 1, 2 and 3
B. 2 and 4 D. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

14. The term muzzle velocity refers most accurately to the:

A. Acceleration of the projectile in flight
B. Speed at which the bullet leaves the barrel
C. Average speed of the bullet in flight
D. Rate of expansion of the grooves in the muzzle

15. Polygraph test is not a substitute but merely an aid in_____?

A. investigation C. testimony in court
B. examination D. conviction

16. Responses given by the subject in a relevant question which deviates from the normal
tracing are called:
A. normal response C. specific response
B. deceptive response D. none

17. To control the degree of sharpness of an object being photograph which part of the
camera will you manipulate?
A. lens opening C. focusing
B. shutter D. condenser

18. Gas lamp burning carbon disulphide vapor in oxygen or in nitric oxide used in the
examination of counterfeit money, semen, fibers and produces a light rays with 30 to 400
millimicron is which artificial light?
A. infra-red C. visible rays
B. ultra-violet D. x-rays

19. Which fingerprint pattern that the looping or slanting of ridges flows towards the
little finger?
A. loop C. radial loop
B. ulnar loop D. tented arc

20. The diagonal sign / means ________.

A. right hand ulnar C. left hand radial
B. left hand ulnar D. none

21. When the muzzle of the gun was held within 2 inches to 36 inches what characteristic
pattern can you observe around the bullet hole?
A. Gaping hole and singeing C. Tearing and burning
B. Smudging and tatooing D. Soot
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22. What type of a pattern consisting of two or more deltas, one or more ridge forming a
complete circuitry and when an imaginary line is drawn from left delta to right delta it
touches or cross the circuiting ridge/s?
A. plain whorl C. central pocket loop whorl
B. double loop whorl D. accidental whorl

23. Accidental whorl is consists of various combination of fingerprint pattern. Which

pattern is not included in the combination?
A. ulnar loop C. plain whorl
B. tented arch D. plain arch

24. Which condition that cartridge misfired

A. the cartridge totally fails to discharge
B. the bullet tumbled in its flight and hit the target sideways as a result of not
spinning on its axis
C. the bullet bounced off from its original trajectory
D. the discharge of the firearm is delayed

25. Its mechanism is so arranged that it can fired continuously when trigger is pressed.
This refers to____
A. Repeating arms C. Automatic gun
B. Automatic bullet D. Breech action weapon

26. Maximum effective range refers to the farthest distance in which a bullet when fired
A. can still be consider lethal C. can still hit the target as sighted
B. bullet travels straight D. can still reach the target

27. Firing distance at which the gunner has the control of his shots is known as____.
A. Maximum range C. Maximum effective range
B. Accurate range D. Effective range

28. One of the important areas of consideration in the examination of fingerprint

pattern are the core and delta, which is popularly called_____.
A. inner terminus C. outer terminus
B. focal point D. pattern area

29. Highly irritants poisons which causes local insensibility of tissue and causes
nausea is –
A. corrosive C. irritants
B. tetanics D. narootics

30. A point along a ridge formation found in front or near the center of the diverging
typelines known as_____.
A. The core C. island ridge
B. The delta D. convergence

31. Introduced by Daniel Barbaro, ________ is an image forming device of the camera
serves as a medium or system which converge or diverge light rays passing through it to
form an image
A. lens C. condenser
B. shutter D. pentaprism

32. Basically, what is the specific use of camera in photography?

A. to record the image hit by light
B. to exclude all unwanted and unnecessary lights
C. to make the image hit by light visible
D. to make the image recorded permanent

33. Handwriting may vary due to several factors and circumstances under which the writing
was prepared by the writer. This is what we called _____.
A. System of writing C. writing movement
B. Copy-book form D. writing condition
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34. Dindo is an engineer who usually drinks in a high end beer houses every Friday.
Short of cash and forgot to bring his credit card he executed a bill of exchange to pay
his bill. As Criminologist, what would you expect to his handwriting?
A. Natural variation may exist in his handwriting
B. His handwriting might have a transitory change
C. Permanent change may be observed from his handwriting
D. Tremor may be noticed from his handwriting

35. The best way to conduct a thorough interview is for the investigator to:
A. allow himself sufficient time for adjustment
B. permit the interviewee to give narrative statement
C. be guided by a pre-arranged checklist
D. Devote adequate time for an interviewee’s evaluation

36. What usually set the tone or condition and creates the atmosphere during the
interrogation?
A. interrogator’s behavior
B. the type of crime involved
C. questioning style of the interrogator
D. the subject’s personal history

37. Stage in the conduct of the polygraph test designed to prepare or condition the
subject for the actual test is during the____.
A. Initial Interview C. Instrumentation
B. Pre-test Interview D. Post test Interview/Interrogation

38. Conducted for the purpose of obtaining confession or an admission from the subject
once deception is observed. Which stage of polygraph examination is referred to?
A. initial interview C. Pre-test interview
B. Instrumentation D. post-test interview or interrogation

39. Executed normally by the writer. Which writing is executed by the writer who has NO
intention of changing his usual writing habits?
a. Natural writing C. Disguised writing
b. Guided writing D. Assisted writing

40. You gather documentary evidence at the scene of the crime. How will you best
preserve such document for evidentiary purposes?
A. By placing it in a paper envelope
B. By placing it in a plastic envelope
C. By placing it in a plastic transparent envelope
D. By placing it in a sealed folder

41. Assume that you are a Criminologist- Questioned Document Examiner of a drawee-bank.
In the examination of a Cashier’s Check allegedly issued by a drawer-bank to a payee,
named Ronald Huertas, you want to see the three dimensional enlargement of the check
under examination. What instrument will you need to serve your purpose?
A. Automated comparison microscope C. Magnifying lens
B. Ultra-violet light gadget D. Stereoscopic microscope

42. Which cartridge is classified as rim fire?

A B C D

43. Pen lift refers to:

A. the sudden increased in pressure or the intermittently forcing the pen against the
paper surface with an increase in speed
B. the interruption in strokes cause by sudden removal of the writing instrument to
the paper surface
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C. another writing stroke designed to correct a defective portion of a writing also
known as patching.
D. the visible record of the written strokes resulting from a combination of
various factors associated to the motion of the pen

44. Nearest distance between the nearest object and the optic center of the lens which
give the maximum depth of field is_____.
A. focal length C. depth of field
B. hyperfocal distance D. focusing

45. A convex lens is capable of______.

A. reducing the object C. enlarging the object
B. making the object appear hairy D. reducing the size of the
picture

46. Lens characterized as thinner at center and thicker at the sides, that reduces the
size of the object is/are: 1. convex lens; 2. converging lens; 3. concave
lens; 4. diverging lens
A. 1 and 2 C. 1, 2 and 3
B. 3 and 4 D. 1, 2, 3 and 3

47. Which lens defect characterize by the inability of the lens to focus both
horizontal and vertical lines in a  plane at the same time?
A. Coma C. Distortion
B. Astigmatism D. Chromatic aberration

48. What is the determining factor of the size of an image as well as the area of
coverage of a given camera lens?
A. focal length C. Diaphragm opening
B. hyper-focal distance D. Depth of field

49. Which of the following serves the importance of Poroscopy?

A. For determination of whether the prints belong to a young or adult person.
B. For determination whether the prints were taken during person’s lifetime or
after death
C. For determination whether the prints were taken either from the person’s hands
or feet
D. For determination whether the prints were taken either from right or left hand

50. Which part of friction skin that if damaged will create a permanent scar?
A. Epidermis C. Stratum corneum
B. Dermis D. Stratum mucosum

51. Regarded as the “Father of Poroscopy” is_____.

A. Francis Galton C. Marcelo Malpighe
B. John Herschel D. Edmond Locard

52. Scientific study of the tiny opening across the ridges is_____.
A. Podoscopy C. Poroscopy
B. Chiroscopy D. Edgeoscopy

53. Up to what deep a cut or injury will leave a permanent scar in a normal friction
skin?
A. less than 1cm C. less than 1 mm
B. more than 1cm D. more than 1mm

54. Using flexible pen nib point the width of the writing strokes may increase or widened
as the writer writes which produces______.
A. pen emphasis C. pen pressure
B. shading D. retouching

55. The usual or normal force applied by a writer every time he executes a natural hand
writing produces____.
A. pen pressure C. pen emphasis
B. retracing D. retouching
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56. The need for long and continuous washing in water of a negative or finished print is
to remove the ____ because its presence will result to the early fading.
A. Sodium sulfite C. Acetic acid
B. Potassium alum D. Hypo

57. Error in the processing step like overdevelopment could be remedied by the use of
a______.
A. reducer C. intensifier
B. Bleacher D. stain remover

58. What is that process of eliminating unwanted portions of a negative during enlarging
process?
A. dodging C. vignetting
B. burning-in D. cropping

59. Card used in recording and preserving developed latent print is known as____.
A. Fingerprint lifting tapes C. Fingerprint transfer card
B. Evidence Identification tags D. Post-mortem fingerprint Equipment

60. Type of fingerprint impressions made or printed on the card by individually rolling
the ten fingers of the subject is/are____.
A. Latent Prints C. Rolled Impression
B. Plain Impression D. Molded Impression

61. Which fingerprint impressions are taken simultaneously and serve as a guide in
checking the proper location of rolled impressions in the finger in the card?
A. Rolled Impression C. Plain Impression
B. Contaminated with colored substance D. Molded Prints

62 . In taking prints of the subject the technician always instruct the subject to___.
A. Stand straight C. Cooperate
B. Relax D. Help the technician rolling

63. One of the cardinal rule in taking fingerprints from subject is that____.
A. fingers must be healthy C. fingers must be dry
B. fingers must be moisten D. fingers must be oily

64. In taking prints of the subject what fingers are rolled away from the body of the
subjects?
A. Both thumbs C. All eight fingers
B. All fingers including thumbs D. All fingers except the thumbs

65. Boric and acetic acids in the fixer are used____.

A. as preservative C. as hardener
B. as neutralizer D. as dissolving agent

66. Pen scope refers to the __________ of the pen with the wrist at rest.
A. Maximum reach C. Degree of hold
B. Average limit D. Minimum and maximum limit

67. One of the factors in determining the nature of shading and or slant is the relative
location of the pen in relation to the paper surface. This refers to which writing
condition?
A. Pen pressure C. Pen hold
B. Pen scope D. Pen emphasis

68. Retracing is a writing strokes that goes back over another writing strokes,
slightly occur due_____.
A. to lack of movement control by the writer
B. to the desire of the writer to improve the writing
C. to the condition when the writing was executed
D. to the tension felt by the writer when he wrote
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69. Writer’s handwriting skills refer to his relative degree of writing proficiency,
which can be measured________.
A. from his lowest to the highest level C. from his quality of writing
strokes
B. from his degree of speed D. from the contents of his writing

70. Questioned document is a document

A. That is completely written and signed and dated by only one person and under
question
B. Which an issue has been raised or that which is under examination or
investigation
C. Which serve as a basis for comparison with other matters in question
D. Which are executed in the ordinary or regular course of man’s activity

71. What is the condition of a sunlight when an object in an open space cast a
transparent or bluish shadow?
A. bright light C. dull sunlight
B. hazy sunlight D. blue sunlight

72. The complete and persistent cessation of respiration, circulation and almost all
brain functions is known as what type of death?
A. molecular death C. apparent death
B. somatic death D. state of suspended animationn

73. The following are signs of death EXCEPT one. Which one?
A. cessation of respiration C. cessation of heart function and
circulation
B. cooling of the body D. heating of the body

74. Change of color of the body after death when blood accumulates in the dependent
portion of the body is known as____.
A. Rigor mortis C. livor mortis
B. algor mortis D. cadaveric spasm

75. Molecular death is a kind of death where____.

A. there is loss of life of the individual cells of the body
B. It occurs immediately after death
C. It is usually pronounced by the physician
D. There is a transient loss of vital functions of the body

76. The elements of violent death are the following, EXCEPT one. Which one?
A. That the victim at the time the injuries were inflicted was in normal health
B. That death maybe expected from physical injuries
C. That death ensued within a reasonable time
D. That death ensued from a lingering illness

77. Which action of light that produces photographs?

A. Light reflection consists of the bouncing of light once it hits a certain object
B. Light absorption consists of absorbing the light by the object hit by it
C. Light refraction consists of bending of light when it hits the object
D. Light transmission consists of passing the light through the objects

78. Once light hits a certain medium, its action can be characterized as either :
1. light is transmitted
2. light is reflected
3. light is absorbed
4. light is produced
5. light is exterminated

A. 1, 2, 3 C. 2, 4
B. 1, 3, 5 D. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
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79. Other name for laser light is_______.
A. ultra-violet light C. coherent light
B. visible light D. guided light

80. Which light whose wavelength is either too short or too long to excite the retina
of the human eye?
A. visible C. invisible
B. natural D. artificial or man-made

81. In the examination of questioned documents, one of the suggested requirements for the
validity and reliability findings is contemporaneousness which means the standard
document must:
A. Be more than 5 years before and after
B. Not be more than 5 years before and after
C. Be more than 30 years
D. Be not more than 20 years

82. Among the following which is NOT a public documents?

A. Written official acts, or records of the official acts of the sovereign
authority, official bodies and tribunals and public officers, whether of the
Philippines, or of a foreign country.
C. Documents acknowledged before a notary public.
C. Last will and testaments.
D. Public records, kept in the Philippines, of private documents required by law to
be entered therein.

83. Stage of muscular change, which occurs 3-6 hours after death is_____.
A. livor mortis C. secondary flaccidity
B. algor mortis D. post-mortem rigidity

84. What was added in the Larson's polygraph machine by Leonarde keeler?
A. Keymograph C. galvanograph
B. cardiosphymograph D. pneumograph

85. The word Polygraph machine was derived from the Greek word "Poly" which means "many"
or "several" and the word "graph" which means "____".
A. drawing C. study
B. writing chart D. examination

86. Which of the following notion about polygraph machine is WRONG?

A. it is capable of detecting lies
B. it is incapable of drawing or interpreting any conclusions
C. it is a sensitive machine like an x-ray which needs interpretation
D. it is a potent aid in investigation

87. The Reed polygraph differs from the Keeler’s in the following respect EXCEPT:
A. An adjustable and portable chair is employed wherein metal bellows are
inserted in the chair arm rests.
B. The chair seat is directly attached to recording bellows in the machine to
form closed pneumatic systems.
C. Three additional recordings are made by this method
D. There is no need of using corrugated rubber tubing

88. An ancient method of detecting deception practice in Bengal, India where accused, to
prove his innocence would touch his tongue to an extremely hot metal.
A. boiling water ordeal C. red hot iron ordeal
B. ordeal of balance D. Ordeal of heat and fire

89. A scientific foundation of polygraph technique which states that among the
physiological changes that may be recorded and identified are those which may
automatically occur, only following the stimulation of these specific nervous system,
components, from which the stimulation of these specific nervous system components can be
reliably diagnosed.
A. mechanical leg basic premise
B. physiological leg basic premise
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C. psychological leg basic premise
D. psycho motor leg basic premise
90. Post mortem lividity or livor mortis is a very good basis for determining the___.
A. time of death C. position maintained by the body after
death
B. relative position of the assailant D. cause of death

91. The following are muscle changes after death EXCEPT:

A. primary flascidity C. rigor mortis
B. secondary flascidity D. post-mortem lividity

92. Rigor mortis is the stiffening of the body, which always to occur in case of death.
What is that condition characterized by spontaneous stiffening of certain group of
muscles?
A. heat stiffening C. cold stiffening
B. livor mortis D. cadaveric spasm

93. Before any private document can be offered in evidence, its authenticity and due
execution must be proved first. How?
1. By anyone who saw the document executed or written
2. By evidence of the genuineness of the signature or handwriting of the maker.
3. Ancient document
4. By expert opinion of a questioned document examiner whose expertise must be
duly proved first

A. 1 and 4 C. 1 and 2
B. 1, 2 and 4 D. 4 only

94. What is the classification of this document?

A. Commercial document C. Official document

B. Pubic document D. Legal document

95. What is the standard test used to determine whether the stain/blood is of human or
animal origin?

A. precipitin test C. confirmatory test

B. blood grouping test D. preliminary test

96. Any agent which neutralizes, opposes or counteracts posion or its effects is –

A. antidote C. aesthenic
B. tetanic D. exhaustive

97. When the ridge trace follows a bifurcation the tracing should proceed –
A. Along the upper line of bifurcation C. Along neither line of bifurcation
B. Along the lower line of bifurcation D. Along either line of bifurcation

98. Serial number of firearms is a very significant details for its identification. Under
certain condition,
serial numbers of firearms on metals can possibly be restored through –
A. density gradient test C. metallurgy
B. acid wash D. acid etching
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99. Which form of explosives that is basically composed of nitro-cellulose and
nitroglycerine either in single based or double based?
A. Black powder C. Primer
B. Smokeless D. Propellant

100. When an animal fiber is irradiated with ultra-violet rays, it exhibits –

A. Yellowish fluorescence C. Bluish fluorescence
B. Greenish fluorescence D. Orange fluorescence

-ooOoo-