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    Lecture 4

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    ghukato awomi
    1) Any two splitting fields of a collection of polynomials over a field k are isomorphic. Specifically, if L is a splitting field of f over k and L' is a splitting field of f' (where f' is obtained by applying an isomorphism of k to the coefficients of f), then there is an isomorphism from L to L' that extends the original isomorphism of k. 2) A field extension k ⊂ K is a splitting field if any irreducible polynomial over k that has a root in K completely splits in K. 3) Any subfield of a splitting field is the splitting field of the polynomial when considered over that subfield. Therefore, any homomorphism of the

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    Lecture 4

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    ghukato awomi
    18 views3 pages
    1) Any two splitting fields of a collection of polynomials over a field k are isomorphic. Specifically, if L is a splitting field of f over k and L' is a splitting field of f' (where f' is obtained by applying an isomorphism of k to the coefficients of f), then there is an isomorphism from L to L' that extends the original isomorphism of k. 2) A field extension k ⊂ K is a splitting field if any irreducible polynomial over k that has a root in K completely splits in K. 3) Any subfield of a splitting field is the splitting field of the polynomial when considered over that subfield. Therefore, any homomorphism of the

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    1) Any two splitting fields of a collection of polynomials over a field k are isomorphic. Specifically, if L is a splitting field of f over k and L' is a splitting field of f' (where f' is obtained by applying an isomorphism of k to the coefficients of f), then there is an isomorphism from L to L' that extends the original isomorphism of k. 2) A field extension k ⊂ K is a splitting field if any irreducible polynomial over k that has a root in K completely splits in K. 3) Any subfield of a splitting field is the splitting field of the polynomial when considered over that subfield. Therefore, any homomorphism of the

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    18 views3 pages

    Lecture 4

    Uploaded by

    ghukato awomi
    1) Any two splitting fields of a collection of polynomials over a field k are isomorphic. Specifically, if L is a splitting field of f over k and L' is a splitting field of f' (where f' is obtained by applying an isomorphism of k to the coefficients of f), then there is an isomorphism from L to L' that extends the original isomorphism of k. 2) A field extension k ⊂ K is a splitting field if any irreducible polynomial over k that has a root in K completely splits in K. 3) Any subfield of a splitting field is the splitting field of the polynomial when considered over that subfield. Therefore, any homomorphism of the

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    of 3

    LECTURE 4 : MORE ON SPLITTING FIELDS

    In the last lecture, we learned that splitting fields exist over k for
    any collection of polynomials from k[t]. Today we will see that any two
    splitting fields are isomorphic. Once again we will see a proof only in
    the case when the collection of polynomials we have is finite, which can
    be reduced to the case of a single polynomial.
    Proposition 1. Let us suppose we have an isomorphism of fields
    0
    φ:k→k
    0 0
    Let k ⊂ L be a splitting field of a polynomial f ∈ k[t] and k ⊂ L be
    0 0
    a splitting field for f = φ(f ) (i.e f is obtained by applying φ to the
    coefficients of f ). Then we have an isomorphism
    0
    ϕ:L→L
    such that
    ϕ |k = φ.
    The proof will utilize the following Lemma
    0
    Lemma 1. Let φ : k → k be an isomorphism of fields. Suppose
    0
    f ∈ k[t] is irreducible and f = φ(f ). If α is a root of f in some
    0 0 0
    extension k ⊂ K and β is a root of f in some extension k ⊂ K , then
    there exists an isomorphism
    0
    ϕ : k(α) → k (β), ϕ(α) = β, ϕ |k = φ
    Proof. The proof follows from combining the isomorphisms
    k[t]
    q1 : → k(α)
    hf i
    and 0
    k [t] 0
    q2 : 0 → k (β)
    hf i
    with φ, i.e
    ϕ := q2 ◦ φ ◦ q1−1
    
    Proof of Proposition 1. Let f0 be an irreducible factor of f with degree
    0 0
    atleast 2. Then we have f0 := φ(f ) is an irrducible factor of f . Let α
    1
    2 LECTURE 4 : MORE ON SPLITTING FIELDS
    0 0
    be a root of f0 in K and β a root of f0 in K . From Lemma 1, we can
    extend the isomorphism φ to an isomorphism
    0
    ψ : k(α) → k (β)
    which extends φ and ψ(α) = β. Now note that if we consider f and
    0 0
    f as polynomials over k(α) and k(β), then L and L are respectively
    0
    splitting fields of f and f over k(α) and k(β) respectively. But we
    have
    [L : k(α)] < [L : k]
    Thus we can complete the proof by inducting on the degree of the
    splitting field. 
    Let us state without proof the following
    Proposition 2. The statement of Proposition 1 holds true even in the
    case of arbitrary family of polynomials {fi }i∈I .
    We would now like to understand if we can characterize those ex-
    tensions of k which are splitting fields. To begin with let us prove the
    following using ideas we have already seen
    Lemma 2. Let k ⊂ K be a splitting field of some polynomial f ∈ k[t].
    Consider a subfield k ⊂ L ⊂ K. If Ω is an algebraically closed field
    containing k, then any k-homomorphism
    µ:L→Ω
    can be extended to a k-homomorphism
    µ̃ : K → Ω
    Proof. Note that if we think of f a a polynomial over L, then K is the
    0 0
    splitting field of f over L as well. Now let L = µ(L) and K be the
    0
    subfield generated by roots of f over L . Then from Proposition 1, we
    get an isomorphism
    0
    ϕ:K→K
    which extends µ and thus we are done. 
    Corollary 1. If h ∈ k[t] is an irreducible polyomial, which has a root
    in K, then h splits in K[t].
    Proof. Let Ω = K. Now let α be a root of h in K and β be any other
    root of h in K. Then from Lemma 1, we can get an isomorphism
    µ : k(α) → k(β), µ |k = Idk
    From Lemma 2, we can extend µ to a homomorphism
    µ̃ : K → K
    LECTURE 4 : MORE ON SPLITTING FIELDS 3

    Since K is generated over k by roots of f , so does µ̃(K). But then we


    must have µ̃(K) = K. Thus we must have β ∈ K. Thus in particular
    all the roots of h in K infact lies in K and hence h splits in K[t]. 
    Lemma 3. Conversely an algebraic field extension k ⊂ K is a splitting
    field if K has the property that any irreducible polynomial that has a
    root in K splits in K.
    Proof. clear 

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