The document reviews 13 studies on various aspects of hydrogen production, storage, transportation and use. It discusses technologies for producing hydrogen from renewable and non-renewable resources like biomass and water. Some studies analyze the costs and efficiency of different production methods while others examine infrastructure and storage options needed for a global hydrogen economy. The document provides an overview of the current research landscape on developing hydrogen as a clean energy carrier.
The document reviews 13 studies on various aspects of hydrogen production, storage, transportation and use. It discusses technologies for producing hydrogen from renewable and non-renewable resources like biomass and water. Some studies analyze the costs and efficiency of different production methods while others examine infrastructure and storage options needed for a global hydrogen economy. The document provides an overview of the current research landscape on developing hydrogen as a clean energy carrier.
The document reviews 13 studies on various aspects of hydrogen production, storage, transportation and use. It discusses technologies for producing hydrogen from renewable and non-renewable resources like biomass and water. Some studies analyze the costs and efficiency of different production methods while others examine infrastructure and storage options needed for a global hydrogen economy. The document provides an overview of the current research landscape on developing hydrogen as a clean energy carrier.
The document reviews 13 studies on various aspects of hydrogen production, storage, transportation and use. It discusses technologies for producing hydrogen from renewable and non-renewable resources like biomass and water. Some studies analyze the costs and efficiency of different production methods while others examine infrastructure and storage options needed for a global hydrogen economy. The document provides an overview of the current research landscape on developing hydrogen as a clean energy carrier.
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4.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
1. The pressure to achieve climate targets has risen in the last two years. In regards to toughening climate targets and calling for net-zero achievement by 2045, there have been discussions about how to put these goals into action and make them a reality. Hydrogen has emerged as a promising climate-neutral energy carrier. As a result, in the last 1.5 years, more than 25 countries have released hydrogen roadmaps. Moreover, a number of studies have been published by various authorities to aid in the development of a hydrogen economy this paper covers all the aspects related to it.
2. Using hydrogen to store energy is a promising green alternative. As a result, there is a
strong desire to examine the current state of the various storage options. This paper focuses on three types of large-scale compressed hydrogen storage options: storage vessels, geological storage, and other underground storage alternatives. We investigated a wide range of compressed hydrogen storage technologies in this study, discussing their theory of operation, potential, and challenges in great detail. The analysis confirms the need for a techno-economic chain analysis to assess the viability of one storage option over another on a case-by-case basis. Some of the discussed technologies are in their infancy; however, this does not rule them out; rather, it depicts the research opportunities in the field.
3. This paper examines hydrogen production processes and associated technologies for their interconnection and reliance on the other corners of the hydrogen square. Despite the fact that hydrogen is a zero-carbon-emission energy at the point of use, it is dependent on the cleanness of the production pathway and the energy used to produce it. As a result, ensuring hydrogen origin is critical if hydrogen is to be considered clean energy. For further investigation and development, an innovative model is presented as a hydrogen cleanness index coding.
4. This paper compares various non-renewable and renewable hydrogen production
systems in terms of system design, cost, global warming potential (GWP), infrastructure, and efficiency. It also discusses the major issues and opportunities affiliated with hydrogen production, storage, transportation, and distribution, as well as commercial-scale deployment.
5. Green hydrogen (H2) is being touted as a possible clean energy carrier of the future. While significant research has been conducted on global renewable (and non- renewable) hydrogen generation costs, research on its transportation costs, regardless of production method, remains limited. The various forms in which hydrogen can be transported, the limited experience to date in shipping some of these carrier forms, the potential trade routes involved, and the use of different shipping fuels are all complications. T his paper presents an open-source model that was created to help stakeholders assess the costs of shipping various forms of hydrogen over various routes. It includes liquid hydrogen (LH2), ammonia, liquefied natural gas (LNG), methanol, and liquid organic hydrogen carriers for hydrogen transport (LOHCs).
6. Green hydrogen (H2)-powered aircraft are a climate-reduction tool for the aviation industry. As a result, the purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of previous efforts and to introduce a method for assessing the importance of an H2 infrastructure for aviation. A short- and medium-range aircraft have been modeled and modified for H2 propulsion.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319921043184 7. In the transportation industry, fuel cell devices are gradually replacing internal combustion engines. This paper discusses some notable PEMFC technology challenges. High costs, low durability, and hydrogen storage issues are among the major challenges being investigated in this study. The article investigates the recent advancements in electric cars technology and their technical specification. The study also examines the characteristics and innovations of the three types of electric vehicles currently on the market.
8. To achieve gradual but timely decarbonization of the transportation sector, it is
critical to assess which vehicle types provide adequate environmental performance while allowing the use of hydrogen as a fuel. This study compares the environmental life-cycle performance of three types of hydrogen-powered passenger cars: a fuel cell electric vehicle, an internal combustion engine vehicle, and a hybrid electric vehicle. In addition, two vehicles that run on hydrogen mixed with natural gas or gasoline were considered. Hydrogen produced by wind power electrolysis was assumed in all cases. The resulting life-cycle profiles were compared to those of a compressed natural gas vehicle and a hybrid electric vehicle powered by natural gas.
9. This paper provides a comprehensive review of various processes and potential
sources of hydrogen production. The various hydrogen production processes reviewed include industrial processes such as steam reforming, thermal cracking, partial oxidation of fossil fuels, coal gasification, electrolysis, thermochemical, and so on, as well as new emerging processes such as photolysis, photovoltaic electrolysis, photochemical, photobiological, and pyrolysis, among others.
10. This paper examines current hydrogen (H2) production technologies from both fossil and renewable biomass resources, including reforming (steam, partial oxidation, autothermal, plasma, and aqueous phase) and pyrolysis. Other methods for producing hydrogen (for example, electrolysis of water) and purification methods, such as desulfurization and water-gas shift reactions, are also discussed. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/cpis/2013/690627/
11. Hydrogen is a proven efficient energy carrier that can be obtained from both renewable and nonrenewable resources. This study provides an overview of renewable hydrogen production sources that focuses on water splitting (electrolysis, thermolysis, and photolysis) and biomass (biological and thermochemical) mechanisms. The limitations associated with these mechanisms are discussed. The study also looks at some critical factors that are impeding the global expansion of the hydrogen economy.
12. This study examines various technologies for producing hydrogen from renewable and nonrenewable resources. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of renewable-based technologies is performed to determine which technologies are more economically and energetically promising. The findings show that biomass-based technologies produce comparable hydrogen yields to water-based technologies, but with higher energy efficiencies and lower operational costs. More specifically, biomass gasification and steam reforming achieved a proper balance of the studied parameters, with gasification allowing for higher hydrogen yields and steam reforming being more energy-efficient. Nonetheless, the use of hydrogen as the future energy vector necessitates the use of both renewable feedstocks and a sustainable energy source. This combination has the potential to generate green hydrogen while lowering carbon dioxide emissions, limiting global climate change, and achieving the so-called hydrogen economy.
13. This study provides an overview of the current state of hydrogen production in relation to global energy and resource requirements. Following that, it symmetrically outlines the benefits and drawbacks of various production routes, such as fossil fuel/biomass conversion, water electrolysis, microbial fermentation, and photocatalysis (PC), in terms of technology, economy, energy consumption, and costs. Given the characteristics of hydrogen energy and current infrastructure issues, onsite production is essential and convenient for some special occasions.
