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Intro To Computing I 2

The document defines a computer and its basic components and functions. It explains that a computer includes hardware, operating system software, application software, and peripheral devices. It then classifies computers by size from supercomputers to personal computers. The four basic functions of a computer are defined as input, processing, output, and storage. Examples are provided for each function and the hardware/devices that enable them, such as keyboards for input, the CPU for processing, monitors for output, and hard drives for storage.

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62 views33 pages

Intro To Computing I 2

The document defines a computer and its basic components and functions. It explains that a computer includes hardware, operating system software, application software, and peripheral devices. It then classifies computers by size from supercomputers to personal computers. The four basic functions of a computer are defined as input, processing, output, and storage. Examples are provided for each function and the hardware/devices that enable them, such as keyboards for input, the CPU for processing, monitors for output, and hard drives for storage.

Uploaded by

Havy Tj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTING

FUNDAMENTALS
Mr. JOVANY B. CASTILLO
Lesson Objectives
At the end of today’s lesson, you should be able to

▪ Define what is computer


▪ Classify computers by size and usage
▪ List four functions of computing
▪ Explain examples of four functions of computing
What is a Computer?
A computer is a device or system that includes

Operating
Application
Hardware System Peripherals Users
Software
Software

Hardware refers Is a software that performs a Peripheral devices referred to as an


to the computer's enables applications specific function are those devices end user,
tangible to interact with a for a user that connect to the
components computer's core computing unit.
hardware.
Computer uses and classifications

Super computers
Size Mainframes
Mini Computers
Personal Computers
Laptops, Smart phones

Speed
Super Computers

Main Frame
Mini Computers

Personal Computers
Computer classifications and uses

General Purpose
Computers perform day to day user input and output task
Computer classifications and uses

Special Purpose
Computers perform specific functions
Input

Processing
Functions of Computing
Computer Perform four basic functions Output

Storage
Input
Is the function that gets data into the computer by

▪ Typing or tapping a message on a keyboard


▪ Using a voice command
▪ Clicking the send button for email
▪ Entering programming commands
Processing
Interprets and manipulates incoming data during this stage.

During processing, computers can

▪ Download an app, document or photo


▪ Move data from one drive to another
▪ Perform programming task or and computations
▪ Change data into usable formats such as email, documents or
photographs
Processing device examples

CPU
referred to as a processor, central processor, or
microprocessor, the CPU (pronounced sea-pea-you)
is the central processing unit of the computer.

For example, the CPU processed the instructions to


use a web browser to open and display this web
page on your computer.

The CPU is often referred to as the brain of the computer.


Video card
Alternatively known as a display
adapter, graphics card, video
adapter, video board, or video controller,
a video card is an expansion card that
connects to a computer motherboard.

It is used to create a picture on a display;


without a video card, you would not be
able to see this page.
Motherboard
Is a printed circuit board and foundation of
a computer that is the biggest board in a
computer chassis.

It allocates power and allows


communication to and between the CPU,
RAM and all other computer hardware
components.
Network Interface card
NIC is also referred to as an Ethernet
card and network adapter.

A NIC is a computer expansion card for


connecting to a network (e.g., home
network or Internet) using an Ethernet cable
with an RJ-45 connector.
Sound card
Also referred to as an audio output
device, sound board, or audio card.

A sound card is an expansion card or IC for


producing sound on a computer that can
be heard through speakers or headphones.

Although the computer doesn't need a


sound card, it's included on every machine
as either in an expansion slot or built into the
montherboard.
Video card
Also known as a display adapter, graphics
card, video adapter, video board, or video
controller, a video card is an expansion card
that connects to a computer motherboard.

It's a piece of hardware inside your computer


that processes images and video, some of the
tasks normally handled by the CPU.

Video cards are used by gamers in place of


integrated graphics due to their extra processing
power and video RAM.
Output
Is the information that is display on a screen or prints on paper as a result of a
particular program.

The output may be audio, video, hard copy – printed paper, etc. Output devices
convert the computer data to human understandable form.

We give input to the computer using input devices and the computer performs
operations on the data and displays the output to the user using the output
device.
Output Device Example

Monitor

The monitor is an output device that displays


the output in the form of images on a digital
screen.

CRT – The CRT or cathode ray tube is the structure behind


the screen. That helps to display characters and images on
the monitor.
Printers

Printers are another peripheral device


used as output devices. The output
from the computer is achieved on
paper from the printer.
Headphone

The audio or the sound produced by


the computer is in the form of electric
signals.
Projector

The projector is an output device, that


is used to project the image displayed
on the computer monitor on a large
wall or screen.
Storage
Storage is a process through which digital data is
saved within a data storage device by means of
computing technology.

Storage is a mechanism that enables a computer to


retain data, either temporarily or permanently.
Storage Device Example
Three types of media used to store computer data:

1. Magnetic Storage
2. Optical Storage
3. Solid State Storage
1. Magnetic Storage
Is one of the most common types of storage used with computers.

▪ A floppy drive, also called FDD or FD for short, is a


computer disk drive that enables a user to save data
to removable diskettes.

▪ A hard disk drive (sometimes abbreviated as a hard


drive, HD, or HDD) is a non-volatile data storage
device. It is usually installed internally in a computer,
attached directly to the disk controller of the
computer’s motherboard.
▪ A magnetic card is a card containing either
a magnetic strip or a magnetic object in the card,
encoded with digital data.

▪ A tape is a magnetically tin coated piece of plastic


wrapped around wheels capable of storing data.
2. Optical Storage
Uses lasers and lights as its method of reading and writing data.

▪ Blu-ray disc, BD or BD-ROM, is an optical disc format


developed by thirteen consumer electronics and PC
companies.

▪ Compact Disc Read-Only Memory, a CD-ROM is an optical


disc containing audio or software data whose memory is
read only.

▪ Alternatively referred to as a cd writer, CD-WO (write once),


or WORM (write once read many), CD-R is short for Compact
Disc-Recordable. It's a writable disc and drive capable of
having information written to the disc once and read many
times.
2. Solid State Storage
A type of computer storage media that stores data electronically and has no moving
parts.

▪ USB flash drive, data stick, pen drive, memory unit, keychain drive,
and thumb drive, a jump drive is a portable storage device. It is
often the size of a human thumb (hence the name), and connects
to a computer via a USB port.

▪ flash memory card or Memory card is a type of storage media that


is often used to store photos, videos, or other data in electronic
devices.

▪ Secure Digital Card or SD card is one of the more common types of


memory cards used with electronics.
▪ Solid-State Drive or SSD is a storage medium that uses
non-volatile memory to hold and access data. Unlike a
hard drive, an SSD has no moving parts, which gives it
advantages, such as faster access time, noiseless
operation, higher reliability, and lower power
consumption.
Thank you!
References :
https://www.ictcertified.com/assets/documents/ICT_Essentials_v1.0_SampleChapter.pdf

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/procdevi.htm

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-are-different-output-devices/

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