INTRODUCTION

The term 'nutraceutical' was coined from 'nutrition' and 'pharmaceutical'

in 1989 by DeFelice and was originally defined as „a food (or part of the
food) that provides medical or health benefits, including the prevention
and/or treatment of a disease (Kalra EK, 2003).
A nutraceutical may be a naturally nutrient- rich food such as spirulina,
garlic, soy or a specific component of a food like omega-3 oil from
salmon. They are also known as medical foods, nutritional supplements
and dietary supplements. It ranges from isolated nutrients, dietary
supplements, genetically engineered „designer‟ foods, herbal products,
and processed products such as cereals and soups. They have received
considerable interest because of their presumed safety and potential
nutritional and therapeutic effects (Rajesekaran A et al., 2008). The role
of dietary active compounds in human nutrition is one of the
most important areas of investigation with the findings having
wide‐ranging implications for consumers, healthcare providers, regulators
and industry (Bagchi D, 2006). Foods and nutrients play a vital role in
the normal functioning of the body. They help to maintain the health of the
individual and to reduce the risk of various diseases. Worldwide
acceptance of this fact formed a recognition link between "nutrition" and
"health", and thus the concept of "nutraceuticals" evolved (Rama CS et
al., 2006

Classification of Nutraceuticals
The food sources used as nutraceuticals are all natural and can be
categorized as
1. Dietary Fiber
2. Probiotics
3. Prebiotics
4. Polyunsaturated fatty acids
5. Antioxidant vitamin
6. Polyphenols
7. Spices (kalia AN, 2005)

Dietary fiber
Dietary fiber (DF) consists of non-digestible carbohydrates and lignins
that are intrinsic and intact in plants. Functional fiber (FF) consists of
isolated, non-digestible carbohydrates that have beneficial physiological
effects in humans as shown in table-1. Total fiber is the sum of dietary
and functional fiber. These definitions broaden the category and allow
resistant starches, oligosaccharides and other non-digestible carbohydrates
to be classified as functional fibers. The adequate intake for fiber defined
by the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) is 38 grams/day for adult men and
25 grams/day for adult women.

DIETARY

There was insufficient evidence to set a tolerable upper intake level for

dietary or functional fiber. It's only been since about the mid-1990s that
people have wanted to know more about probiotics and their health
benefits. Doctors often suggest them to help with digestive problems. And
because of their newfound fame, you can find them in everything from
yogurt to chocolate.
PROBIOTIC
are live bacteria and yeasts that are good for your health, especially your
digestive system. We usually think of bacteria as something that causes
diseases. But your body is full of bacteria, both good and bad.
Probiotics are often called "good" or "helpful" bacteria because they
help keep your gut healthy. Probiotics are naturally found in your body.
You can also find them in some foods and supplements

Lactobacillus
This may be the most common probiotic. It‟s the one you‟ll find in
yogurt and other fermented foods. Different strains can help with diarrhea
and may help with people who can‟t digest lactose, the sugar in milk.
Bifido bacterium
 You can also find it in some dairy products. It may help ease the
symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and some other
conditions.
 Probiotics help move food through your gut. Researchers are still
trying to figure out which are best for certain health problems.
Some common conditions they treat are:
 Irritable bowel syndrome
 Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
 Infectious diarrhea (caused by viruses, bacteria, or
 Parasites
 Antibiotic-related diarrhea
 There is also some research to show they help with problems in
other parts of your body. For example, some people say they have
helped with:
 Skin conditions, like eczema
  Urinary and vaginal health

NUTRACEUTICALS AND DISEASES

1.CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Anti-oxidants, Dietary fibres, Omega-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids,

Vitamins, minerals for prevention andtreatment of CVD. Polyphenol(in
grape) prevent and control arterial diseases Flavonoids (in onion,
vegetables, grapes, red wine, apples, and cherries) block the ACE and
strengthen the tiny capillaries that carry oxygen and essential nutrients
to all cells. Rice bran lowers the serum cholesterol levels in the blood,
lowers the level of (LDL) and increases the level (HDL) in
cardiovascular health. Higher the ratio more will be the risk of coronary
heart diseases. Rice bran contains both Lutein and Zeaxanthin, which
improves eyesight and reduces the chance of
cataracts. The essential fatty acids, omega-3, omega-6, omega-9 and
folic acid in rice bran are also promoting eye health. It is reported that
low intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with a high mortality
in CVD (Temple WJ et al., 2003; Vyasl LK et al., 2010).

Diet related diseases

In Western societies, the incidence of diet-related diseases is progressively

increasing due to greater availability of hyper caloric food and a sedentary
lifestyle. Obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and neurodegeneration are
major diet-related pathologies that share a common pathogenic
denominator of low-grade inflammation. Functional foods and
nutraceuticals may represent a novel therapeutic approach to prevent or
attenuate diet-related disease in view of their ability to exert anti-
inflammatory responses. In particular, activation of intestinal T
regulatory cells and homeostatic regulation of the gut microbiota have
the potential to reduce low-grade inflammation in diet-related diseases.

Heart attack and lung cancer

Corn‟s contribution to heart health lies not just in its fiber, but in the
significant amounts of folate that corn supplies. Corn maintains the
homocysteine, an intermediate product is an important metabolic
process called the methylation cycle. Homocysteine is directly
responsible for damage of blood vessel heart attack, stroke, or
peripheral vascular disease. It has been estimated that consumption of
100% of the daily value (DV) of folate would, by itself, reduce the
number of heart attacks suffered by 10%. Corn also contains
cryptoxanthin, a natural carotenoid pigment. It has been found that
cryptoxanthin can reduce the risk of lung cancer of 27% on daily
consumption

Diabetes

Ethyl esters of n-3 fatty acids may be beneficial in diabetic patients.

Docosahexaenoic acid modulates insulin resistance and is also vital for
neurovisual development. Lipoic acid, an antioxidant, for treatment of
diabetic neuropathy. Dietary fibers from psyllium have been used for
glucose control in diabetic patients and to
reduce lipid levels in hyperlipidemia.
Obesity
defined as accumulation of unhealthy amount of body fat. It is a well-
established risk factor for many disorders like angina pectoris, congestive
heart failure (CHF), hypertension, hyperlipidemia, respiratory disorders,
renal vein thrombosis, osteoarthritis, cancer and reduced fertility (Caterson
ID et al., 2002).

Cancer

which block the enzymes that

produce estrogen reducesthe estrogen-induced cancers. Prevent
prostate/breast cancer a broad range of phyto-pharmaceuticals with a
claimed hormonal activity, called “phytoestrogens” is recommended.
Soyfoods source of isoflavones, curcumin from curry and soya
isoflavones possess cancer chemopreventive properties. Lycopene
concentrates in the skin, testes, adrenal and prostate where
it protects against cancer.

Anti-inflammatory activities

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) which is a polyphenol of turmeric

possesses anticarcinogenic, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory
properties. Top of Form Beet roots, cucumber fruits, spinach leaves,
and turmeric rhizomes, were reported to possess anti-tumor
activity. Gamma linolenic acid (found in green leafy vegetables, nuts,
vegetable oils i.e. evening primrose oil, blackcurrant seed oil and hemp
seed oil, and from spirulina, cyanobacteria) are used for treating
problems with inflammation and auto-immune diseases.
Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate are used against osteoarthritis and
regulate gene expression and synthesis of PGE2Cat‟s claw acts as a
potent anti-inflammatory agent. The two known species of cat‟s claw are
Uncaria guianensis, used traditionally for wound healing; and Uncaria
tomentosa, which has numerous medicinal uses & is most commonly found
in supplements. Cat‟s claw is a rich source of phytochemicals 17
alkaloids, glycosides, tannins flavonoids, sterol fractions and other
compounds.

THE HISTORY OF THE TERM FUNCTIONAL FOODS

The term functional foods, and later “nutraceutical” was first coined in
Japan in the early 1980s. Functional foods overlap with other terms
alongside nutraceuticals, and include “vitafoods”, “medical foods”,
“probiotics”, and “pharmafoods”.

Today, functional foods cover a wide variety of food types and are
considered to be those that are fortified, enriched, or enhanced foods; it is by
way of enhanced nutritional profiles that these foods provide health benefits
that go beyond providing essential nutrients (vitamins and minerals) when
they are consumed at a threshold amount as part of a varied diet, regularly.

Japan is also the first country to have devised a specific regulatory approval
process for functional foods. The term food for specified health use
(FOSHU) was coined and established in 1991. This concept then rapidly
expanded to different parts of the world.

Subsequently, there is a great variation across the world with regards to the
regulation of functional foods, and they have not been well established.
There are also distinct differences in the approach to functional foods
between legislators across the world.

Digestion, Nutrition, and PTSD

Stress and trauma affect all aspects of physical function: blood glucose
levels, brain metabolism, energy, and altered brain structures where neurons
misfire or fail to communicate. When stress dysregulates digestion, it leads
to a cascade of events affecting mood, cognition, sleep, and immune
function. Parasympathetic activity governs digestion, which explains why in
PTSD and complex trauma, there is at least 1 associated digestive problem.

In sympathetic arousal, the head hurts, the stomach aches, and the intestines
are too active or immobilized by fear. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) often
co-occurs with traumatic stress, and chronic gut distress can lead to
PTSD.6 Similarly, there is a causal chain that links childhood abuse,
dissociation, and somatization with IBS.7

These often-explicable somatic symptoms represent a complex

neuroimmunomodulatory communication system between the gut and the
brain. Gut bacteria regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)
axis8 and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) via the vagus nerve,9 which reduces
anxiety and depression.

Patients should consider increasing healthy intestinal bacteria by eating

fermented foods (eg, yogurt, kefir, kimchee, kombucha, sauerkraut, and
stink eggs) or via supplementation with high-dose probiotics. Probiotics
have been associated with pain reduction, suggesting an anti-inflammatory
effect.10
is a broad term referring to a food or a part of food that provides
incremental medical and health benefits, including the prevention and
treatment of disease. It can be broadly categorized into dietary supplements
and functional foods & beverages.

NUTRACEUTICALS CREATING AMPLE OPPORTUNITIES

FOR PHARMACEUTICAL & FOOD COMPANIES TO
DIVERSIFY

The pharmaceutical companies consider ‘Nutrition’ as a lucrative

opportunity where they can leverage their existing strengths to establish
their foothold in the market. The pharmaceutical companies possess
extensive research capabilities, experience in clinical trials, have close
established relationships with medical practitioners to help drive uptake, and
have access to scientific databases & capabilities to create complementing
nutrition solutions centered around their existing drugs that can enhance
medical outcomes in the patient pool.

Citing the lucrative prospects of the nutraceuticals market, several key

pharmaceutical companies such as Pfizer, Bayer, Ots1uka Pharmaceutical,
and Abbott, among others have entered the market.

Similarly, Food and FMCG companies such as Nestlé, Danone, and Amway
have recognized the potential for nutraceuticals in their portfolios. They are
increasingly leveraging their expertise in nutrition science, taste, flavouring
& variable formats, packaging in short periods, market research, consumer
marketing & advertising, branding, and strong relationships with retailers
and distributors to establish their foothold in the market.

“The paradigm shift in healthcare from treatment to prevention

is providing momentum to the nutraceuticals market. The transition has
urged patients and clients to think differently about health and disease,
which has created opportunities for pharmaceutical and food companies to
get involved in the disease/care pathway.”-Chair of Infectious Diseases,
Public Research University, London, UK

COVID-19 IMPACT ON GLOBAL NUTRACEUTICALS MARKET

Driven by the news that Vitamin D supplementation may reduce the risk of
COVID-19 complications, the demand for vitamins and supplements soared
high. Research studies also suggested Vitamin D as a potent immune-
modifying micronutrient and advocated supplementation and called on
governments to increase the recommended levels. This further boosted the
demand for vitamins, minerals, and herbal supplements, which in turn
amplified the nutraceuticals market.

The demand for dietary supplements and functional food and beverages
continues to rise as a preventive measure against Covid-19 due to
consumers’ inclination toward better health and wellbeing. Due to the
increasing awareness about chronic diseases, health & preventive measures,
the role of immunity, and dietary supplements, the demand for
nutraceuticals is expected to stay for a longer period.

NUTRACEUTICALS - POTENTIAL REVENUE HOT SPOTS

To address the rising burden of dementia, neurodegenerative brain diseases

such as Alzheimer’s, gut health issues, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and
diabetes, nutraceutical manufacturers are continuously striving to launch
products that can improve cognitive function, gluten & lactose-free
products, products that can lower cholesterol & support a healthy heart and
products that can serve as a sugar substitute for diabetics. A rich pipeline of
such products is likely to fuel the global nutraceuticals market.
Product Innovations are Driving the Nutraceuticals Market

The nutraceuticals market is technology-driven and is marked by constant

product enhancements and innovations. For instance,

ORGANIC AND INORGANIC GROWTH STRATEGIES

ADOPTED BY LEADING PLAYERS TO ESTABLISH
THEIR STRONG FOOTHOLD IN
THE NUTRACEUTICALS MARKET

The nutraceuticals market is marked by the presence of both established and

new players. Players operating in the market adopt both organic and
inorganic growth strategies such as acquisitions, and new product launches
to garner market share. For instance,

FUTURE OUTLOOK OF GLOBAL NUTRACEUTICALS

MARKET

The nutraceuticals market is expected to gain further momentum in the

coming years as a significant proportion of the global population is Vitamin
D deficient, rising awareness about Vitamin D benefits in bone & joint
health, lifestyle disorders management & general health, venturing of
pharmaceutical & food companies in the nutraceuticals market, the
increasing role of consulting online medicine portals and websites of
international organizations in raising awareness about the health benefits of
nutraceuticals and rising participation of athletes at national and
international sports events.

COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS: NUTRACEUTICALS

MARKET
The global nutraceuticals market is marked by the presence of established
market players such as Archer Daniels Midland Company, Herbalife
Nutrition, Amway, Nestlé Health Science, Danone, Pfizer, Bayer, Universal
NutriScience, and Innophos, and AOR Canada, among others.

NUTRACEUTICALS MARKET GROWTH DRIVERS 2022,

INDUSTRY SHARE SIZE, GLOBAL DEMAND, EMERGING
TRENDS, OPPORTUNITIES, KEY PLAYERS STRATEGIES
AND SWOT ANALYSIS 2028

The Nutraceuticals market report incorporates a comparative analysis of the

historical and present data to determine the overall industry valuation and
other related variables over 2022-2028. It further explores crucial factors
shaping the industry dynamics such as growth determinants, opportunities,
and key restraints.

The top competitors in the market, as highlighted in the report, are:

- Amway
- INFINITUS
- Herbalife Nutrition
- DEEJ
- Usana
- Blackmores
- PERFECT (CHINA)
- Swisse
- China New Era Group
- By-health
- Suntory
- Pfizer
- Beijing Tong Ren Tang
- Shanghai Pharma
- TIENS
- GNC
- Real Nutriceutical
- Southernature

Market Segmentation:
Segment by Type
- Weight Management
- Vitamins and Dietary Supplements
- Other
Segment by Application
- Children/Teenagers
- Men
- Women
- Pregnant Women
- Elderly

Functional products – functions and benefits

Bioactive compounds are a typical hallmark present in significant quantities

in functional foods. Broadly speaking, these include foods enriched with
dietary fiber, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, as well as
those supplemented with probiotics and prebiotics, those capable of
lowering cholesterol, for example. The table below summarises a range of
functional products and their effects on the body:

Ingredient Functional product Functions

 Lowers
concentration of
Oat, brown, grits, blood glucose (4
and flour – including g/day of β-glucan
any products derived from cereals) and
from them such as cholesterol (3g of
oatmeal, cereal, and soluble dietary
bread; fruit jams, fiber from oats),
cured sausages, and reduces
Dietary fiber fish products; constipation
fermented milk symptoms
drinks (threshold
contain Lactobacillus quantities include
plantarum, and those containing
wholegrain oat; fruit 8.3 g of
drinks with oat β- fermentable fiber
glucans. and 9.7 g of
nonfermentable
fiber per 100 g).

Oil; margarine; Omega-3 FA (>2

bread; pasta; milk- g/day) has been
Omega-3
based drinks; shown to lower the
polyunsaturated
chocolate; and concentration of
fatty acids
supplemented fruit blood triglycerides
(PUFA)
juices (those as well as produce
supplemented with hypotensive and
docosahexaenoic arhythmic effects.
 acid & Supplementation
eicosapentaenoic of DHA and EPA
acid) may also improve
health and aid in
nerve cell
membrane
regeneration; This
can slow down the
aging of the brain
and prevent
dementia

Phytoestrogens
have some weak
Miso; tempeh; tofu; estrogenic effects
soy-based products which can help aid
such as milk; oil; symptoms of
imitation meat; menopause; this
Phytoestrogens cereal bars; whole- can subsequently
grain cereal improve
products; and bread hyperglycemia,
that contain rye and glucose tolerance
flaxseed as well as
circulating insulin
concentration

Fortified breakfast Are thought today

Natural
cereals; milk-based the onset of
antioxidants drinks; margarine; cardiovascular and
and fortified pasta neurological
diseases, cataracts,
some types of
cancer, and some
non-
communicable
diseases

Probiotics can
influence and
regulate the
immune system as
Vegetable juices; well as improve
cheeses; ice cream; immune function.
frozen dessert; They are also
Probiotics and
fermented dairy instrumental in the
prebiotics—
products such as treatment of
fructans, inulin,
yogurt; kefir; and constipation,
and resistant
buttermilk; diarrhea, and the
starch
fermented fruit; management of
kombucha; and irritable bowel
fermented meats diseases such as
Crohn's disease as
well as irritable
bowel syndrome
and diverticular
disease. Prebiotics
 such as fructans
can also facilitate
the maintenance of
good bacteria and
facilitate
absorption of
calcium, iron,
copper,
magnesium, and
phosphorus (4-
8g/day of fructans)

Lutein can react

with free radicals
and protect low-
density
lipoproteins
against oxidative
Carotenoids— Eggs and eggs processes. These
lutein and products; canned are associated with
zeaxanthin corn; cornmeal the risk of
atherosclerosis and
ischemic heart
disease;
carotenoids,
especially lutein
(≥4 mg/day), are
essential in the
 prevention
(prophylaxis) of
age-related sight
deterioration

Plant sterols (0.8

g/d) or stanols (1–
Margarine, yogurt, 3 g/d) decrease
cream cheese, yogurt total blood
drinks, mature cholesterol
cheeses, milk-based between 5-11%
Plant sterols and drinks, meat and LDL by 16%.
stanols products, soy or rice- Stanols can lower
based drinks, sources thrombocytes
for salads, rye bread, aggregation which
chocolate, and is associated with
mayonnaise the reduction of
total cholesterol
and LDL
REFRENCE

SINGH, Jagtar; SINHA, Shweta. Classification, regulatory acts and

applications of nutraceuticals for health. International Journal of Pharma
and Bio Sciences, 2012, 2.1: 177-187

McClements, David Julian, Fang Li, and Hang Xiao. "The nutraceutical
bioavailability classification scheme: classifying nutraceuticals according to
factors limiting their oral bioavailability." Annual review of food science and
technology 6 (2015): 299-327..

McClements, D. J., Li, F., & Xiao, H. (2015). The nutraceutical

bioavailability classification scheme: classifying nutraceuticals according to
factors limiting their oral bioavailability. Annual review of food science and
technology, 6, 299-327.