a le Weed ct [4 ey 18/0 [2020 . Diet System and Binoy Kamer : “Dk Fal, : TN System are used in communeakion 7 eualney , tractor | a Condo,» medical tbreatimen be , weather mepitering. i i ‘ . met and nays othevg Be and — © Binoy die called a. Lie Co, 35 ©4 bi MUP oof bHK ‘cated Pinan cole, : * Number System | AL phyticat a Bier whose behawiour & deesbed bay veedthomedica, eqwations ig plimdaked tn a git Computer by meang of number dyetem - ‘ TH ony mumber Aytem , there Ye an videred det of Rgmbole Vwi on digits | there. are two types of number dypten § by Weighted. Yuynbere Bytes Cfogitional Number Syitem ) GD Non welgted. number Byctem (nan- paiitonel, rum ber Sate) % Roxitional. Number Sate } The. porttion of each LUPE of @ number box heme poiitfonal Webber + 2g, Binary ; octal ; declmal jheradestmal, , BLD, eke , 3 _Non- Poattonal- Hhonal. muwber System! Th a non- positional number Bygtem a digit deca wot “indice avy Blanificane in popition, ond Weight. a4 Crary Coda ; EXOs —3 Code . > Radix o¥ bare. ofa nunber Rather “nip be an Inbeger and qraler than 1.ms s Sadly digi ted | To atecthe dallowing umber yienp are ob test We SEETL Ape ® Decimal. vuunber System f . i ® Binary number System ae 5 @® deda. namber Sytem @B Heradectmal’ number Septem D Deelmal. roy gystem | : for ol UCT pace hie | The decimal, wo. fystem bet 20 tymbele fe that S the radie iy. | bege of this hn. bystem Ie do. The 10 dymbola are — Op 2 2, fc 6 ob : Lb ih, a eta a we we at coy L>Froctonal part point Se | 434.29) 5 2D ax0™ + BX dob 4 aKa + ex! E ease D._Biramy wr gate f° : The bae of binary number Byatem Ie bun, daly two ight One. ured OD ond 1,te = Peal number Syctem | ote he py ane Te Layee ruber pte a 20, U2, 3,4,5),6,% 8% Bt ar. gt g > cf. bei poli « : = 2 Hesndecina Number Sapte $ The. baxe of of the. hexadecimal 1 ne, byatem he 16 and bie’! ee owe — OES He, 8/8, B, BiG 2 GF ibe ‘oir ve Be Fs “® B& number eytem with bee or radix (7) 1 tontalng + different digit ond og are from (0-tp v1), # |Comerzion | ¢ C) Decimal ty other! TR comert decimal Into other bate cv) , divide. integer park and wuttiply. Fractional. part With ap acs Ly, = ¢ er = (1t0t *0P1), =G22-009, =C2-0937, a6 7 DIRE X2 = QED i af = 250K 2 = Dey = Gow. 001), 2] a Oss0b x2 = 4.60 243 |r pea] ie ows x4 = 9, : 7 2 St 2 tanh, 2 OMX 4 = 9.099 tH 26 & LASD i & 6)oe)e pws x 6 = O° is yet sat ¢& a “RSD X 6 = 41508 = Gute oste X & = 2.080 ? glee] 2 : Hata 2 3 EEE EAD = ana ; 2 | sefoe{ AEP Bits x Te = devon ties | CO Jara fA, Bs = GAD ye ® 7 GM = CV, =O EQ, 8 | 2] 3 2 = (333 } wlop|u=8 ‘ t = (ABD ye" + oa} > 4 » 4] 6]2 = 023), ‘ op Rite 4 L : ' = Dior Uy Sebel to Decimal | To convert amy other bae x to deaimal. hh i var ya multiply each digit with positioned, weight Bion odd. i! ac ; Ussher ah - —~~ reayngle a Qyen 011), 7 GQ)so 7 yt Ag = p> x2: Pixar y oxari4 pyigs FoOxKr eax seein ged 2 Cee ee ee 3 (1 G26. ad9 a Dan = 6xehe PRB bay gry BxO 4 ox ge G+ 16 T2504 OL sa5 4, 1oRQ = aa. 4sa9 ee — =Q)t5 tocar BXat tay gry DKA he get t+ 4a 4 ao 4 Meee oH Ge 62515 (ROD9 ea), = Ve AX 163 + BX 2 4 Dx seh Woy \e FOXIE + Cee 9 x 10% IX MI + Mx Ib* + 19% deh FOX + DKW one (4393 745%) gp \Do (SH -3d,_ = CD ap } -! a sx eh p axe + 2x t+ 2xo 4 2KE i (S* 29D + OK Ot Wt gy’ 30) Tz { 2 S Be (2d6- 583) 45 \ | CID Binamy te Octal ! | Grro1rt0. ipo 100), = QQ, = C66: 64, Gisortot. 11012), =). = Gss. 669 o1d . 1 Jot Loa, iio iio, 34s Ss 6 & GW) Octal to Binary! : a, 2. (QeS4 - 43) =p | =| Qe ot 9? (Qo 140191 a4. Jov041), (W Hexadecimal to Binoy 7 : [2 ae =| : B® she sx (ABDE-90),, «C1, (Qota eu Hoh i200 + L004 L100), 3 b= BY beWw a : CO) Binamy to Hexadectmal + = Ce aoLy pottaro4- divi, 0004)’, m3 Dw AD -L = CLBSD. pry yge (WW) Octal to Herodectmal | (FOS 4649 = CV ag pool si JAD 101 - too), 0 Lipo es ee ot (AFS+ 9A OG Wi Hexdecimal. to Ochal | CAB DEB. ACE), 0 1 ) Le. So 2G GG C267 es : $219) OK Griay Code + OBR} ee code S 3 | © Successive no. fp differ by one. bit. | © B ik abho called unit distance code . on is alan clled Cgclic. code and Winimwn emor Code , 191 L110 L009 . Loto Ltoo 44 = L " pit Bsx. Binns Code. te my code covverplon { By eee Obes = & %, bo 30 TEL ‘s D—4, 1 i—30 > Lo0—?t 4. D—y, no ivi ULE ID -& Bs bk 4 EG = Boy By By ast bye tce LL, od a 422 G4) 2 Ge ge Rory brary tonersion ; Sf. Ge Ge 1 4 4 0 iss1e197| 971 by B 5, 64 be be — gee) Ee a—_— . # Bivamy Cocten ' a) 8d CBinany eded. decimal) f ” + Be ik ctted binany coded decimal + Te Won fow Lit code . 4 Th ih alan cated 9401 Code. * Each demic, decimal dight j represented * is aes, cade .. ; * Decimal’ 8421 ‘CBD 50, ins 0000 ee ae 79. Oo10 3 Oo 4 + SLoo s OLoL 6 Potty 1 OLE Se ‘LOO OD 9 Lood “bf bo ke da Loig : 42 Lido 413 Lror 14 lito is Ser 1 Fo with 4 bit.= Binary of ID 1010 . 0110 \ esucecta eae Trac, Soesesrs Oe es Bop Adaihon $ nena. aes roar eee snatc s 8 Congider the addition of -bwo dedmal dgite fn BCD ‘bo gether with a camy from a previo liga pigrfeart palr of digit | Sina, each dignt doeanvt excmed 9, the pum cannot “be grtaten Bon 94944 equal to 19° with 1 belug a preving fang, @ when Brang gum SH Yon eyuat to” 9(1001), the Conre ponding Ben digit ip coneck « : ® When binamy pom ik qrester than eqtual to Jy (Ante) the real ig Invalid Bon Ugit- / ® the addition of gy Cot) tp the einen bun coments ie tp he coneck dipk ond alas produced a eee: LS OoOLDd OLoOL C a OL.O DOoOL 1 psi sei eee bE oLllo Ot lo ee (O10 O11) 05 2 i a2 LODO LOOL +439 40100 oo 2a rer | eo gO LLO ooto aaa: dito ADOLL fra feea ease reese ~ litoond UHe =. Cpopr pest 1000) pep ©) expres, dectimal mumberg tn) BCD ancl perform the Addition in Beep. G89 ond 4PM iy G89), =F (O14 & = €0001 ovio ide. 0140) gos Excogp —2 Code | ee eee a © Excep—3 ode = Ben+ 2, O B ie hon—weighted cade . © ip abo called felf complement code . Oh fe 4 bit code. ® Unped “bit combination 6006 , vont. 7 © Owly mon— webhted coda which Code + digg ‘ALE Compliment Oodle pHtOL, 440, ik Exag—soO A a 3 ae i 6 3 g 3 38 4 o1l00D ae Loo d TGs “Trog Dwele Olay. Prades TOloi1Mooi a a et = Cool 0030 “O10L 0041) sey i B94 LOooo Dil od 489 o L00 Look aati “ELOL]/fovto fiatry a ot1L0 olan OLL : Se et A j = Coo} OCsL 1000 OLDL) Beyaa Qo10, , OL00 : : - ond ovli — (add 2 WBCDD 6 Lo4 ott - Nolet the code hese alition i6 3 is Og 2421, 2321 , eau, 4a . (Self Complement and weighted code) . decimal, 2424 Code 2 ©dv0 L CooL 2 Colo 3 Goa 4 O4Ao0d = toned 6 1Llovo z llot 8 ne 3 Ti | St 4 sop0 ae ae S-> dbo Bian Aditition | (elf Goroplement toda.“ —_ 9. OO ay fanaa Pe es Co 14:0 qa eh Litas 4 EOL ttoanl is eer cia aaa wriitt ae 3K Cora plement | Complement owe uged th digital Compuker tp Bioplify. the Bubboetion opendtion and for Lyfcal monipuledion - Complomant veprepents He nagabive number , There are vo Ly pen of Complements for each bye rie G) Radio Complementl Cae) Cb Diednkhed dix Compliment ECR DP Dininiphed radix Complement (y- by: Given @ mo. Nin oe. ¥ bowing n digits, the Long Complomant: N is defined ay — Bip complemant § oe The 9% Comploment of a decimal no, it obtalred by Gubboctirg. ech Uyit from 9. peSrample $9999 ~4*9 068 “St 53F_ ip Complanent: + The LE com ent of a bt t . paboncsg sae Sasa = Ko defed obtained example | Dh complainant of LLootl = optLov D> The 1p Complement of binany no. ip obtined by Charging (bt 0%) ond CO to VAD. Radix Complement + The (lk) complanent of an n digit np. N in bye x '. COP-N) for N40 The Tf complement ip obtained by asain, A t= the @-Dy Complement » 1p?~ complement ¢ Fiptly “to find +the 91% complement than add 1 to the LSBC Det pigniftent be or right rat bit). e's Comploment of 45056 Nl Ff Complement + 1 S934 ee ap C0535 Wvp Canplomen’ + ae inseae Figtty te find te 1’ Complaments ‘than “add 1 4, the USB. : eg 28 cornplement = Lp Complement + 1 = Opinii +L ‘Oniloo The fubbractle of two h digtt Uniigned no. Cm-Ny fy baxe F wn be dome ag — A Subbackion with tomplements 4 rete Wing Mb te ah formplenent of the Pubtrbend N Gb Tf MyA, the fun Wil produce on end a", which can be discarded. 3 the pum dees pot Prduw an end coumy then take the mie complemen Gf the, : ae ign ih frowk » x Bun and place a ’ N Ww Using SO’ Cormplement , gulobmet $2532 ~ g955 = $2832 N= 03980 Jolp complamant: of 02250 = 9/6 complement of O3250 41 = 09995 — 03250) +4 = 56749 +1 = Ob+S0M = 525932 LOK tompatN = 96F SO #5232 Gigtacrd carmy « db $9024-- 6sa4 M= $9024 f N= 069 34- ; a 0°§ Complement OF vb S34 = (Ib lomplonert of 06534) +L = (09993 — 0683474 1 =9346S +1 = 9346, | M= $9024 Jes Gmp ofN = 93466 “1S2490. digeancet, coy I ib $946% — 46312 M= S946q N= 46319 Jo a & wwmplement of 44319 a Complement, + L = 99999 — 462129 +4 , =SIGBF EA = $3688M.= °SO*6> Wa of N = $3688 onp a _____—— 113185 pest ey :| W s250- sesso M = 0325d t N= 82539 P'6, Complemante of N = (99999 — S2esard 4c | FATE F +1 = 44468 soFLE do’p Lomplement of Sb718 =eGo08l +19 ee eo. eb N = 494 68 Comp: + = ~ forge j W £534 - soe Mc 06534 7 N= $2024 e Lo, complemant of No = 2299 - Se004°) +4 = 4097S +a 4097 iitmM O6sa4 107 womplement of Nz +0976 7 sis = 24895 +4 do", complement of oe a 2 a WD: 4612 — coqeg M= 46219 N= 69463 ” M= 46219 N= 410s 32 a oF aa 86845 10 complement of 86845 = 13154 44 =-Laiss @WOSutmet 34— 15 Ytlng 214 complement. M = 24 = 100010 N= 1} = oLoool 214 Complement of OLovoL = LK complument + 1 = Ldliio +1 = Lou M = Loovid 2s of N myboHit PLoooL) Cony Upordedran Subback 13 - 34 Me 49 = O1LdDdOL N= 3¢ = Looold M= DLOOOL Wumpofn s C's ome of N + 1) ser er =O@lsttor+p sy ~ O4ss1d Mic DL oo 6G MooweNs oLtLiio bottia 2" Complement of (Lol1s4) = p1d000 44 St OL Op ot % Subbaction with 2-194 complement: | The reawk of adding. the mivwend to the complement rf fubtrahend produces a pum be. LK the conect difference hn an end Comy occu. Remove the end comm and aalding One tp the gum {2 refered te om end around Camry , ————® esses - 4250 se ESS ee : Subbmot this ung 9/p complement - X= 6534s , Y= 04250 “hy Dh Complement of (04-250) = 987-49 YY Xs 65345 bey = eaitied 61094 se 6109s a @ ose — 5346 X= 049s | ¥5 Esk'40 X = o+250 Bi compat = 34654 38904 9h wom plement of 38504 = 6109> é Arg = -G109¢) = -Oh Comp, of 2890¢) @ Surbac Sh - 9% utlng Lip complement . K=Sh# Ye 9m X= 1toLto , Y= oLlotsee ee Dp tomplank of 24 (pitory) = Lovie Ye LLviro Looi0 0 ee forsLolo I) end wewdl +L cary @ AFH 129 leg 1% complement Xela / Y= 129 XK = Loo + Y= Lovovvor X= 0001Ld00q- \ eo + lo cio engl Vpok Loootisa = oiairoooe —O11L0d000 ee Avner = 3 Signed. Numbews |Magnitude Lomplament. Votes Signed oh + LLo O1Lo Lp tne, -e) Dip (He; ve) allo 6110 Lio ee - a Lool 01D Siret Binany Numbers | OTF the date ig loa He oa wall ap ve numbed, then the 6igned. binary hor mutt be wed. @ the 6ign with o Lit placed in the lett moat popition of the ho, gign Lit 0 —> we fign bit 1 —> re OT the binamy mo, ip signed , then the heft moat bit represen the pign and the ret of the Lik repent the no. © Th the Liner no. jd watigned then the Lee agit bit jp dhe mmt Biguificank bit of the wo, Eq. 2 VW unptned no and the. *pritented in binary tor. Buk +9 jf a Algned ar and neprgtented fh bog OLO0L , 25 — J)ov) Cupized ) 2 — Lo Cgigwd )a 100100 ye voinploments of 24-(olioit) There one tang dypee of Signed no, veprerentation | | ® Signed Magrdbade representation. @ Signed Complement repreperrtadion A Signod PW Complewont representation @ Signed. Vp vomplement @ Sigrd 26 Complomont , @D Signed _Maguttudle reprepentrbvon “The wo. Comist of a wagnide ond co Orne ee or -) or a bit (0/1) Indicabirg, the. Sign. Thi ie the reprepentatton of Blamed Mumber — uged in drdinang. anthmette | When antawebe ‘operation aye. implemented ih a Computer, ve ip wore convient tp we different Reston refered. ‘bo 4 Signed complement bystem.we ee @ Signed lomplemert rrepreaertedion Complement le wed for reprejerting | ae er ho’. byptere Ove na. & Indicated by HK Complement , bye @ Signed V6 complunent- sreprejentetion{ Fer Lx Complement representation of gigred ner me bare, to find VR complement indading sign bit - ; WD Sgred LA complement representation! : Find 2" Complement , add 1 to the 1’ oe oe ce nang no. CD Represent ‘each of the fabtng Anes ‘dechinak ‘ea, on Gigned binant “v0. tn 8 bit Gyn magnitude “reprepentation DV tomplemert and 216 complement reprepentedon , @b +13 5 OooeL io, db -12 . aga BIE @ So Sign magnitude. represents ” Ve 5 Complement n 2k Complement = 000-0101 Signed mogritude = Looo1104 Y LIA Complement =LiLLoto) 12h on = Lito Ooo0tt01 Ovooitor M uanette CB yop BoE te Spud magnitude = (wutooea oC Pht “ ; » Ve tomploment = FL00143 0 4 Dp compbunent- 7 Agoisit [Note|: Th VE and oe Complumen + of O& +e mD,., * TEPC babi, We Feme for plgned waguitute, representation, HK Pritimebic. Addition! ! The yule for Adating. no, in the. lgned complement Byptem clocinet srequure. a Compacigon er pubbaction but cudy Addition. The addition A Carey oud of the Aligned LL position i (ones) +6 Sv0o0119 +13 OoooLLoOL “Fis digcarded , ————___ ovoolooyy (Ge-2) _¢ QliiLol+D =11rr0r6 +1 tt Clb me) OooolL01L = 00001101 P00 00LLL 3 ooovouss | diggartded, Comrrg- Wits C914 OF te atyn Lit Ie gana. oR Haett )ae Core +6 po00oL10 = O0Od0dvrEO} ieee —13 GriLoo LO+rd = Latroorg atk piriloo a 2p comp. of Qisslooty = (vovors68 ach Ds = Loyooris Ho, + Sign bie * net rer Seed 2) of CO) = tdebeeaOe -—13 aly of 1a) = ' -1is d nr of Zeof &O) = (Ys FEC) + D = gyyssooy + a Deel = (WH oF CBs FL) =ririonro+ 1b MwCC) =LINLoLo =: Littinio MFoy = AlryemeroL = ,tbirooia teeters gi itorror ea Aterded tomy, nit of Ma =,UtLoitor) Ld } = e010 + 1) en Ay = gee + Sign Vitdy =s% ab { oe Signed ‘mogrinda ; gigned Lia, signed 2/6 wh — 69 wb -sz Syred “wapitide = LLLlool Sted VR =" Looviid Biged. vA = L0on0r 14 th —65 Signed wagvitude = 11 poos Sed M8 = Loto 1y Sted 2% = Lowsiery Ww +53 : Signed weglide = OLELOOL ged DA = OLLivor Sloped ws =.% Olilool 3 BOD Susbenebion ! “The Subtinekion » Of wo BOD wo. A ond B an be pertormed | by vairg - ' dp complamant method UD do’p wraplemert methodin BED vn, ca gp Subbrack 3 gem >- fle. CAs — Day +6 oll) B ‘ : aol * Ben of + ' Q%4 twinplament of (2)107F |B-Ban = Gay BCD of: G HOLL Ovid b1L0 cies Dwele ed olan add 6 (0J10) end ws ri stRo Sea A tthe © fesfoon Ba), —CO1, wing 2 complement fn BED form. 9’ complement of QUiq = (99-21),, = (#22, as 100d | ooaL +38 qo] tooo 6s 4oo00 LOLL Cy 9140] oid ie . 620 Tee eT & i te 001d = Gy, = Spy, ree @ s*-2g 1 De tomplement of OR) = 9-8) =(4I4,G@r- We 26 = apo seg Ce 28) why LOA vomplenent Log tomplemad of (28) = (O's comp + 19 = @3-WM+1 = Fe) 5 72 sa: : 2 019 4 O1L00 cot OsLt pono . o 110 oll ouevio .. O19 i foo ue oh ow (21-8® uaing 98 complement | Q'h complement vf 93 = (09-83) =(16)% ob be he pas e-(9's °F 39) aes . 2-937) qeeaE oi oy i 'ooLo OoOLo ss 1 doo L oLLO ae iA: Ss oord GL baer a Oh tomplumerk of DOLL OLLL = LooL | 001 — 0OL%) oLd4 ictal vores, beh? Prwer = — (ONO 001d) Bey ve Bocksan Agzlern & Logie faa D> Bajic Yeorem and. prpertiqa of Booluan Algebra 5 * Z+OV=-% * Lae Pe gt = 1 ec et hetee 7 ua = 0 Ke RAW SK ie ic Pe LK = AL = WY Sn eee a z — : AP YS = CATYICA4Z) —dightbutive, Themen ® (ary) Catz) = Arye Trang paition Theorem.Qosa = 2 ee = AB + ABCC +E) Gert = 1) PB + AB ope ig ce CG: g+B=s » ae, cit | Se AE + nee + ABCD RE (it Ed) + age = PR + Age Gaeees = AG + Age . = ACB + BC) c a =. Lsrecercy] 7 KCB+O) = RE TAT = BeBe hrc) — Prove. Trang poaition Thesrem’) = AAT ALENBYE BC Ce A CLE AC HARD + Be = (A+ 6)< C480) ces Oma 2 (ar'elicien Gb 2 Cues Be) =A+BQ ws fang Ay ae a AT AB + AC + BAt BF + BL FOR +E +E ed ns, p Come eS (Cah+B+e) fe e i oO e 2 (A+ ACEH AGO + ype) 42% + trie toe : (xs AG AD treare) : [aCmer+e) +c] tence j Ch @rg= 1)” = Ato tns+ ere) Ch atyt 2D = Ord AtE+O) Ch erp Getzy 2 x+y2) = fK+c(B4e) =< A+R +E a = (At BS) (gase=S) Ab + RB + AB = AB+ BELR) = AB+B eo " ERO = Cenprlars) = Bry bf = we CHPF Cbaus2) ewe ate = oe Re) Gronel form and Standard frm ¢ » Minter 4 My Rterma Cm) + Nintermp-are, defined OH tre product “tering wie, Contalng at the variables elther tn ermal form | OF — Covnplement dorm, operadion » Since each variable way appear im either form , there are. fowr poppible Comblrationt — KT r®Y, KF and XY, Each of these four AND term) jt Ged minterm pr a, Brandard product + Th @ giwilay manniey i hi Variakly, tan be “Combined te foem 97 mintennye | o—> rreprepenta complanient- variable, 1 — > vepreted novel variable | angler Ao Linany srables x and y combined with an ANDMaxtering CM) Mex term are defined ar the. sim beam ae Which combalyt all the variably either jn hormal. form or th eorHonerts tet + Conmider -bvv boinamy variable,’ « et le ‘with OR. Operations » Sina cach variable may apperr in ther form , Uere owe four poscill, combinations — K+¥ , KAY, KF and X+y , : 0 veprepent novinal variable 1 reprepend Complement variable. R B o M Qo 9 Mo Mo ° a mi -Ma> L ° mo My L L ™, My Note 2 Boolean Function expresaed of pum of puirlerms or prduct & of maxterms are daid to be tn Canonical ocr « Sun of Mintermg CSum of product term) ; The. rintermt whore gwr defines the Boolean function . Boolian function are Hater hich give He Le °t the! function in © tncth table W Gere the Boolean function Fe A+ Fe ngs a Gum of ler Oy canonical form of SOP, FeA+BCy Fea oith ie beth! 3 term Pei b ‘ant eer A> ACB+EXe+E) , AP ABE FARIS bonBel + AB = dy 2 denn >A ie laadeg Blo > (A+AN BIC 7 AB + Algte ) Fe Abe + pple + Ape! + ABl! + ABle + A/Ble ergy - Fos wfc + ABlo + Agel + AB! + platy wl Jet FO eo uy ue ue oft, 2m (1, 4,5, by *) AM(0;2; 3) © EMqreap the. “Bockean’ function F = yt XZ ar a Pedeet of marten!» (fs) = By OCH FED 7 (ar) Cetylare ry) Epuracany W DD HoT \ i tenm —> Zz Ie wilting. . Dp > Htyree) = ery +2) Hp 2E)ond term > Bis ming; - G@tz) (ety > wretporz2r5) . tyr etur G+ 2) BYE erm > He IK mnsing er G@tz2+ xx) = (yretu lyr 2+) = @ryr® (L+g+z) Fe Ct tytz) (i+ y +2) las y +z) Cag tz) aeyt2e) Ch+ gy +z) 2 my = Ger yr) ht yt ZI Y 42) (Me G +z) ae s ° as 3 KM4;S 0,2) =») KM(O0;2,4,5) QF = A+ B'C canoutal form of pos, QF = ay + hz Cononlcal. form of Sop, Convert hh Fe A+Ble Cin Pos) a = (AreycAtc) jet term —3 o ip wliaing O*8") —5(A+B'eee) = AFB Fe) CAP BFE)a dem —> Bk wl g tog “ @r) (Are + eB = (ASC 4+BICRH E+E) - AtB +) a+ Ere) (APB) CAFE +c) Fo= @++cpthrS +e) CArE +c) o£ oy oO LF & 0 6 4 2 3 ° | = Wm, 2, 3) og x convert | Gb Fe y+ re Go'see LE term > zai willaging . RY wle4+z) = aye Pye 2 term > yp ig vekting . Rt > xz ye ty) Rey age ( ce (z Fe aye oe ay ee on oe ee ee ees x . a 7 Sen 13, 6) Exarcige, ! (© Express He funection In cenonieal forms of POs Fe (re carcyConorial gown of Sof and POS, ye | do Fea n+e!ld WO 6 W4+8) He) i i POS vy = DCAM BI) tn, Canonttal for OF 4 tas ae tanonieal. form of, frodack of ; . 8 Wlaxterm 1 deve WOMIng 4 varable ip B | +c) —> (A+C + BB") => Cn che) Care! +8) (A+ BrcocA+e He). + oP bern raping es CAl+ 8’ (N's Ble ce!) > (+ Bhed (Wa wee) @? fe Arb) CA +B) CA BC) Cnt Blac?) . 1 ee Oat (Re tates uh ts [peg b ty | eb | 7 3 C F 4 =NM(1) 8/6/29% Kounaagh Map (Ke wep) ie wed when Ordpuk ig ze, Land dom : Th Ke map a4 coda, repreaentation Ie wed. : KM map ts & graphical. method. Te i wed when. nav Of Vvartably are 2/3,4,5 . on - “Gre (x) 7 TNS Veale Koma! “ ne - ae 8 i ae ek ra ( AY fowibitities = 9M = 92 i where, n= Wor of vartables R oD. oL AL 41o poo | oo |} 011 hb eo = 0 A f alo Porsith. =2" = { 5 [2°, | sen | 23 uo | | Ae : | Op | 0000 cont, | 0032 | onan Posie ter | 3 2 i; = of | 4, Jouve |oroa} ott | ono 2 = areas 2 f Ly [Aloo | Ltor) dirr] tio 144 1% 1S} 1 AD | sooo] roy | BodL | Loto {8 al mM ty)eS % Plotting a Representation of Truth Table on Kowa: Fo ple + Age +AlBC ool Lol o13 = SC t,3)S)Fe A+B+e)CK + B+) S076 Lo = KM (0/6) : I Be 08 os, aay Hl Q © a c 1 : 1 4 5 % Coowping_of Shah for _pwpigitaion | Grouping is wathing bd Combining adinant hells with Conta One?s for SOP gimplifitation and OA for POS Kimpliftcation , Grouping. sli are felecked in the form of powers of p Ce ae oe ~). | | Grouping Of at bio adsrcent! (fair) i, 2 . = B g& t 6p 2 g 7 xs 2 c Pos] : 7 © JaA:o | foot J ‘A Ail | Ee BYCA+ EB Fe Re + AB | nae as = Atom =A ;Ee = os z Top Fe 86 BF [Fa Rel ee e arts or tos ' ‘ i x ofa | “ fel e-= Kec whee : ni = Ke (Bf 8) askfinigiormslo-= | od 7 r = RE : é' CHD, txD tip . Re DO 7a: 1 Pos. A+B OL d . a F =Gr bre+D Grercry ° _ = + BCD Rte AL L Y ie 14 =f 1 2 Are Lo 5 = 6+e+D 1 3 2 iy uj ad as a 7 P Govuping of Jou “adjacent, el shell (quad) + 2 es aera ee ey 1 a >| = RCBtE+ Ars) rR) =‘al e= Or Bt) CAR +c45) RE le 4 “| CRB ACD C+ B+ Cre y F Qs, B+c +05) (R- tBACiap arr) = Bt f= D Las + Piz ee = a2 Bb Le L Hl Re do | y t= 8 4 an Lt ot © Priory OFdar s Ocker Quad + : Pair = e Single Tessrn Redundant Group i 3 j | | |2 Redundant rove! SL eRe In Which al, the elomentd. tr. Aye group ane. covered by Bowne other groups + :3 & + > i AoA x FCA BC) = Sem (0/2/27) Ft , 96: (Get. BUT, Ses 1 we yo ot aa to ’ | A 0 ret 2 : e sflell [mye Twree, * (palip re aud; one Bingla: ean Que. Gormed , | bea AR + BE + RE +ABC|S oo ee * Ftn,e,c) = Eva (0b Sb) Gt. | 20 Be Gi Be yo ae 00 ee wb do j | A | = RE+B AB A o\{t |e A FS AB + Be + AL tell et a) *%. FCA/B,c dD) = Eom (0,4, 3/5 78,9, 14 13,55) tp & op ap Pe 28 or V 10 - 00) Jay] ie] Ae ae : Fe D+ BE AR -o} i L eke) Guia, ie oos AB Lt i Vy 124 13) ”. mE FhFCA BC) = Som (86,90 = é a” Be Be 8 “9 BC po ot re >? FCA, e/DY = WMS, 6)F, 42/42 1a, ae) aD 4b oe C+D we. 00 44 io ‘ ron 5 lle A Le t 2| Here quid “Ip ewe redundant $0, lt TA removed and Dore ji dour pale formed . Fe +8+QCR+E +2) CR+T +B. CA +045 ) © Stmplldy Be Bocuan function FCA /B/¢)D) = NM(3,4, 5,4,9, 18, | ie 2s) ams SP ietby: eeeo Sip wing K— mop. ABN _._00 OL AL 40 5 —o A+B 00 : fe t AHore. quad it ~vedundant. so, tb i, Fembred. ang” Bere ik four pal dowel. : “ps (ht BreycAre HODES EAE )CEPB eA) ] ‘ pe (WHE QCA HerDIRS E+Qcas ee) sity We brstean Ginetion PUY = Emo, 4/2/4/5, v) " G ,8)9,42, 13, 14) ye We Y ye YZ ee BWA oof [1 7 r 7 ‘ [ial 2 rt, Wx of FL oH bi h We 1) laf} + a ty 2 wk jolla | + i ; a Jou , 9 quad Go Find the auonial fone Of POS fon the Gncnical form of geen Ser. . (COL SeP Ba complono of Fa 1 Cand i) FA) 86,9) = Sm (0/2/46) CE POS I Ae coraplement oo oF Sor) 8. FCA Gd) = AML, 3,5 /4,%)%, 1, 11) 32,18 bes) wD exp Ge TD Trp pe \_80__- 0h N16 5 [oath 0 Ate ATS s £ — RB oy [TO of] ® [F-@e)] v4 3. q Pe DO kewe 21 ——— a= Zrolv,2,4 76) = Recs + KEcB + ABTH + AScB F Cor 6) 619) = = RM (13/5), 8/9/80 db 42 ,43 14, Is) = rere arg +e HE ABIOAFE HOB) Ea CRr8tc+9) (A+ b+e+B). (A+ 24649706 +8 CArE+C +CR+ B+C+5) (Rr E+E + MAB se ay SH TP cp ee, 3 . Os Roe oF i io ee BE oo [LI ‘ | Po iy ae P ctes quuad ave. dorm pe aah a4 te £1, tle 8 gol gd 2d sel Ut F= BD4+cp + B35 ae ie feel AcsL other 7 :Sqpnad ove formed =e + AD +eRD Hed Rye at t 2 Ge Simplify AB + AC + BC +5) Be Be CCE : ENG 00 ol MW 10 ‘ i Aa +AL A. [Fa fe rhe] $ elt } Q=3D Simplidy the Boolean Finetion! Fe ABE + Bey + REecD + ABE ——O FCA, 8,C/D) = AcD + AB +9) 2 quad and one paly are<> ‘toe WA — 1 ode and, | Art formed { D+AB4+ AC lo L L L 34 L eH OD Shoplify the fellouing Boolean “function into | @ soe ® pos FCA;B, c,d) = Zmloy 12/5) 8, 9, ao) Sol FCA; 8, CD) = Em (0/1 /2/ 5,8, 9,109 = ABCD + RECD + RBCD +ARLD 4 nzey + ABLD + ABCD sopeey FURIE D) = NM (ait 6/4, 11, 42,43, 14 205 | = (A+64+E4D) AtB+etd) Cat B+T+D) CAFE +O 4D) CR B+T 4D) Carb +c+D) CAr B+ C+D) 1. ? CRB +C4D) CA+ 84 C45) |aia ie eB iL [t .| Ads 00 me fle | . are OF ne wl] ic] ag AYE vy | ve to [Mal ut Lael Bre 0 OF Pui ze, the follovsing expreaaion yainay .k-mep. Fe Sum (oh)2,5 13,15) Sol" Given! : ' ¥ : = vent Fe Bm (OM ey S18 1S.) é oo

, jealx) | 2 L x fol | Hy ket >I a Fe A+ @)CA+E)4 3 at : £(A)B, 6/0) = Sim Ura) FAIS) + Sa is) |) pa ee - op Sd aa I ia : oo O01 21D ois foe Re X41 # Fe 6 | / % ty se} re Cal sl eal al FAB) = Smo h, 6/4) + Ea (8, 4)6) re BE Be + Be Be AX. oo. OL tt do aed Rd 35 Lk Titi oe a1] DOLx rt anna;© FRB) © DE) =. Sm (0,5/6,8/9,10, 1, We) 2,24, 2/26, 29 = : 29,34 - BR=z0 . . Ael. - ae y) de de pe re > geo \ 00 Ol | ‘BE v0 | “ nA | ee wl BEAL atl a4 | ‘se 10 | fh | pes El i f-a{] +] | | B 34] __ de! L 2 26 | | Detet (8, 9/30 Id, 24,25, 2b, 24) = BC ‘ | Sing. eon(S) = ABODE ht n () = RBCDE 8 quad (9s, 24,25) 34) = Age aT 4 fais (16,20) = ABSE gra quad CoQ ,16,24) = CHE Fea BU + ABODE + ABCDE + ppe + ABDE +CE® Fea, 2 ED = em (6) 9)4b 38, 142% p20) 28, =0 Rest DIE DIE BYE Ste DE DHE nie BE Bre BY 00 Sail is BeN 00 On He Bt DO ° 1 J B+ 00 i ate ol ads [el ae oy 2) wen [| pay fo} few Ted, h apie oo t im se of a} Bee Yo S boss ~ ; f oL Choad tbs] 2 28t 23 : a / o Qwsad-(9 13,25, 29)'=(Bro+E ) Pair (9,41) =(H4 ECE) © i : ~fairlz0, 98) = CA+e+D+E) B— -) GH Igo }o fair eo) = (A+TH+ +E) heir (ag,a0) = CA+ E+E +ED foy(Jas) = Atret+ore) Fe (BrOrE Mar Breve CAT+ 946) (A+C4B FED, Chr B+ +EYCATCHDIE) , © Mivinin the. Boclsan dancin hw FCA, 80,6) = Sy[3, 4698 Hy Lt, 8) ‘2 QD FHb,03,€) = Elvi, $peH 9-18), we ides, ef, 24,26)@ Tow wininn aac of sora Cvariable ®& Re Abe AE +A, ; dw &, Oh zany ewe 1 sane ; ae DE DE pe: DE - 43 |e . © io zl al sel el ae Fo ABCD + Ane + Ase + ABE \ : Es eh Ssmtet i s 16) 3) Ny YOR 8, 20,24, 24/04 | v DES = [ So oA OEE pe oD we oo (Eh. 5] ESE Bee) UML AH aa) Ud Bou | 38 » 23. 30) AQ alfE ‘| “ste HU) val Phe qusd 31349:11) = gush) 51%) S:AE | >I O m™ € quad (16)38)24;26) = ACE se eceatllnYuad (30) 20) 38,22) = ABE falr(ot) = RETH par ere) = & Bey faly (20,229 1= ABCH AGED Sob 1 (2) en jay [s Retee raged” dh AO page + AC FAB Lo Bt. Meee ** B ti Tage R bv 0! | pera fe ly ie AL Ot |e a| 3 A L £ . Ma Ss a > pil ge L - RE + ZN) + KY wr po, ol iy 10 = RV zeny Osy @ Fergie, €,6) = Zin (0/5) ¥ ,8, 9,42 133,23, 24, es, 7 29 , 3% 40, 42 744, 46, SS, Sb Sg 6a) | ; & o ea Jes \ sal rc i i LM ocket( 8,9 12 13,24 28,28, 2) WE pein Cor®) <= REDEF = AcE ghd ode (24, 25, 28,28, 56, S% /60, 61) = gc LP quad (4042, 44,4e) = AbeE ms fair (SF) = y ABtpE 3 pair 23, SS) = Wetver tr MRC ep iT n =" Be Der KYA) = BC DEF1g 4th pate (6/39) = AE Fa ACE + WeREF + BCE + Meer HAR pe + BE DEP + Bevee @ FA Sen, 67) =Em(6,9, 118,19, 26,27, 29,41 46, B Sh ) 61) | | | | | | | | _—— ee ee 1 odet (9, 43,25, 25 , WHS, 5H) eh) = CEpF fair (38,9) = ABtrE Pair (25) 27) = ABCDSiyh.le) is 1 ABESep NN Cet ot Fe cée + Aeeme 4 hocde + ABCpEr \ VA } ) \ ‘ ; G i 7 Bay fe] ' iA : a | i 4 ¢Combinational Logic | dirusit se Deaign Grocedure Seine dh Mertify tre number of inpdg and outpady UD Draw the truth table qb Minize the function ua rg ow. WO Deaign the circuit Uaiing bogie qe , POvection | Denign & tombinadionsl Logic chal + thd hos tee inpuds and one oukpuk Prdua | wheh an input ig Greater then 1000, So lek the Tmpuka are AB) c) and O/p =e or |ez zx Bi “i ~ D MU 3 2 OL x 2 él ee cE 0 (Ee do roa a 3 qwads are formed | Fe Ae + AC + pp F2PB+ Ac Hay[Bacttion| Deaign a combinedional Ingle cht. with tree, inp wi predate a dogic one output, when moré Hoon one npk vorfobla js cd Logie. one , Be Be be Bo A 8 ef | F rLoo ol Sb do 0 D ° ° RO 2 ° ] ° D L ° AL val eel EY 2 ies al 3 pabg ane. formed ° i L L Fa AC + AB + Bo L . D fo} eee L L ol o4 © L i Pc] F = 1 ee 6 — B e SK (ode Converters RoC earerieee [Beal Deign a combindtonal. dogic ee thack Conver, Ben tp Extets-3 Code , lot the np are A S/o, D And Dudpuly ore W, KY, ZShp Laem) ' Oudpk CeKeean~ 3) hoe eo we oo 6 ° 0. reel or 0 t£ 0 06 meme cots [et Dp Serra o 4 21 0 D O40 Ott @ Oe a0 6 G Oh ok A 10 9 > ay L Lou 6 r we 0 20 co 7 a4 1 =o ole i Snvalid code In Bes ‘ a doto, M11, L100 —_ | Bz So, place K th Pere opto = co a o> ee oP cD © bo 6 hgh a SOU Ol er Oe 8 8 rol #8 00 4 FB 00 ol ha oh L oO fe O| al ABO fe L e | eH ue | | pode, Lqued Zapuad pL pair Wea A+ BD bE = BD y BL. peoand We A+ Bo +8e X= OD+ Be +ecp[Reps] Bertyn a comblrakioms Ungie ck Exeesh-3 to key Tnpuk Cexcean 3 a iatek Coke 2) Oe LOD) 0 Oo T L 0:0 6 Oo 2 “0 oO 6 o Oa L ee oD Ooo Oo f a o © LE L G © a ft o 1 0 -9 1110 101 0 0 ft oO ft - L 0.6 (CO L oO fe oO 10 f° Oi foo to bk 0 0 ‘0 1 of O10 [0 oO FY de# BE 00] | [ Re on ou | EX ne jo 7We AB + HCD X= BC+ BD4 wep Y= Cor @ aa, 1 i & A foe as p—b— 5—— ca, 3 Dp +_p—= + * Srestion= 0 Py ctradt han 4. inputs and 2 outpuks, One of the oxtput ip Nah When wajotty of in puke oe high . ‘the fecond. Output ia Wg Whar all inp are of fame type3 | oR /0..7” 0 6 Shel Oo L4 pala , qe Ke A®D + ABE + PLD + BD a A &—T B. ,p— 4 cr . ! —— by -——t ;— « x a A a 7 & 7 > 4 B - © | D [Buigtin= 2] Deaigm a, combinational okt rth inpa ond a pubpuk @ Ae owe Te L when bin OF eapuek tr 3, DD te ouwkpuk if Lo when Hw bi Jk @n odd Muumberr « a Yale of the input dete thoy Nery value, Of the ip Wee owdpuk AL htn tes birtng valine Of Bia tnd ys An ONE Rumben 5 —oe Zz y/) ¥ . Op x 3 lee iu A ——be—— x = 4 an WT _ Sp ala] e W = tl o = 4a salP[ q : 294] 4) oO | a8 fo 4 7, see x SsAB Sol" a 4 \so < ; Ni ME ~ 3 at : al 74 E 4 i ‘S35 ; A r 23) a | 3 ao 7 I? \20 a aml 7 § = I} 3) Yor. Yow z O° la = ‘e Z e 5 i 3 a 3 br-Y]!D0 r C2 by i nvett 3-bit Ty to Ura iBi Adder Qwation - 3|' Degign binary code to JOH Code Converter.Sol") On 4] Wrtte de Bteps fox combihottonal ctrl deat -and dean a civ of- three Inpuda which an high oubpuk Whenever the Quin of L&Z oo bt ts L. ia 5a 9 |e al ofriejo{e je|* @ ‘nyUi 2 ORR g K Adder | Hr, ———— ‘ © Binary Adder | tye © Biemt Alder t Adder | er | mbinationdl Jegic chee wth ont be he S mes aa — Gree Ougend and. addend bits and bao bine Oukpuk gum Ord army s Pin halt adder clreuit jx “ datigned to add two Bingle bit blnang fuumbeng . a Walp ‘Sun 4 Add er Cong g ti} x4 SE] xe al Suin = Hy +ay Cony aby = 4@y C= 41— Z = @ Pull Adder! (one bit) aj Yo oyermme the daanback of an half adder cht , We. develop’ a Hee Ging, bit adder Ue Glled full adder, Te con add tivo One bit number % and tae erg ze Tepreperly the a from ha previous Lower bigniffeant position.ye V2 Yo ye VE po o1 Ja do ll] { mya] Sun 2 XP 2 4 KFT 4 KZ Com KY EX DE YZ | + XYZ x | ¥. I =e Sn Keepy a ne) ei Tee WER THEN pe@ Degign full adder valng Wolf adder. } —— aa ZwE ot Sum = RYS + HYS+ 182 + ye : = 2(igry) + 2Cey+eQ ! = 2 (iQ) + Z(4+@y) + = . "hog = 72%) = 2X + 2x =, = ZOX eee. one ee Sun = LOY OZ FE Ge Gory = my leAZ) + aelyrt) + yetrt) = ae BE + oye pe Gay = Lye + aga + aye + ayz OME Frye = 2 hy + xf) + aylerz) va ~lr@y) + my Gary = AY + 2CMOY) (a@yz ~ : — Lee a . Valf Subbactor i H/s Ee: i Hae Wott gubbaebor jg a combiratfonal Logic dek thab pubbaey -bvo flyfe bi bie number - the. half pubbsertor noes tin Shpube 1) (ntuwrd and fbbakend) and two inpefsbowde Ottra ae iXE Full Submatey | et fo ae hog. hee inp “ond Fle bo be pubtraded D a i Fis ¢ we oe ee B ange 2 (9) eat 0 6 Oo | ff ioe a 0 a oO Leo. oO oO ee er. o Oo Las SY ds a 4 — po ee eee . : 4 oudpubs . X,Y and 2a In whith 2 Wome Srye . Dond & are He outa bono%Q D = Smv,2,4)>) > = EGS + Hye + aHe + aye = e(iyt ay) + Z(Zy 44H) ZC LOY) + Zla@y) = =(XBy) + Z(2@y) AW YyY@a @ Degign full pulbbactor talng hale pubbmctor . De FEA FRYE 4 ye 4 aye 6@y4Oz Be gz + ye + Hyz + mye =, PER tps, (aye vy) + ty. ky + 2(2oy) N n@ Bi Rader (farleh Adder’) ! A biL Addon | a hy bs L 1 7 &) Ry A bineny adden ip a digital chreuit thet produces the | anitmelle fun byw Linany nunbewp. Ee tan be deaigned with full addeng connected in Canada with the ouckpude com from each | WL addr Connecked bo the tapes: camp french fut at of Are. ner fu adder jh the cham: the Interconnection of four fut addey ctr to prvide a four bit bina nepel com ai, he qugend bite of PR and addent HOF bane depnated by pubgedpe umbers from wight to Lott with Bubjeni pte > donbig | Ye USB The Tpke cary to the adder Ih (Sand i ee Abmoy Ye fu addon be tee cudnt’ cm Cy. The S ode i qenemnde Ho required fun BR An n— bie adder requres A ful addons with each. A fonnecked > oh Ye may Whee order qu adder, | the beped ong tet ait eeSuede L/P Comey Pogend *Alxgy Added ) % O-bik Adder | Pepe Py? Age t 4-bit ce Gay & adder n> B@4 = gt make Lk H 4 Adder / Subtmetor Cet | A Alder / Sibbmewr Ch 2, ” m MeL eG ff ull \ aL nf ; of fi Az i jhe Ls AL it Po a " ¢ 1 DY FA tt em |e | py Lo | fe 4 vel te by L SiviG ; be Sy Sy So 0 k A 4— bik adder - fubbactor Cirutt phown in Figure» ‘The mode M ' tontrla Ye “operation, Whn M=d, the Civuit (kan adder and hon M1, the Cirutt betomer a plubbmebsr « Each EX on) receiv Ingat Mand OME of ‘the Inputs of 6 . Whar M20, ‘hen §Oo=R, Tho. Full adder receive the values of By the input cany tp ter & Gnd Ye ce perform A+B ; aes:Band ingk ng oe zl, Hon B@L Wun M J 5 i 3 a i : 7 : 3 3 : 3 3 s = 3 a bh © i 8 2a a + « Wee Dermal Adder | oe ~ 4 «alo s 7 4 9} AofAje | uf ° of oO] 4 2 = r A)! S}0] ela. . ° a oo} 4p. ° ©} of a4] 4 — = |" a ° Old} oO] o a OO} OQ] Ol ojo vy e ©]|o}] O| o 2 3} Ala) spo s N al a/O a] O = 5 oO} 4p .)o a } 4} oO) eo} a ° ol oH lo oy ° els} aly ° alaklato == e ©)2|/9 |O|O}o 3 A\4allilo ° lo JO Jo | | ~ °o ° O/O}slol4L ool 4 J,f-0.4 a [ee TAQ, 6 oO \ 1/0 oO “TT o-| of-a for tla bolo} a Kel a fn, My 12 Mal Sal Xo] “>| $1 Sel “Ga| Xe Ce Ky Bret eh Gn =oi * oudpude Can. ele The condition gor a cerreetton and 0” oukpuds Cony ber axpreped oy the boolean ee Coo kt 2% +4 fh btbtlly Yok adda ban BCD digit Oh Prdaian. oc Am die in Bea ig flown in ftgure- tthe. -bwo deci wal. “digtta Peek, with Ye” inpuk Comet ane, Fit added th the toe four by adder * preduu the bihaw pum. When the dukput cm ig enpual to zeno nothing ie Added tp the binang fun . vin He Tg Qyual to ene. Binany alto ih added te the binary pum trough -the bottom four bit adder. “the. Dudpud Comes, generates from the bottom adder can be ignored , Saat Bepply infirwadt on already annilable at the ouckpret- Coorop terminal, se Deroder | Qetodew i & comblnadtioral elute which have rong inpide and hang out « Ng ' " | 2" or boas ofp, mg oh @Decoder tp 2 comblnattonal elruilt trek conwenk bina b oat from n-tnpua Mres fp a maximum of on wae cot ue wna. @ BH ig wed to convert hong dake be bey use eq. Bory te oct) BL te dmal) BO Le perce cementBy Ie, bi Yon draply 1 Binoy to hexadecimal . @ TE the n-bit coded infomation a uniyed Combined mt the deteder may hove. fewer than 2” oukpub. @ Some deroden are degigned to prduce active” Lon oudbet, Whe ol. the ober outpuls remain high , t @ Detodew qenetode, 2 Coy Sean’) mintermi of in Thput variables, ® Detoder tnolude Create operodion , dhe Or more enable inpudg to control, the Dos Age Dy = Kee Dsante D = ape e ==, Do = ASE f—=})}—1 2 Ase tf)», = ave if eadRQ be B Mine Detoder Da Ce hrcehLhre 0 o 6 42 0 © oO oO Te 5 Go O Lo 0 | a w \o eo le Do = De = EAwt- De = EAE Dy = BARCX Lito 4 Uhe Deroder yathg NAND - Gate t ae AE a me oo L ER B RMR ® ly ¥ 0. Lot. £72 an Rha 0 ce ae 6 1 >a io [| ad os tf G@ L Ge i =p | bot ot 0 — H D3: me Buspeioal ® Deatgn half adder Uaing detodes © Design half —pubbractor Uaing deteder | © Deatgn Gull adder » ” vu G Bejtyn Gk pubbacter, yp, , SLO! Wtf aWer Uaing clecodey 3 M 3 & i =we SAND HAF pubbrneer tng devoder | te wien me ae a y D 8B 4" 2y a ” 7 & m a 3/ ci e Diffesene = Sm(4y2) = xy + 4G Boren = Sm(1) = hy y [LAL Borrow wn AY : fol =. r " a 7p ye ence See Ores a0 ° o o 0 L L oO oO feo A o a | = ° L 4° 0.0 L ° ok 0 L Lok 0 0 L Pele © otSum. =) Sint 2; 4.72. Sum = ager Lyz rage yz ve f * po. Of Jd. to Comp = EC 51699 er - Camp) = Tye + ae He Me ‘[atie a} Cog 6 My yt +O fe Lt A | : he \ . 3 to [Wine decoder 0 Zz | TANG Full gubbrctor Wing decoder | WP 7? | oe » g iE _ cine Eee | oon ee : ot 0D ne fi oe ne Paap OO £ 3 fp Lae E oo : + te? 0. (40 fee a weDp = va (42,479) Di We de Wye ae mde le age. ye WF fe ge Be Fintse,2, 2) Woo Bt ET : ae io -] Boe Aye a ye Wye de aye v qe 4 a | =o Ba ten dyad ye tt Bho @ Mua decode Maat W 0 a [Gort nner Ug a aes aay exterms. gaten desten the. Combinadionat Ireale . Derftnedk by the following three Bopkenn fut, a WO A Foe Ay! 2h ay Fy = Wy'z) + Hy 2 ay E+ az Sat) - TFL Bye & acl ag) = Tye + aye, + Re che eae = KAZ Ze tty Zoeyfa Tye + wyle+ 2) + s TAZ AUZ + AYZ oe a Ce fo. Fa ‘(mb fe lryz Fle yl2' + ay! a ae! Fa = @ryoz Sad") = R= a2+§z = A249) + FeC% +a) = aye Faye + age + Tyee 5 — oes MZ + YA + THz OD Fl = Sm(4,6/4)fas W2+yz BS He lyre) + yelarh) = Byz + gz + Aye Ryze Neeser rg Ee See M Rye + EGE + mye D He Sm(3/1,%) 3K Depiyn Higher deder Detoder vaing Dower vider | Se Depiqn 4 fo 16 Mne decoder Using 2-4 Dine decoder , Sol" a 1 == No Of decoder +e = S decoder , \ afk RTOoa — & PY Oe ow bo ft sas Por Be 2%: Coo £ 5 : 0 »b i oa Onrmhe OD 2to4+ (— i : D—, brs 2, Obs hej 338 L 0 0 % 20. fe at " A-4fowe ae fio | 3. dine [aa a. (ay : » ‘age ci al os e De eee d 0 0 d oo ft D | 9, i j-—— De eo ee ‘ie Eo te Di ott OL aes oO 6 Da Dae fo tS. 2+ -—r, ding [Dry oto area As 1 LL De (Soy Design 4-16 Sine detoder uaing 3-8 dine , v Wo. of decoder = 4 a = Idecoder , SA"Ce wtf Derm g 3e8 aL — “a S ne a =, oo x a a . : ia 3 ae Ve 7 Des Degign 5-22 dine decoder uping 3-& Line « , ; + 12, Sob") No. of detoder = ee = 4 decodey CoTed >2-4 Gina decoder ure Nom tate ,A gs ie 7 » FE it =) De : ARE See i m © An encadey oa digital civauit tut Performs the reveme operation of a decoder « @ Enoder pa, combinational. elveuit Whidh howe mag “tong thput, rd any culpub » © Ender ip wed t conver dther code to Lihany, 2+ Ocal Le Binary ; Hexaderiwnal, -bo' Binary , Decimal to Bey. © Wm encoder ber 2" (or fewer’) hp Line ond mn owctpute Lins. © Tn wotmal encoder one of the input Mine jk high end Comegponding bbinwny ovallabl. at Ye O/P. [Nei]: Th pimity envoder , munber of I/p ip high ondy highest paority number comnesponding binary |x avallelle ak the Oukpud -| WU da ols] Ola 4) ole O};o\}4\/o | olo dfs,aja | Aes O}o}O}la “ a] ojo oT seae i. + -* Lu] oO Ss . o °O olahOlo < a § = _ a t]olo ° fe & a alo oO * 5 4 a} o\o elofolo a & ail sl ola s+ ie O}o/a}o a \ a $ . Jl? ]a ejololo « < ae ofo]5 lo te * 4 a : : et ae 3. re < gi a ue ao VvDod, D, MD Se Pe Pe eee a r As Dyer Dot De 4Dg : : . +t 5) > Be D+d34+ +d, Cr D+ 93+D54D 44 . . 7 1 The Linitution of entoder tak only one input Gn be autte af ang given times Th two inputp are achive fimutaneouty , te butpde prducsa an wndefined combination" €-fs “Tf Ds and "De are high dinubtaneorily, the owlput of the enteder wil bq tu : became AL tren oudpula are e4puel bo A. The wtp Lis. doen nok represent either bineny 3 or 6. Tf beth Dy and De. are. £ at The fome time , the. opt wl be Lin beiaye De hep hiyher potowathy privity Yan De - * Provity Entoden ' 7 4b 2 dine ender |DD s BD Be te, THA rf) 4 : 4) 44} uf nm to Dd, + Dy NE 9 + W+D_TD, | \ fiery enteder fp an holes Urewit that Includes friodty function: TE bao ov more inpuie One eyual to Ad at the fame tne, He inp Vronatng, the Wighagt: priotty . the but table of a 4 tnpd priority, encodim end the two opt oS essms hood By he crude ben 3" odd depigretel by V, ig ip voli bit indicator» be. paid to 2 inpule re equal, to When one, oY more 4 L Th ah inputs are own, lore ik Ho yodid ovkpub and V0. The ober two Outpds are hob Tmpected hen V20-2n4 ore, Bpetified a dont care Conditiont, Dytead ef Acting alt 16 mlitein of dour Variables , the put, WEL AG an CALL) neprpent ether Lore. the Iigher the Bulieniph no, the higher the priority “Op ai ue Tie Ds bya the highest Prrovity bo, regardlega od the Values of the other T/p'g , then Hh T/p igh Be :o/p i ABC 3, Wp the neck piotty Jewel. The output fe (Lo) it Dred, povided Yat D,=0 | negardiaa of the Valum of other two ower priority. L[f. the o/P for DL if genesoded ony Bf higher pronty T/P ip are zem and &o on down the Ponty Dod, D, Ds PES A = Byte. = >— 8 = DD, FD, +} > Va Der Dro 4D,o/p h Selection Lines njelecton Ling. Arrnulkiplexer ig 0, tombinadonstion eireult ; tod, pelecte bay Tngoamation frm one of Ye mang T/P Une and diveck it toa Fingle O/f Mme. The @electlon of a partiudar T/f ne fi Conballed by 0 pet of pelection Miners se © DB hae rang Inpuda and one oF. © Segandivg “on contol or felect T/P/t , one of the I/p dina fe hroeferred te the 0/7 Line, © Wh 0 pelock tnpuk Wen alto cabled op Anta peloekry ov mang bo ont. Cet oy pniveral Qogic cet or parllal. “to Berta clk » 7 m= 9” Whore mip Tp and ia pelection Une . 2th mux) — ue @ a 2 uy mx ve2 wr Fach Table | crest eS) et OP, Y= SH+STy 4b MUX + an 5. q Ss q Trth Table! & Silos | 5 o D Oni: t{o lx ab LoFE, Yo URH+ sq + S50 + S15T,Stl moxy- ee SS Trt Tale! So st 32 oO 0 0 ©o,. 0 mo o £ 0 Oj ee i OO Loo & cc 8 Led Pospay sp Bit % Mux GS $1 Se Y= SSi85o + SoU ST + 3si¢ ht) FSUST, + SUE + Soya, FSET + S375rFRrRoOs Pubtiplexer cir, tn be combined. With Common gelation I/Py Co povide mualtiel bit election Jogic. The cet byt 4 mubtipluxers , each wopable of gelecting one of two L/P tines . Output Y cos be pelected bo tome fiom either T/P/A Ay ov T/P Bo. Similarly , Dudu Yi ray howe the value of Ar ov By and fe om., qhe enable When EL, then if So, the four A T/PiA hawe a path bo the four YP x. EF Sot the four B IPA one applied to te OfP hk . The YP have elt canoes ke Whan &=0, seqordlsap yolue. of the valuea of S,% Drglimentation of. Higher Multiplier uplng Lower nultiplane, Tnplnent 41h MUX upg 211 MUX , a Sry iract i mux Po at ic -. Mux L—. | = . ath x : 2G SyScheer SP ae BE MOM. Malngs | 211 monet sage : i nm + i Nov of Mux = Bit Bank 6, 24 + Mux oF LU ae IE std a fas | °B Br my Wing dE MUX. Sa") PB i “+ No. mox s SB = 9 mux oO: of & ete BR 4t Te Ty} mvx S$» vey Jeth MUX uate 4tL mux. C 4 L : . = = Ux No. of mux a a =sm Pes | VPs.Tanplementatlon of Boolzan Function | 4 ee ” : Ayn a buns Daplement the “function FCA, 8/6) = Sw(v,4,2, 5); 6,4) ugivg, exer sw bak election = A,B dota UP = 0 in cae 4 mu Ye Tapementetion Table! L x we ae [ ae | ae L—ft, | oo ol wo at ——_—__ 2o1@ |@l+ 1 cL 2160 |@ | Lyeqeqan Leb peloction = 8) c dein c/p = A Tnplementstion “Table! A - Be | ke Be ] Bc iu 41 |p bo OL sD Ja a L mux | Ao|@ |@ ® | LE Ar) + ® ® a a a aeLeb Selection = A, & data T/p = B : : | Tnglementation Table. ¢ fee 53 dant | pal A cing en a fe @/+1@® a mloOlslole pore ts J +] 2] 8 L f [Buzal Dnplement the Falloming function . s FONBGD) = Fino, b) 3; 4, %, 8 9,41, 14,46) 7 “eng AGh1 mux | ais mox pth mod, 211 mex co iy Be Tg: L To ia G tt Not te Mux °/P Asyic 0 Logic.QD wig erat Mang 61k lob gelerkion Mne= AL Bie . data Tp D ABU ABC ABC ovo on O10 OLb ie dor tito dads | Do | Os |e & | to 1 [@ ri1|@1|O ls |@ [® @® lu (@O | | ae a ab Ving al! ® lo felection Une i CD Doda. I/F = AB inglmenintion Table cD | cp cB | cD ‘DO OL ds 4b Ag vo © \ ® 2 Oo RR OL @®\s 61a ne ® ® | w |@ pp de | oo | e 4 se eole tela T,“Up @ eb peloction dine = A, 8 Deda Ip = c,d Gnplamentation Teele |e Re | AB [AB bo OL | to fay Hoo | O @|@®|x ao |@ | s @©\4 cu | 2 |e | © | en lO1olo|® Ew |\Conjer| ¢ ( Leh felection Bine = Aye Doda £/p = &,D ‘Lmnglemontation Table | Rc tac | ac] Ac 00 OL Lo. Li Bo [© | 2 bo me 1O(|Ol|O/@ oe (@\¢4 ta | C9 pulls |@lvl@® les] D B |eteas 5 ea @ ° 4 TD > 2 @ 0) Pyro, eof Sie) 3 tii 8 1{ [eft] = 8+5d Ig = B+d @ eb pelactton Line = 8, D Doda C(p= Ac BD eels oo | ob \ bo | ad Ro |©|@ |@l|* Feo l2(@/ sll =) Ae > || | wef ae | ac ts |i | GD | O| OD Te 4 jROce © w Using 2NLI—@® lok tro pelorkion=p Doda, Tip = A) B,CD — = ABE ne | © a nee ool e Fee HE 'y @ Ae c orb : Age 100 ® pee Lo dor ‘ pBe 110 de ABC mi | @ o/plek pelection tine A * 1 ‘ Sebk op 'g jc, : stale h OF A for J, - —— gj 1 TS Mm oo Bb Red ooo oO 1® BX oo or Po aay : Bol [1 4d Rep oon © ® Lf | ol Ce ea ls Bed vio 2 ao - - = T= 65+ BD +cn Bep o11 ® |®@ BS Lo jo for TL _ : ® ome ek at i Ben dor flic 2B m2 aor SET &D Liv TH 41 6 et) 4}. if 4} Bem ata A 1 @é T= 8+ evr Bc ae ["6 tet Yo pelecti ion Ling B Dodm TP A,r d FED 000 Fea ool Ked O30, Rep OLL Ac Loo Atp LoL Ae® 1Lo Eslelelr Cer Aep Abb ofp® eb felstion tine Rae. Duka o/p A,B .D Res Doo. a © = ABD OL: | : ABD OLo @® Ss App ols Pap Lo @® pep Lol ® Aap Lio a2 Rep 4d) 23 [election Une. A) B Futh Tables aE ee c 5 : ms O—flo aya | ot Oo" mux o/P L ox, | | ath, % Mogpitude Covnpesrackor | = A magnitude, comparedto ip a Combinational clvault ted compare two. vimbert Ar and B ‘and detewmineys their ‘reltive. inde, De recetwef Awe n-bit number and givea the oukpuk ALB , = A B A7B ond A=B, nvled able Wognitude fomibitity = 92" Comparator Ava MB Aze Hm Lebit mepdide Comporstts ; (A>®)= AB AsH= AS (A= 8) = AB-+Ae AOB ityHnok, — aD &) 1 cabs Pf )}— @?8) . pf )}—— 48) % D-bit magiitude. Comparator | — uo“, aoererereeee A= AyAg B= BB, A= ALB, + Aye, Ceca =) CMe By & bo= 80) Joe Rett Ab, = AOS, Wy = Abert AvBy = AB, = Apt = Grom XA08,9 (A278) = ALB, + CAL@ By) AB, ASD = Bb + (Oa) Abe