1. Tom tries on four types of footwear in a sports shop.

ski boot trainer

ice skate walking boot

(a) (i) When Tom tries on the footwear, which one sinks into the carpet the most?

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

Children's International School, Lagos 1

 (ii) When Tom tries on the footwear, what is the same for each type of
footwear? Tick the correct box.

the area of the footwear

Tom’s weight on the footwear

the material of the footwear

the weight of the footwear

1 mark

(b) The drawing below shows a snowshoe.

snowshoe

How do snowshoes help people to walk in deep snow?

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................
1 mark

Children's International School, Lagos 2

 (c) Choose the correct word from the list to complete the sentence below.

air resistance friction gravity magnetism

When Tom is ice skating the force of ..........................................................

between the skate and the ice is less than when he is walking on a carpet.
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks

2. (a) James is cutting a piece of wire with a pair of wire cutters.

50 N

1.5 cm

9.0 cm
wire

pivot

50 N

James exerts a force of 50 N on each of the handles.

(i) What is the turning moment about the pivot, on each handle?
Give the unit.

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
2 marks

Children's International School, Lagos 3

 (ii) What force is applied, by each blade, on the wire?

.............................................................................................................

......................................................................................................... N
1 mark

(b) Stephanie uses the same pair of wire cutters. The diagram below is an end-on
view of the blades as they begin to cut the wire.

200 N

wire cutter blade

wire

wire cutter blade

200 N

Stephanie exerts a force of 200 N on the wire with each blade.

The area of contact of each blade on the wire is 0.0005 cm2.

(i) What is the pressure of each blade on the wire? Give the unit.

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
2 marks

Children's International School, Lagos 4

 (ii) As the blades sink deeper into the wire, the pressure of the blades on the
wire decreases.
Explain why the pressure on the wire decreases.

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 6 marks

3. The diagram shows a crane lifting a load. The counterweight and the load are
balanced.

arm

counterweight pivot

load

(a) The load is moved away from the pivot, to the right.

(i) What happens to the turning moment produced by the load?

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

Children's International School, Lagos 5

 (ii) What should happen to the counterweight to keep the arm balanced?

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(b) A load of 5000 N is placed 8 m from the pivot.

8m

arm
counterweight

pivot
10 000 N

load

5000 N

(i) What is the turning moment of the load? Give the unit.

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
2 marks

(ii) How far from the pivot must the 10000 N counter weight be placed in order
to balance the load?

......................................................................................................... m
1 mark

Children's International School, Lagos 6

 (iii) The counterweight is placed 3 m from the pivot.
What load could now be balanced 8 m from the pivot?

.............................................................................................................

......................................................................................................... N
1 mark
Maximum 6 marks

4. (a) Megan was doing time-trials on her bike around a 400 metre horizontal track.

(i) She took 32 seconds to travel 400 m.

What was her average speed? Give the unit.

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) Compare the forward force on the bike with the backward force on the bike
when Megan was travelling at a constant speed.

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

Children's International School, Lagos 7

 (b) Megan then crouched down over the handlebars to make herself more
streamlined, as shown below.
She continued to pedal with the same force as before.

Compare the forward and backward forces on Megan and her bike now.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................
1 mark

Explain your answer.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 4 marks

Children's International School, Lagos 8

5. Alex has a 100 cm ruler pivoted at the centre. She ties a balloon filled with carbon
dioxide 16 cm from the pivot, as shown below.

The total weight of the balloon and carbon dioxide is 0.06 N.

16 cm
metre ruler
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

pivot

balloon filled with

carbon dioxide gas

0.06 N

(a) The ruler becomes unbalanced.

Calculate the turning moment the balloon produces about the pivot on the ruler.
Give the unit.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................
2 marks

Children's International School, Lagos 9

 (b) Alex ties another similar balloon, filled with helium, 48 cm from the pivot.
The helium balloon exerts an upward force on the ruler.
The ruler is balanced as shown below.

balloon filled
with helium gas

48 cm

16 cm
metre ruler
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

pivot

balloon filled with

carbon dioxide gas

0.06 N

(i) When the ruler is balanced, what turning moment must the helium balloon
produce about the pivot?

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

Children's International School, Lagos 10

 (ii) Calculate the upward force exerted by the helium balloon on the ruler.

.............................................................................................................

......................................................................................................... N
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks

6. Five people take it in turns to sit on a see-saw. The table gives the weight of each
person.

person weight, in N

Jack 510

Ellie 540

Rosie 490

Maggy 540

Andy 560

(a) Andy sits at one end, but there is nobody on the other end.

Andy sits on the see-saw.

In which direction does his end of the see-saw move?

...................................................................
1 mark

Children's International School, Lagos 11

 (b) Which two people in the table above could make the see-saw balance?

………………………..……...…......and………………….......…………..….
1 mark

Use information in the table to help you answer parts (c) and (d).

(c) Rosie sits on end A, and Jack sits on end B.

They lift their feet.

What happens to each end of the see-saw?
Write up or down in the boxes under Rosie and Jack.
1 mark

(d) Ellie sits on end A, and another of the group sits on end B.
Ellie's end stays down.

Who could be on end B?

...................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks

Children's International School, Lagos 12

7. Sally pulls a sledge in the snow.

friction
F

(a) (i) Draw an arrow on the rope to show the direction of the force of the rope on
the sledge.

Label the arrow R.

(ii) Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the direction of the force of gravity
on the sledge.

Label the arrow G.

2 marks

(b) Force F is the friction between the sledge and the snow.
Sally then pulled the sledge over a concrete path.

Friction is less on snow than on concrete.

Give the reason for this.

................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 3 marks

Children's International School, Lagos 13

8. The drawing shows a snow-buggy being pulled by a sail.
The buggy rests on three skis on the snow.

(a) The drawing shows four forces that act when the snow-buggy is moving.

Draw a line from each force in the list below to the correct letter from the
diagram.
Draw only three lines.

force letter

the weight of the buggy

B
the force pulling the
buggy along

the friction between the

skis and the snow

3 marks

Children's International School, Lagos 14

 (b) A scientist travelled 80 kilometres (km) each day in the buggy.

How many kilometres did he travel in 10 days?

............. km
1 mark

(c) The buggy carried the scientist, food and equipment for the journey.
The table shows how the total mass changed.

total mass at start total mass at end

of journey (kg) of journey (kg)
mass of buggy, scientist,
295 130
food and equipment

The buggy sank deeper into the snow at the start of the journey than at the end.

Why did it sink deeper at the start? Use the table to help you.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
1 mark

(d) The buggy rests on three skis instead of three wheels.

Why are skis better than wheels for travelling on snow?

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
1 mark

(e) When a bigger sail is used, the buggy goes faster.

How does a bigger sail help the buggy to go faster?

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 7 marks

Children's International School, Lagos 15

9. The drawing below shows an astronaut in space.
He has four small jets attached to his space suit.
These jets produce forces on the astronaut in the directions A, B, C and D.

(a) The drawing below shows the size and direction of four forces acting
on the astronaut.

In which direction, A, B, C or D, will the astronaut move?

Give the letter.

..............
1 mark

Children's International School, Lagos 16

 (b) The drawing below shows the size and direction of four different
forces acting on the astronaut.

What will happen to the astronaut when the jets produce these four forces?

......................................................................................................................
1 mark

Explain your answer.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
1 mark

Children's International School, Lagos 17

 (c) The drawing below shows the size and direction of four different
forces acting on the astronaut.

Draw an arrow on the diagram below to show the direction in which he

will move.

1 mark
maximum 4 marks

10. The photographs below show pupils investigating the movement of objects on ramps.

Children's International School, Lagos 18

 Plan an investigation into the factors affecting the movement of objects on ramps.

You can use any objects and any surfaces you like, and any other equipment you
need.

In the box below, write a short draft of one question you could plan to investigate about
the movement of objects on ramps.

Use your draft to help you answer the following questions.

(a) Give one factor you could change as you carry out your investigation
(the independent variable).

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
1 mark

(b) What factor would you observe or measure to collect your results (the dependent
variable) and what equipment would you use to measure them?

The factor I would observe or measure is ......................................................

.......................................................................................................................
1 mark

The measuring equipment I would use is ......................................................

.......................................................................................................................
1 mark

Children's International School, Lagos 19

 (c) Give one factor you should keep the same to make your test fair.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 4 marks

11. The diagram below shows a container filled with a liquid.

piston A
area 2.0 cm 2

pedal

liquid

piston B
area 8.0 cm 2

At each end of the container there is a piston.

Piston A has a smaller area than piston B.

Children's International School, Lagos 20

 (a) (i) Rebekah pushes on the pedal. This produces a force of 200 N on piston A.

Calculate the pressure that piston A exerts on the liquid.

Give the unit.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
2 marks

(ii) The liquid in the container exerts the same pressure on piston B.

Use this pressure to calculate the force on piston B.

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................. N
1 mark

(b) Rebekah set up a different experiment as shown below.

She measured the volume of the liquid and the air in the
cylinders before and after a 200 g load was added to the piston.

200 g
load 200 g
load

liquid air

without load with load without load with load

Children's International School, Lagos 21

 (i) When the loads were added to the pistons, the volume of the liquid did not
change but the volume of the air decreased.

Explain why this happened.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) The diagram on the opposite page represents the way the brake system of
a car works.
The brake pedal pushes piston A.
Piston B pushes the brakes on.

If air bubbles get into the liquid, the brakes do not work properly.
Explain why.
Use the diagrams above to help you.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks

12. Russell investigated the relationship between mass and weight.

He weighed five different masses using a force meter.

His results are shown in the table.

mass (g) weight (N)

150 1.5

250 2.5

300 3.8

400 4.0

580 5.8

Children's International School, Lagos 22

 (a) He plotted four of his results on a grid as shown below,

(i) Plot the point for the 150 g mass on the graph.
1 mark

(ii) Draw a line of best fit.

7.0

6.0
×

5.0

4.0 ×
×
weight
(N)
3.0
×
2.0

1.0

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
mass (g)
1 mark

(b) One of the points Russell plotted does not fit the pattern.

Circle this point on the graph.

1 mark

(c) Use your graph to predict:

(i) the mass of an object weighing 6.5 N;

............. g
1 mark

Children's International School, Lagos 23

 (ii) the weight of an object of mass 50 g.

............. N
1 mark

(d) Give one reason why it is more useful to present the results as a line graph
rather than a table.

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks

13. The diagram shows four forces acting on a plane in flight.

(a) Which arrow represents air resistance?

Give the letter.

.............
1 mark

Children's International School, Lagos 24

 (b) (i) When the plane is flying at a constant height, which two forces must be
balanced?
Give the letters.

............. and .............

1 mark

(ii) When the plane is flying at a constant speed in the direction shown, which
two forces must be balanced?
Give the letters.

............. and .............

1 mark

(c) (i) Just before take-off, the plane is speeding up along the ground.

Which statement is true?

Tick the correct box.

Force B is zero.

Force B is greater than force D.

Force D is equal to force B.

Force D is greater than force B.

1 mark

Children's International School, Lagos 25

 (ii) Which statement is true about the plane just as it leaves the ground?
Tick the correct box.

Force C is zero.

Force C is greater than force A.

Force A is equal to force C.

Force A is greater than force C.

1 mark
maximum 5 marks

14. Abi investigated how adding salt to water affects the way an object floats.
She used the apparatus below.

scale

water level

200 cm 3 of water

test-tube weighted down with lead

She used a scale inside a test-tube to measure the length of the test-tube above the
water level.

(a) What factor did Abi change as she carried out her investigation (the independent
variable)?

................................................................................................................
1 mark

Children's International School, Lagos 26

 (b) Abi plotted her results on a graph.

42

40

38

36

length of
test-tube 34
above water
level (mm)
32

30

28
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
mass of salt added to the water (g)

(i) On the graph, circle the result which does not fit the pattern.

(ii) Suggest one reason for this result.

................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................
2 marks

Children's International School, Lagos 27

 (c) Abi said she should repeat the measurement that does not fit the pattern.
Robert said there is no need to repeat this measurement.

Who do you agree with?

Tick one box.

Albi... Robert...

Explain your answer.

................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................
1 mark

(d) Abi and Robert wrote the conclusions listed below.

Look at the graph of their results and tick whether each conclusion is true or
false or whether you cannot tell.

cannot
conclusions true false
tell

The more salt added, the higher the

test-tube floats in the water.

The length of the test-tube is 8 cm.

When 10 g of salt is added, the length of

the test-tube above the water will be 34 mm.

Doubling the amount of salt doubles the

length of the test-tube above the water.

2 marks
maximum 6 marks

Children's International School, Lagos 28

15. (a) Tasha puts a small block of wood on a smooth surface.

She puts different forces on the block.

The diagrams below show the size and direction of these forces.

Will each block move to the left, to the right or stay still?
Tick the correct box in each row.

forces on block moves moves

to the to the stays
left right still

(i)
5N

1 mark
(ii)
10 N 10 N

1 mark
(iii)
6N 4N

1 mark
(iv)
6N 8N
2N

1 mark

Children's International School, Lagos 29

 (b) (i) Which piece of equipment should Tasha use to measure the forces on the
block?

Tick the correct box.

1 mark

(ii) Give the name of the equipment used to measure force.

................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks

Children's International School, Lagos 30

16. A builder tried to remove a wooden post from the ground by pulling with a rope.

hole B

hole A
1.6 m 300 N

0.8 m

pivot P

ground

(a) (i) The builder attached a rope to hole A, 0.8 m above the ground.
He pulled with a horizontal force of 300 N.

Calculate the turning moment about the pivot P.

Give the unit.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
2 marks

(ii) He then attached a rope to hole B, 1.6 m above the ground.

He pulled with a horizontal force.

What force would produce the same turning moment as before?

........................................................................................................... N
1 mark

Children's International School, Lagos 31

 (b) The post breaks off and falls on the ground as shown.

The weight of the broken post is 120 N.

The area in contact with the ground is 0.2 m2.

Calculate the pressure of the broken post on the ground.

Give the unit.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
2 marks
maximum 5 marks

17. Oliver clamped a wooden plank to a desk. There was a 40 cm overhang as shown in
diagram 1.

40 cm
overhang
sag
wooden
plank

metre ruler

floor

diagram 1 diagram 2

Children's International School, Lagos 32

 Oliver added masses to the end of the wooden plank as shown in diagram 2.
He measured the sag.
The graph below shows his results.

40

35

30

sag 25
(cm)
20

15

10

5 x
x
x
x
0 x
0 500 1000 1500 2000
mass (g)

(a) What measurements would Oliver need to take to work out the sag?

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
1 mark

(b) Oliver repeated his test with a new plank with an 80 cm overhang. His results are
shown below.

mass (g) sag (cm)

0 1.0

500 15.0

1000 25.0

1500 31.0

2000 35.0

Children's International School, Lagos 33

 (i) Plot the results from Oliver’s second test on the grid above.
Use the points to draw a line of best fit.
2 marks

(ii) In the second test the plank sagged with no mass added to it.
Explain what caused this sag.

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) Compare the results of Oliver’s two tests.

(i) How are the results similar for each test?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) How are the results different in the second test?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks

Children's International School, Lagos 34

18. Yasmin investigated the stopping distance of a trolley.

trolley
She let go of the
trolley.
ramp sponge
It hit a sponge at
the bottom of the book
ramp.

She measured how

far the sponge
moved.

This is the stopping

distance. stopping distance

(a) Yasmin did the investigation five times.

She changed the steepness of the ramp each time.

(i) How could she make this ramp steeper?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

Children's International School, Lagos 35

 (ii) Yasmin’s results are shown in the table.

steepness stopping distance

of ramp (cm)

A 10

B 16

C 16

D 28

E 34

She predicted, ‘The steeper the ramp, the greater the stopping distance’.
If Yasmin was correct, which ramp was the steepest? Write the letter.

..............
1 mark

(iii) Yasmin looked at her results and decided she should repeat her
investigation.
Look at Yasmin’s results.

Suggest why she decided to repeat her investigation.

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

Children's International School, Lagos 36

 (b) Yasmin then investigated the stopping distance of a trolley with different masses
on it.
The graph shows her results.

100

80 x

x
60
stopping x
distance
(cm)
40 x

20

0
0 100 200 300 400 500
mass added to trolley (g)

(i) What would be the stopping distance if 0 g were on the trolley?

...................................... cm
1 mark

(ii) Complete the sentence with decreases, increases or stays the same.

As the mass added to the trolley increases,

the stopping distance ................................................ .

1 mark
maximum 5 marks

Children's International School, Lagos 37

19. (a) Satish poured some water into a long tank in the school laboratory.
He used a plunger at one end to make a wave.

plunger
tank

water

1.5 m
not to scale

(i) The wave travelled to the other end of the tank.

The speed of the wave was 2 m/s.

How long did the wave take to travel to the other end?

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................ s
1 mark

(ii) Satish investigated how the depth of water in his tank affected the speed of
the waves.
Write a plan to show how he could do this.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
3 marks

Children's International School, Lagos 38

 (b) Satish found the following information about waves in the sea.

depth of sea water speed of wave

(m) (m/s)

10 9.9

20 14.0

30 17.2

40 19.8

The diagram below shows how the depth of sea water changes.

sea water

sea bed
A B C

Use the information in the table above to help you describe the speed of a wave
as it travels from A to B and from B to C.

A to B ............................................................................................................
1 mark

B to C ............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks

Children's International School, Lagos 39

20. Joe makes two bridges from strips of cardboard cut as shown.

Joe tests the bridges by adding masses to them. He measures the distance from the
bench to the bottom of each bridge for different masses as shown.

(a) Suggest two things Joe must do to make his test fair.

1. ....................................................................................................................
1 mark

2. ....................................................................................................................
1 mark

Children's International School, Lagos 40

 Here are Joe’s results.

distance from bench to bottom of bridge (cm)

mass added
to bridge (g)
bridge A bridge B

0 7.2 7.2

100 7.1 7.0

200 7.0 6.5

250 6.8 6.1

300 3.0 5.6

350 0.0 5.0

(b) (i) Joe put 325g on each bridge.

Using the results table, estimate the distance from each bridge to the
bench.

bridge A ................ cm bridge B ................ cm

1 mark

(ii) Suggest what happened to bridge A when it was loaded with 350g.

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) (i) Which bridge would be better for carrying a 200g toy car?
Tick the correct box.

bridge A bridge B

Explain your answer.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

Children's International School, Lagos 41

 (ii) Which bridge would be better for carrying a 300g toy car?
Tick the correct box.

bridge A bridge B

Explain your answer.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks

21. Tom is doing a bungee jump from a bridge.

He is attached to one end of an elastic rope.

The other end of the rope is attached to the bridge.
Tom jumps from the bridge.

(a) (i) What force makes Tom fall towards the ground?

.........................................................
1 mark

Children's International School, Lagos 42

 (ii) Tom does not hit the river below the bridge.
What makes Tom stop falling before he hits the river?

.........................................................
1 mark

(b) The next person to do a bungee jump is Jill.

Jill weighs less than Tom.

Complete the sentence below using words from the box.

more than less than the same as

When Jill jumps, the rope will stretch ...........................................................

it did when Tom jumped.

1 mark

(c) Jill’s dad watches her doing the bungee jump.

He is standing a long way from the bridge.
Jill shouts ‘bungee’ at the same time as she jumps off the bridge.
Jill’s dad sees her jump before he hears her shout.

Children's International School, Lagos 43

 (i) Why does Jill’s dad see her jump before he hears her shout?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) Tom is near Jill when she shouts. Her dad is far away.

Complete the sentence to describe how the shout will sound to Tom
compared with Jill’s dad. Use one word from the box.

louder higher lower quieter

The shout will sound ............................................ to Tom.

1 mark

(iii) What part of Tom’s ear vibrates when he hears Jill shout?

...............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks

22. The diagram below shows Jo hanging on a trapeze (swing) in a circus.

rope

D B

Children's International School, Lagos 44

 (a) (i) Which arrow, A, B, C or D, shows the direction of Jo’s weight?

..............
1 mark

(ii) Which arrow, A, B, C or D, shows the direction of the force of the rope on
Jo?

..............
1 mark

(b) Sara swings towards Jo.

Jo

Sara

Sara lets go of her trapeze and Jo catches her.

Jo

Sara

Children's International School, Lagos 45

 (i) What happens to the downward force on the rope of Jo’s trapeze?
Tick the correct box.

increases decreases stays the same there is no force

1 mark

(ii) Explain your answer.

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) Jo lets go of the trapeze and both Sara and Jo fall into a safety net below them.

What happens to the downward force on the rope when Jo lets go?

........................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks

23. (a) Gary poured 50 cm3 of water into a measuring cylinder.

He then put a steel ball into the measuring cylinder.

100 cm 3 100 cm 3
90 90
80 80
70 70
60 60
50 50
40 40
30 30
steel ball 20 water 20 water

10 10 steel ball

Children's International School, Lagos 46

 (i) What is the new reading on the measuring cylinder?

.............. cm3
1 mark

(ii) What is the volume of the steel ball?

.............. cm3
1 mark

(b) The table below shows the mass and volume of four objects.

object mass (g) volume (cm3)

aluminium figure 230 85

lead weight 800 70

steel block 200 25

wood puzzle 400 500

(i) Which object is the heaviest? ............................................

1 mark

(ii) Which object takes up the most space? ............................................

1 mark

(c) The frame of a bike is made of aluminium.

frame

Children's International School, Lagos 47

 (i) Give one reason why aluminium is a suitable material for the frame.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) A force between the tyres and the road stops the bike skidding.

What is the name of this force?

...................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks

24. A cyclist and a runner have a race.

The distance-time graph for the race is shown below.

110

100

90

80

70
distance (m)

60
cyclist runner
50

40

30

20

10

0
0 1 22 33 4 5 6 7 88 99 10
10 11
11 12 13 14 15
time(s)

Children's International School, Lagos 48

 Use the graph to answer the following questions.

(a) (i) How much time did it take the cyclist to travel 100 m?

........... s
1 mark

(ii) When the cyclist finished the race how far behind was the runner?

........... m
1 mark

(iii) How much more time did the runner take compared with the cyclist to
complete the race?

........... s
1 mark

(b) The cyclist is travelling at a constant speed between 3 seconds and 6 seconds.

How does the graph show this?

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) (i) When the race started, a walker set off at a steady speed of 2m/s.

Draw a line on the graph to show the distance covered by the walker in
the first 15 seconds. Use a ruler.
1 mark

(ii) Calculate how much time it will take for the walker to walk 100m.

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................ s
1 mark
maximum 6 marks

Children's International School, Lagos 49

25. David uses a falling mass to split wooden logs.

The 5 kg mass slides down the rod and hits the metal blade.
The force on the blade splits the log.

(a) To lift the mass David uses energy stored in his muscles.

What energy transfer occurs when David’s muscles lift the mass?

from ...................................................................... energy in his muscles to

gravitational potential energy of the mass

1 mark

(b) David lifts the mass. The mass gains 50 J of gravitational potential energy. The
falling mass changes this energy into kinetic energy.

(i) As it falls, what is the maximum amount of energy the mass can change
from gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy?

........................ J
1 mark

Children's International School, Lagos 50

 (ii) Not all the gravitational potential energy is transferred to kinetic energy as
the mass falls.
Give one reason for this.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) Give two ways David can increase the kinetic energy of the mass just before it
hits the blade.

1. ...........................................................................................................
1 mark

2. ...........................................................................................................
1 mark

Children's International School, Lagos 51

 (d) David can use a different blade to split the logs.
The diagram below shows two different blades A and B.

A B

5kg 5kg

force
The formula for pressure is: pressure =
area

Which blade puts more pressure on the log?

Write the letter.

..............

Explain your answer in terms of area. Use the formula to help you.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks

Children's International School, Lagos 52